Endothelin-1 in children with chronic renal failure

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was meansured after extraction from plasma of normal adults (5.9±1.9 pg/ml,n=22), normal children (7.1±1.86 pg/ml,n=29), nonhaemodialysed children with chronic renal failure (CRF) (11.1±1.8 pg/ml),n=10), renal graft recipients (9.5±3.4 pg/ml,n=37), haemodialysed children 24 h after a haemodialysis session (20.02±10.9 pg/ml,n=26) and haemodialysed children before and after a haemodialysis session (15.31±10.6 and 13.8±8.5 respectively,n=14). A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used. ET-1 was significantly higher in non-haemodialysed CRF children and in renal graft recipients than in normal children (P<0.001 andP<0.01, respectively) and significantly higher in haemodialysed children when compared with normal children, non-haemodialysed CRF children and renal graft recipients (P<0.001). ET-1 concentrations were similar in normal children and normal adults. ET-1 was inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate in non-haemodialysed CRF children (r=–0.39,P<0.01) and positively correlated with extracellular volume in haemodialysed children (r=0.435,P<0.03). After haemodialysis, ET-1 increased in 6 and decreased in 8 of the 14 children studied before and after a haemodialysis session.     

胆囊结石与胆囊收缩素受体(CCK-A)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)的关系研究

目的探讨胆囊动力学异常在胆囊结石形成中的作用.方法随意选择胆囊结石患者35例,胆囊息肉样病变患者25例,正常对照30例.B超测空腹胆囊容积.放射免疫法测定血浆中血管活性肠肽(VIP)的浓度,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(rt-PCR)法测胆囊黏膜中胆囊收缩素(CCK-A)受体表达数目.结果①胆囊结石组胆囊空腹体积明显大于其它两组(F=3.45,P=0.039);②胆囊结石组胆囊收缩率明显低于其它两组 (F=5.747,P=0.005);③三组之间餐后VIP升高量无明显差异 (F=0.768,P=0.47);④胆囊结石组胆囊收缩素(CCK-A)受体表达明显低于胆囊息肉样病变组(t′=4.390,P=0.022),差异具有显著性.结论①胆囊结石组空腹胆囊体积增大与其胆囊结石形成有关; ②胆囊结石组胆囊收缩功能下降导致结石形成;③胆囊收缩素(CCK-A)受体表达低,使胆囊收缩功能减弱,促进胆囊结石的形成;④血管活性肠肽(VIP)与胆囊结石的形成无明显关系.     

心血管疾病血清甲状腺激素测定的临床意义

本文用放射免疫分析(RIA)法,对348例心血管疾病患者及40例正常者进行了血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)、甲状腺素(T_4)、游离甲状腺激素(FT_3、FT_4)及促甲状腺众素(TSH)测定。结果心血管疾病患者出现血清T_3、FT_3值下降,部分伴有T_4值下降,FT_4及TSH值正常,表明甲状腺激素浓度可因所患非甲状腺疾病发生改变。     

Use of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human thyrotropin in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism

A sensitive, simultaneous sandwich enzyme immunoassay for TSH was evaluated especially for its ability to distinguish hyperthyroid patients from the euthyroid population. A total of 140 patient samples was analzyed by this assay as well as with a two-step sandwich radioimmunoassay. The diagnostic sensitivity of the thyrotropin assay was 92.5% and the specificity was 88%. False negatives by thyrotropin assay included two patients with Graves' disease who were being treated with propranolol at the time of testing and one patient who was considered hyperthyroid while receiving synthroid. Twelve patients with elevated free thyroxine index levels were considered euthyroid and 50% of these had thyrotropin values that were undetectable; most were elderly patients with nonthyroidal illnesses. Although the thyrotropin enzyme immunoassay had good sensitivity and precision for the detection of hyperthyroidism, our data suggest the limitation of a single thyrotropin determination in establishing the euthyroid state, especially in elderly patients with associated nonthyroidal illnesses and hyperthyroxinemia.     

