西藏自治区境内曾经捕获褐家鼠

目的研究西藏自治区境内是否有褐家鼠分布。方法利用鼠夹法捕鼠,捕获鼠制成标本。结果 1974年7-10月在拉萨市和山南专区共捕获15种鼠,制作标本80号,其中有1只褐家鼠捕自林芝市八一镇,研究标本藏于中国农业科学院草原研究所动物标本室。该鼠为雄性,体重182g,体长195mm,尾长167mm,后足长34mm,耳长20mm,颅全长43.4mm,颅基长42.0mm,鼻骨长17.5mm,颧骨宽19.8mm,眶间宽6.7mm,后头宽18.5mm,齿隙13.9mm,上齿列长7.7mm。在喜马拉雅山南坡错那县捕获1只褐家鼠,未留标本。结论西藏林芝市及错那县分别捕获1只褐家鼠,可能有褐家鼠的分布。     

福建省蜱类和鼠类的莱姆病调查及首次分离出4株莱姆病螺旋体

从福建省北部莱姆病感染率较高及已发现病人的林区捕获一批家、野鼠类,从鼠体收集到一批蜱类(硬蜱、血蜱),取蜱中肠和鼠肾脏分别接种BSKII培养基,结果共分离出4株莱姆病螺旋体——伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)。从粒形硬蜱和社鼠分离出莱姆病螺旋体在国内外属首次报告。     

褐家鼠精母细胞中偶线期节的研究

目的探讨褐家鼠精母细胞中偶线期节的形态结构和行为。方法采用表面铺展－ＳＤＳ处理、硝酸银和磷钨酸染色电镜技术。结果在褐家鼠精母细胞偶线期的染色体轴心和联会复合体侧生组分及中央组分均发现电子密度高的球形或椭圆形的节状结构，即偶线期节。结论褐家鼠精母细胞的偶线期似乎存在几种不同功能的偶线期节，偶线期节在同源染色体配对和同源重组过程中起重要的作用。     

褐家鼠和社鼠的能量摄入量,食量和饮水量测定

目的：本研究比较了适应于不同生境的褐家鼠和社鼠的食量、饮水量和摄入能，初步探讨其适应意义，并为制定防制对策提供依据。方法：实验动物均匀分组，以大米和花生米为食物，先预饲５～７天，然后正式试验３天；能值用ＧＲ－３５００氧弹仪测定。结果：社鼠的每千克体重日食量、日饮水量和日摄入能均高于褐家鼠。结论：野生社鼠的单位体重的每日能量需要高于家栖的褐家鼠，这是与其较为复杂的生存环境条件相适应的     

室内毒杀社鼠试验

选用磷化锌、溴代毒鼠磷、氯敌鼠、溴敌隆和敌鼠钠盐等5种急慢性常用灭鼠药,对社鼠进行了室内毒杀试验。结果表明,无选择性试验毒效均很好,有选择性试验则以溴代毒鼠磷灭效最佳。     

Search for a common mechanism of mood stabilizers

Manic-depression, or bipolar affective disorder, is a prevalent mental disorder with a global impact. Mood stabilizers have acute and long-term effects and at a minimum are prophylactic for manic or depressive poles without detriment to the other. Lithium has significant effects on mania and depression, but may be augmented or substituted by some antiepileptic drugs. The biochemical basis for mood stabilizer therapies or the molecular origins of bipolar disorder is unknown. One approach to this problem is to seek a common target of all mood stabilizers. Lithium directly inhibits two evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathways. It both suppresses inositol signaling through depletion of intracellular inositol and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifunctional protein kinase. A number of GSK-3 substrates are involved in neuronal function and organization, and therefore present plausible targets for therapy. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug with mood-stabilizing properties. It may indirectly reduce GSK-3 activity, and can up-regulate gene expression through inhibition of histone deacetylase. These effects, however, are not conserved between different cell types. VPA also inhibits inositol signaling through an inositol-depletion mechanism. There is no evidence for GSK-3 inhibition by carbamazepine, a second antiepileptic mood stabilizer. In contrast, this drug alters neuronal morphology through an inositol-depletion mechanism as seen with lithium and VPA. Studies on the enzyme prolyl oligopeptidase and the sodium myo-inositol transporter support an inositol-depletion mechanism for mood stabilizer action. Despite these intriguing observations, it remains unclear how changes in inositol signaling underlie the origins of bipolar disorder.     

