荒漠区褐家鼠的迁移方式

目的 观察褐家鼠在尚未开通铁路的荒漠区的迁移方式.方法 利用既往调查资料和荒漠区人工水渠、农田连片程度、公路和交通工具的变化,结合不同时间段鼠类群落的变化,用排除法分析褐家鼠在荒漠区的迁移方式.结果 褐家鼠随大型运输货车在荒漠区长距离迁移,沿农田或居民区迁移,＞8 km距离的荒漠生境可阻碍褐家鼠迁移.结论 褐家鼠在荒漠区可随大型货车迁移.     

MicroRNA‐132 regulates recognition memory and synaptic plasticity in the perirhinal cortex

Evidence suggests that the acquisition of recognition memory depends upon CREB‐dependent long‐lasting changes in synaptic plasticity in the perirhinal cortex.The CREB‐responsive microRNA miR‐132 has been shown to regulate synaptic transmission and we set out to investigate a role for this microRNA in recognition memory and its underlying plasticity mechanisms. To this end we mediated the specific overexpression of miR‐132 selectively in the rat perirhinal cortex and demonstrated impairment in short‐term recognition memory. This functional deficit was associated with a reduction in both long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation. These results confirm that microRNAs are key coordinators of the intracellular pathways that mediate experience‐dependent changes in the brain. In addition, these results demonstrate a role for miR‐132 in the neuronal mechanisms underlying the formation of short‐term recognition memory.     

云南省19个县市黄胸鼠体表蚤类种类调查

目的研究黄胸鼠体表寄生蚤类的种类组成及物种多样性。方法用鼠茏及鼠夹加食饵诱捕小型哺乳动物（小兽）,分类鉴定其中的黄胸鼠。采集黄胸鼠体表寄生蚤类,在实验室制成玻片标本,经干燥透明后于光学显微镜下鉴定蚤种。结果1997～2004年在云南省共调查19个县（市）,捕获黄胸鼠3757只,从其体表采集到蚤类2181只,分别隶属于5科16属18种。西南山地亚区采集到蚤类1306只,隶属于5科13属15种。滇南山地亚区采集到蚤类875只。隶属于5科7属7种。结论黄胸鼠体表寄生蚤类种类丰富,不同动物地理区域的蚤类构成有差异。     

中国云南洱海周边地带斯氏家鼠体表寄生虫的研究

目的 研究斯氏家鼠体表寄生虫的主要种类. 方法用U榆验和相关分析的统计方法对2003-2004 年云南洱海(中国滇西北著名的淡水湖泊) 周边88只斯氏家鼠体表寄生虫进行了调查,对斯氏家鼠的体表寄生虫群落和体表寄生虫医学和兽医学的重要性进行描述. 结果有70只斯氏家鼠寄生有体表寄生虫,侵染率为80%.采集到的体表寄生虫有54种,包括34种恙螨、15种革螨、4种蚤和1种吸虱.其中11种以前已经被证明是人类疾病的主要媒介. 结论斯氏家鼠很可能成为鼠疫、流行性出血热和恙虫病等病原体的贮存宿主.     

盐源县肾综合征出血热宿主动物10年监测分析

目的了解高海拔地区肾综合征出血热（HFRS）宿主动物特点，确定疫源地类型，分析该病的流行特点，为防治提供科学依据。方法采用铁板鼠夹，花生米作诱饵，晚放晨收，开展室内外监测。收集鼠肺和鼠血，用间接免疫荧光法检测鼠肺中抗原和鼠血中抗体。结果10年共投放鼠夹40480夹次，捕鼠4621只，隶属2目3科7属8种。主要带病毒鼠有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠、川西白腹鼠，室内捕捉的高山姬鼠。结论盐源县目前仍为家鼠型HFRS疫区，宿主动物种类多且复杂；川西白腹鼠为高海拔HFRS宿主动物之一。     

Complete reorganization of the motor cortex of adult rats following long‐term spinal cord injuries

Understanding brain reorganization following long‐term spinal cord injuries is important for optimizing recoveries based on residual function as well as developing brain‐controlled assistive devices. Although it has been shown that the motor cortex undergoes partial reorganization within a few weeks after peripheral and spinal cord injuries, it is not known if the motor cortex of rats is capable of large‐scale reorganization after longer recovery periods. Here we determined the organization of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) motor cortex at 5 or more months after chronic lesions of the spinal cord at cervical levels using intracortical microstimulation. The results show that, in the rats with the lesions, stimulation of neurons in the de‐efferented forelimb motor cortex no longer evokes movements of the forelimb. Instead, movements of the body parts in the adjacent representations, namely the whiskers and neck were evoked. In addition, at many sites, movements of the ipsilateral forelimb were observed at threshold currents. The extent of representations of the eye, jaw and tongue movements was unaltered by the lesion. Thus, large‐scale reorganization of the motor cortex leads to complete filling‐in of the de‐efferented cortex by neighboring representations following long‐term partial spinal cord injuries at cervical levels in adult rats.     

Bartonella spp. in rats and zoonoses, Los Angeles, California, USA

Bartonella spp. were detected in rats (Rattus norvegicus) trapped in downtown Los Angeles, California, USA. Of 200 rats tested, putative human pathogens, B. rochalimae and B. tribocorum were found in 37 (18.5%) and 115 (57.5%) rats, respectively. These bacteria among rodents in a densely populated urban area are a public health concern.     

上海市宝山区黄胸鼠和褐家鼠对溴敌隆的抗药性调查

目的 调查宝山区黄胸鼠和褐家鼠对溴敌隆杀鼠剂的抗药性,为科学使用化学灭鼠药物提供理论依据。方法 按照全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一的无选择性摄毒实验方法。结果 实验的21只黄胸鼠和20只褐家鼠,供给0.005%溴敌隆毒饵后在实验期限内均死亡,平均死亡天数分别为6.3和6.7 d,平均消耗溴敌隆原药分别为14.91和23.99 mg/kg,且未检测到抗溴敌隆的黄胸鼠和褐家鼠个体。结论 宝山区的黄胸鼠和褐家鼠对第二代抗凝血杀鼠剂（溴敌隆）均无明显抗药性。应定期开展抗药性监测,科学选用第一、二代抗凝血杀鼠剂,以延缓抗药性的发生和发展。