An explanation of the noncorrespondence between assessment methods of cyclosporin

Various methods of determining cyclosporin (CyA) levels in patients after kidney transplantation were compared. These included polyclonal antibody (pcAb-), specific and nonspecific monoclonal antibody (S- and NmcAb-) radioimmunoassays (RIA), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained by the various methods when compared showed some correlation but did not correspond. A probable explanation for part of this noncorrespondence is the presence of monoclonally crossreactive metabolites (CyA-M). Another reason was that the concentration of CyA in the standards supplied with the RIA kits was found to be higher than stated.     

男性胆囊结石患者血清性激素和前列腺素改变的探讨

借助RIA,对28例胆囊结石男性(平均57.5岁)及26名健康中、老年男性(平均63.3岁)进行了血清雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮、睾酮和前列腺素类(PGs)检测,以探索胆石形成机理。结果,1)在胆石男病人中.平均E_2和平均孕酮水平均高,他们的平均睾酮则低下,与健康对照男性相应诸值比较,差异非常显著或显著(P<0.001,0.05,0.05);2)至于平均PGs,胆石男性组者与健康对照男性相比,前者也相当高(23.01pg/ml对16.31pg/ml),只是两组间差异尚无统计学意义。作者等初步设想,胆石男性小,如同胆石女性那般,本症也可能是某种垂体性腺激素分泌紊乱性疾病。     

高灵敏orexin A放免法的建立及其对大鼠缺血再灌注的应用

建立高灵敏orexinA放射免疫分析方法 (RIA) ,探讨肠缺血再灌注损伤对血浆及下丘脑orexinA水平的影响。采用氯胺T法制备碘标记orexinA ,抗原抗体反应采用平衡一步法 ,4℃温育 2 4h后 ,经PR试剂分离结合和游离的标记抗原 ,并用该方法测量正常人、高血脂患者血浆orexinA水平及大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤后血浆及下丘脑组织中orexinA浓度的变化。结果表明 ,本方法测定orexinA标准曲线范围为 2 1 - 2 0 0 0 pg/mL ,最低检出量为 2 1 pg/mL ,批内和批间变异系数均小于 1 0 %。 30名正常人血浆orexinA水平为 338.4 8± 2 0 .2 4 pg/mL ,30例高血脂患者为 343.5 1± 1 5 .4 9pg/mL ;大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤前后及不同损伤时间点orexinA的变化差异亦无显著性。本文提示orexinARIA方法灵敏度和特异性较高 ,可用于人血浆、大鼠血浆和下丘脑组织orexinA的检测     

缺血性股骨头坏死患者血清透明质酸及层粘连蛋白的研究

为探讨细胞外间质主要成分透明质酸（ＨＡ）与层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）在缺血性股骨头坏死（ＩＮＦＨ）中的生理病理过程及临床价值，采用放射免疫分析法对４５例不同病因的ＩＮＦＨ患者进行了血清ＨＡ与ＬＮ的定量分析，并与３０例正常人对照。结果显示，ＩＮＦＨ患者血清ＨＡ含量极显著地高于对照组（ｔ＝３－２９；Ｐ＜０－０１）。尤以激素性ＩＮＦＮ增高最为显著（ｔ＝３－６２；Ｐ＜０－０１）。ＩＮＦＨ患者ＬＮ含量亦明显高于对照组（ｔ＝２－８４；Ｐ＜０－０１）。同时，ＨＡ与ＬＮ含量增高与病程发展密切相关。故定量检测ＨＡ与ＬＮ可作为ＩＮＦＨ早期诊断及判断预后的良好指标     

Digoxinbestimmung mit Enzymimmunoassay und Radioimmunoassay

Zusammenfassung Digoxin-Konzentrationen in Patientenseren wurden parallel mittels Enzymimmunoassay (EMIT-EIA) und Radioimmunoassay (RIA,¹²⁵J markiert) bestimmt und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen. Im unselektierten Patientenmaterial (n=104) bestanden teilweise erhebliche Bestimmungsunterschiede; die mit dem EIA gemessenen Konzentrationen waren signifikant kleiner (1,09±0,99 ng/ml für EIA, 1,34±1,01 ng/ml für RIA,p<0,01). Hämolytische, lipämische und urämische Seren hatten falsch negative Ergebnisse im EIA; nach Elimination dieser Seren resultierte eine gute Übereinstimmung der Meßwerte mit beiden Methoden (1,12±1,01 ng/ml für EIA, 1,12±1,02 ng/ml für RIA,r=0,95,n=63).