安徽省大别山区肾综合征出血热微小疫源地调查及分析

目的　调查大别山区肾综合征出血热微小疫源地演化及流行病学意义。方法　根据地理、地貌选择岳西县境内妙道山和菖蒲 2个调查点 (A点和B点 ) ,进行健康人群隐性感染调查 ,并用夹夜法调查小型兽类密度。采集捕获动物肺、血标本 ,检测汉坦病毒感染情况。结果　健康人群隐性感染率 2 .78% (2 /72 ) ;野外A点社鼠为优势鼠种 ,占夹捕小型兽类种类构成的 4 8.6 5 % (36 /74 ) ,捕获小型兽类总密度为 10 .6 2 % (74 /6 97) ,汉坦病毒 (HV)感染率为 12 .16 % (11/74 ) ,其中 10只为社鼠 ;野外B点社鼠构成比为 2 1.74 % (5 /2 3) ,小型兽类密度为 4 .31% (2 3/5 34) ,HV感染率为 8.70 % (2 /2 3) ,2只均为社鼠。结论　社鼠不仅是高山林区的主要宿主动物 ,而且是HFRS的主要传染源 ;肾综合征出血热微小疫源地已经强化。     

Effect of Trichostatin A on miRNA expression in cultures of primary rat hepatocytes

In the present study, the effect of Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was investigated on the microRNA (miR, miRNA) expression profile in cultured primary rat hepatocytes by means of microarray analysis. Simultaneously, albumin secretory capacity and morphological features of the hepatocytes were evaluated throughout the culture time. In total, 25 out of 348 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between freshly isolated hepatocytes and 7-day cultured cells. Nineteen of these miRNAs were connected with ‘general metabolism’. miR-21 and miR-126 were shown to be the most up and down regulated miRs upon cultivation and could be linked to the proliferative response triggered in the hepatocytes upon their isolation from the liver. miR-379 and miR-143, on the other hand, were found to be the most up and down regulated miRs upon TSA treatment. Together with the higher expression of miR-122 observed in TSA-treated versus non-treated cultures, we hypothesize that the changes observed for miR-122, miR-143 and miR-379 could be related to the inhibitory effects of TSA on hepatocellular proliferation.     

溴杀灵毒杀吉林省褐家鼠效果评价

目的掌握溴杀灵杀灭吉林省褐家鼠的效果,为疫区处理和特殊环境中灭鼠筛选药物。方法通过毒力测定,适口性,拒食反应,蓄积中毒等系列试验,验证溴杀灵对杀灭吉林省褐家鼠效果的评价。结果溴杀灵对褐家鼠一次口服毒力为2.134 mg/kg,95%可信性为1.1918～2.8305 mg/kg。褐家鼠对0.01%,0.05%和0.1%溴杀灵玉米毒饵的摄食系数分别为1.4686,0.7748和0.8377。无拒食反应,有一定的蓄积毒性,褐家鼠中毒死亡时间为1～3d,具有典型的神经中毒症状。结论结果表明溴杀灵对褐家鼠具有毒力强,死亡时间适中,适口性好的特点,是疫区处理和特殊环境下是灭杀灭褐家鼠较为理想的灭鼠药物。     

浙江金衢盆地褐家鼠体内发现西里伯瑞列绦虫一例

目的 调查野生褐家鼠体内寄生虫感染情况。方法 野外布鼠笼；捕捉野鼠后用乙醚麻醉，按常规动物解剖法对褐家鼠体表及体内各主要器官、组织详细检查，寻找寄生虫并取样鉴定；采用NOVEL（DN-401型）多媒体数码显微镜系统进行数码拍摄，并用配套的DN-3显微图像分析系统对该绦虫头节、链体以及孕节中的虫卵等进行比较分析。结果 捕获野外褐家鼠30只并解剖检验，于1只褐家鼠体内检获1条西里伯瑞列绦虫。结论 确认浙江金衢盆地褐家鼠体内寄生的绦虫为西里伯瑞列绦虫。     

