小儿呼吸道疾病发病和人体生物节律之间相关性探讨

目的:探讨小儿常见呼吸道疾病发病和人体生物节律体力、情绪及智力周期的相关性。方法:收集小儿常见呼吸道疾病2 018例，计算发病日期处于其体力、情绪及智力周期的周日期、高潮期、临界期或低潮期，判定其属于哪一期发病，并进行卡方检验及圆分布分析统计学处理，据此判断小儿常见呼吸道疾病的发病与人体生物节律的体力、情绪及智力周期之间的相关性；结果:两者之间无明显相关性，且不同诊断的患儿的发病时间在生物周期上均匀分布，无集中趋势。结论:小儿常见呼吸道疾病的发病与人体生物节律之间没有明显相关性。     

异甘草酸镁对慢性肝病实验室指标改善的价值

目的探讨异甘草酸镁(MIG)对慢性肝病患者实验室指标改善的价值。方法 66例应用MIG注射液(150mg/日)和129例应用非甘草酸类(非-MIG)如二氯醋酸二异丙胺注射液(80mg/日)单独或合并应用其他保肝药物治疗,观察治疗1周和2周时患者血常规、血电解质和血生化指标的变化。结果与非-MIG治疗组比,MIG治疗1周时能升高白细胞(P=0.01),ALT、AST、ALP和GGT降低非常明显(P<0.01)。MIG开始治疗时患者ALT、AST、ALP和GGT水平分别是非-MIG治疗组患者的5倍(P<0.01)、2.94倍(P<0.01)、2.41倍(P<0.01)和1.63倍(P<0.01),治疗2周后MIG治疗组这些指标分别下降到非-MIG治疗组的1.53倍(P=0.03)、1.04倍(P=0.79)、1.29倍(P=0.26)和1.1倍(P=0.33);治疗2周后,MIG组和非-MIG治疗组患者TP、ALB、Hb均有所下降,但两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 MIG对慢性肝损伤的治疗安全有效,血清酶学恢复迅速,未见明显的副作用。     

钙离子依赖型凝集素样受体2 (CLEC-2)研究进展

 钙离子依赖型凝集素样受体2(calcium dependent lectin like receptor 2,CLEC-2)是近年发现的血小板表面受体,相对分子质量(Mr)约32 000,是一种Ⅱ型跨膜受体。蛇毒蛋白Rhodocytin和唾液酸样糖蛋白Podoplanin是目前被分别鉴定出的CLEC-2的外源性和内源性配体。配体与受体相互作用后,通过Src及Syk依赖的酪氨酸激酶途径活化下游分子,最终激活PLCγ2,产生第二信使的生理效应,引起血小板活化聚集。研究表明CLEC-2与配体的相互作用和血栓性疾病、肿瘤转移和进展以及血小板捕获HIV 1并呈递给靶细胞等过程密切相关。因此,阻断两者相互作用可能成为治疗上述疾病的新靶点。     

Minimal Clinically Important Differences in the Six-Minute Walk Test and the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test

Simple walking tests are widely used for the assessment of functional status in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders. These tests require far less instrumentation than formal cardiopulmonary exercise tests, but they do require standardization of procedures to achieve reproducible results. The most widely used tests for patients with COPD are the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and the incremental shuttle walking test (SWT). The 6MWT has been characterized in COPD patients with respect to reproducibility and responsivity to change in health status. The 6MWT results are correlated with pulmonary function, health-related quality of life, maximum exercise capacity, and mortality. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the 6MWT is conservatively estimated to be 54–80 meters using both distributional and discriminative methods. For an individual patient, the 6MWT would need to change by about 86 meters to be statistically confident that there has been a change. The SWT has been less extensively validated than the 6MWT, but has similar reproducibility in COPD (CV = approximately 20%). The SWT results improve with pulmonary rehabilitation and bronchodilation, and are highly correlated with maximum oxygen consumption. There are no studies that address the issue of MCID for the SWT. In addition to the MCID, the design and interpretation of COPD clinical trials should take into account the severity of initial impairment, the asymmetry between positive and negative changes, the proportion of patients who show substantial improvement, and the costs and risks of the treatment.     

番泻叶、聚乙二醇和二甲基硅油联合应用对胶囊内镜检查可见度及检出率的影响

目的探讨番泻叶、聚乙二醇和二甲基硅油联合应用对于胶囊内镜(CE)检查可见度及检出率的影响。方法选取该院2016年6月-2018年9月拟行CE检查的患者126例,采用随机数表法分为对照组(n=62)与观察组(n=64),两组检查前禁食3 d,对照组予以聚乙二醇和二甲基硅油作为肠道准备,观察组在此基础上给予口服番泻叶。比较两组胃排空时间、小肠转运时间、胃和小肠的染色节段长度、绿色条带长度、肠道清洁程度、两组病变检出情况及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者胃排空时间、小肠转运时间、胃和小肠的染色节段无明显差异(P0.05);观察组全小肠和远端小肠绿色条带长度短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义[(5.53±2.93) vs (6.74±2.76)cm;t=2.39,P=0.019;(3.37±2.04) vs (5.56±2.13)cm;t=5.90,P=0.000];两组近端小肠清洁程度差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组远端小肠(89.06%vs59.68%,χ2=14.35,P=0.000)和全小肠(87.50%vs 48.39%,χ2=22.23,P=0.000)清洁率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;观察组病变总检出率明显高于对照组(92.18%vs 72.58%,χ2=8.40,P=0.004);两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(17.74%vs 18.75%,P0.05)。结论添加番泻叶可有效提高聚乙二醇和二甲基硅油对于CE的检查可见度和检出率。     

Access to orphan drugs – comparison across Balkan countries

The aim of this study was to compare orphan drug access in a sample of Balkan countries: five EU Member States (Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Slovenia) and two EU Candidates (Serbia, Montenegro). The comparative analysis was based on a cross-sectional study and included medicinal products with an active orphan designation and market authorisation on January 1, 2017.Access to orphan drugs is an ongoing challenge in these countries. Three clusters of countries were identified in terms of orphan drug access: Greece and Slovenia, making the top tier, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia, being in the middle, and EU Candidates, Serbia and Montenegro, forming the bottom tier, where a substantial number of EU market approved orphan drugs was not even registered. Available public health resources and market size are probably among the contributing factors for such inequalities. Sizeable part of EMA market authorised orphan medicinal products is not even priced in the Balkan countries. This is a serious issue, which is putting rare disease patients from this region in a particularly vulnerable situation.There is a need for further improvement in accessibility of orphan drugs in the Balkan countries. Cross-border collaboration in the field of pricing, health technology assessment, and reimbursement negotiation of orphan drugs may help to address these challenges.