Effects of environmental temperature on the development of a noradrenergic thermoregulatory mechanism in the rat

Rats reared at 30°C do not exhibit the same thermoregulatory competence during cold exposure as do rats reared at 20° C. They are even more clearly distinguished by the absence of an hypothermic response to intrahypothalamic noradrenaline (IH-NA). In one series of experiments, different groups of rats all received 120 days 30° C-exposure and 20 days 20° C-exposure. The 20° C-exposure occurred at different ages in different treatment groups. At 140 days of age, bilateral IH-NA injections (each 10 g/1 l CSF) were administered in conscious rats and the body temperature response observed. An hypothermic response to IH-NA was observed in groups whose exposure to 20° C terminated between 20 and 80 days of age. In a second series of experiments, duration of rearing at 20° C varied but always started at 40 days of age. Responses to IH-NA in 140-day-old adults indicated that the exposure required to induce 50% of the hypothermic response of control (20° C-reared) rats was 17days. These data suggest that there is an hypothalamic noradrenergic mechanism implicated in the control of body temperature whose development is affected by environmental temperature in a duration-dependent manner. The period during which this effect may be exerted extends into adulthood.     

超声波驱鼠器对鼠活动行为的影响及其应用探讨

目的了解超声波对鼠活动行为的影响,明确超声波驱鼠器对褐家鼠的现场驱避效果,探讨超声波驱鼠器在鼠类控制中的使用方法。方法用粉迹法调查鼠的活动性,以评价驱鼠器对鼠活动行为的影响,用粘鼠板与驱鼠器联合使用来探讨驱鼠器的更有效的使用方法。结果在不使用驱鼠器时,平均每只鼠在每个粉块上,每天的鼠足迹百分率在0.3%~1.4%,昆明小白鼠主要集中在房屋的边缘活动,当驱鼠器使用1-2d时,鼠的活动性无显著变化,第3天时鼠的活动性急剧增加,鼠足迹百分率最高达12.5%。在仅使用驱鼠器时,对野生褐家鼠的活动性没有显著影响,处理前后的粉块阳性率分别为(30.9±8.2)%和(36.0±11.4)%;在粘鼠板和驱鼠器同时使用时,与仅用粘鼠板的对照区相比,两次重复都有显著的驱鼠效果,在重复1中驱鼠器使用第8天后无鼠活动,重复2中在使用第19天后基本无鼠活动。结论超声波对鼠的活动行为有影响,超声波驱鼠器对外来褐家鼠的侵入有一定的驱避作用,驱鼠器和粘鼠板等鼠类防控措施联合使用,可以提高对褐家鼠的预防控制效果。     

杀鼠迷、敌鼠钠盐、溴敌隆一次性投饵杀灭家栖鼠效果评价

[目的]评价第一代抗凝血剂0.075%杀鼠迷、0.1%敌鼠钠盐及0.13%敌鼠钠盐母粉、第二代抗凝血剂0.005%溴敌隆毒饵灭鼠的效果。[方法]在济南市城乡结合部地区选取环境相似的两个农村,对杀鼠迷、敌鼠钠盐,溴敌隆和以敌鼠钠母粉配成的毒饵应用一次性投饵技术实施灭鼠;灭效考核用36格法、S-100格法。[结果]于投饵后第10天测定杀鼠迷、敌鼠钠盐、溴敌隆毒饵的灭鼠率分别为82.69%、82.32%、84.87%。杀鼠迷与溴敌隆（u=1.16,P〉0.05）、杀鼠迷与敌鼠钠盐（u=0.21,P〉0.05）、溴敌隆与敌鼠钠盐（u=1.36,P〉0.05）;用敌鼠钠母粉配成毒饵2次现场灭鼠效果分别为91.03%和87.40%,与敌鼠钠盐原粉（灭效89.55%）比较,差异均无统计学意义（u=0.87,1.08,P〉0.05）。[结论]第一代与第二代抗凝血杀鼠剂对家栖鼠都有良好的杀灭效果。     

紫草总酚酸辅助米非司酮对妊娠大鼠的抗早孕作用

目的：观察紫草总酚酸辅助米非司酮对妊娠大鼠的抗早孕作用。方法：对SD大鼠于妊娠第7～9天给药，观察妊娠抑制率；用放射免疫法测定血清中孕酮和雌二醇的水平。结果：大鼠口服紫草总酚酸720mg·kg^-1能够显著性提高米非司酮（8.0mg·kg^-1）的妊娠抑制率（P〈0.05），并增加实验组平均死胎数。对血清孕酮水平没有明显影响，也不能增加米非司酮引起的血清雌二醇水平的升高。结论：紫草总酚酸辅助米非司酮对妊娠SD大鼠的抗早孕作用明显，其抗早孕作用不是通过降低孕酮水平或升高雌二醇水平来实现的。