二种抗凝血灭鼠剂毒杀褐家鼠和黄胸鼠效果评价

目的 :了解溴鼠灵对褐家鼠和杀它仗对黄胸鼠的毒杀效果。方法 :实验室用溴鼠灵对褐家鼠进行有选择性和无选择性试验。现场用杀它仗对黄胸鼠进行毒杀试验。结果 :褐家鼠对 0 .0 0 2 5 %、 0 .0 0 5 %溴鼠灵小麦和稻谷毒饵的摄食系数均大于 0 .75 ;0 .0 0 2 5 %～ 0 .0 0 5 %溴鼠灵小麦和稻谷毒饵 1～ 2次给药 ,毒杀率均大于 80 %。0 .0 0 5 %杀它仗蜡饵现场毒杀黄胸鼠 ,灭效为 90 .38%。结论 :溴鼠灵对褐家鼠的适口性良好 ,毒杀率高 ,可进行现场应用。杀它仗蜡饵在有效控制鼠类食物来源的前提下 ,盗食率较高 ,灭鼠效果较好。但因其价格高 ,各地应根据具体情况选择应用。     

Running wild: Neurogenesis in the hippocampus across the lifespan in wild and laboratory‐bred Norway rats

The dogmatic view that new neurons are not produced in the adult mammalian brain has been overturned in light of mounting evidence that neurogenesis continues to occur within two neurogenic niches, the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. In mammals, new neurons are incorporated into the hippocampus throughout life and are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Most studies use captive‐bred animals, and no previous studies have examined neurogenesis in free‐living rats despite the common use of laboratory rats. In particular, exercise upregulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus and exercise levels would certainly differ between wild and captive populations. Therefore, it is unclear whether results from captive populations can be generalized to natural populations or reflect variations from an artificial and inappropriate “baseline” level. To address this, we compared levels of cell proliferation and the number of immature neurons (using the endogenous markers Ki67 and doublecortin, respectively) in captured wild juvenile and adult Norway rats to three captive strains (Sprague‐Dawley, Long‐Evans, and Brown Norway) of the same species. Here, we show that the level of cell proliferation and young immature neuron survival in the dentate gyrus of juvenile wild rats is significantly higher than in Sprague‐Dawley rats, but not Long‐Evans or Brown Norway rats. However, cell proliferation and the number of immature neurons in the hippocampus of adult wild rats are within the normal range of captive‐bred rats at all adult ages examined. This finding is surprising given the dissimilar environments, including stressors and opportunities for exercise, encountered by each population. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Finding of Parastrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) in Rattus rattus in Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain)

Parastrongylus cantonensis is a parasite of murid rodents that can infect humans and cause health problems as eosinophilic meningitis. Although it is endemic in south Asia, the Pacific islands, Australia, USA, and a few Caribbean islands, it has been extended to new geographical regions. In the Canary Islands (Spain) a survey of helminths of Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus domesticus was carried out. Furthermore, five species of molluscs were examined for nematode larvae to determine whether they are potential intermediate hosts of P. cantonensis. Nematodes were found in the lungs of 15% of 67 R. rattus examined in Tenerife, one of the four studied islands, with a prevalence of 20% in the highest focus of infection. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, with the complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) and a fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) nucleotide sequences, nematodes were identified as P. cantonensis. Larval nematodes found from snails and slugs were identified as third-stage (L₃) Metastrongyloidea, but the molecular study showed that they did not belong to P. cantonensis. This is the first finding of angiostrongyliasis in rats in the Canary Islands (Spain). New molecular data for this species and Parastrongylus dujardini are reported. The presence of P. cantonensis in Tenerife could be of importance from the public health point of view. Further studies are required in order to look for other potential foci of infections in the Canary Islands.     

流行性出血热457例临床分析

本文对1984年10月至1986年9月入院的457例流行性出血热病例进行了分析。大多数病例有典型的临床表现,全部病例有蛋白尿。由于重视了β_2—MG 肾功能检查,提高了早期诊断率。对421例患者进行了血清学检查(间接免疫荧光法),其中361例血清特异性抗体呈阳性(85.75％)。治疗过程中重视了输液疗法,并试用了免疫疗法,提高了治愈率。由于在黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠体内均发现流行性出血热相关抗原,认为是农村型和城市型的混合流行。     

GABA-immunoreactive starburst amacrine cells in pigmented and albino rats

In this study we tested whether the critical anatomical substrate for retinal direction selectivity is altered in albino mammals. We used dual immunostaining for GABA and choline acetyltransferase and quantitatively analyzed the number of double-labelled starburst amacrine cells in wild-type and albino rats. In albino rats, the percentage of ON-amacrine cells with high GABA content was significantly lower than in pigmented animals. OFF-amacrines did not significantly differ between the two rat strains. Thus, the decreased GABA content in ON-amacrine cells could reflect an altered neuronal substrate for retinal direction selectivity. These results are discussed in relation to the optokinetic deficits described in albino mammals.