核辐射突发事件气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件的研发

目的：研发气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件,为在核辐射突发事件发生后能够快速、准确地计算出气载放射性物质的扩散范围。方法：以高斯模式为计算基础,在考虑重力沉降、地面反射和放射性衰变等因素的条件下,进行大气弥散计算。结果：设计并研发出核辐射突发事件气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件,以表格、制图和下风向坐标点设置等形式给出计算结果。结论：该软件可有效降低气载放射性物质扩散计算的难度,满足核辐射突发事件应急响应的需要。     

Antioxidant effects of vitamin D on lacrimal glands against high dose radioiodine-associated damage in an animal model

Purpose: To evaluate antioxidant effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) against high-dose radioiodine (RAI) therapy-associated damage of lacrimal gland.

Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were used and divided into three groups randomly (n?=?12/group). The first group was appointed as the negative control group and received no RAI or medication. The second group was appointed as the positive control group that only received 3?mCi/kg (111 MBq/kg) RAI via gastric gavage and the last group was the treatment group that received 3?mCi/kg RAI via same method and calcitriol (200?ng/kg/day) via intraperitoneal administration. Seven days after RAI administration, bilateral intraorbital (IG), extraorbital (EG) and Harderian (HG) glands were removed for the evaluations of histopathologic, tissue cytokine, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS).

Results: RAI led to significant increase in tissue TOS, TNF-α, IL-6 levels and significant decrease in IL-10 and TAS levels (p?p?p?p?=?0.049), periductal fibrosis in EG and HG (p?=?0.049 and 0.038, respectively), abnormal cell outlines in EG and HG (p?=?0.020 and 0.011, respectively) and variation in cell size in the IG and the HG (p?=?0.003 and 0.049 respectively).

Conclusions: RAI caused significant oxidative stress and inflammation in lacrimal glands. Vitamin D demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and radio-protective effects on lacrimal glands in histopathologic, tissue cytokine and oxidant/antioxidant level evaluations.     

能级循环培训对精神科护士自我效能感的影响

目的探讨对精神科护士实施能级循环培训的方法及效果。方法运用提高自我效能感途径的方法,对本院98名精神科护士进行为期1年的能级循环培训,于培训前后用一般自我效能感量表和护士压力源量表进行评分比较。结果精神科护士培训后护士压力源量表各方面评分均低于培训前,自我效能感平均得分高于培训前,培训前后比较差异有显著统计学意义(t=2.53~9.93,P0.05或0.01)。结论能级循环培训能够减轻精神科护士的工作压力,提高精神科护士的自我效能感,从而提高工作能力。     

Levels of Evidence for the Outcome of Regenerative Endodontic Therapy

Introduction

The aim of this systematic review was to assign levels of evidence (LOEs) to existing clinical articles related to the outcome of regenerative endodontic therapy and to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of this treatment modality.

Methods

Electronic search was executed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases by using appropriate Medical Subject Headings terms covering the period from January 1993 to December 2013. Additional publications from hand-searching and reference section of each relevant article enriched the article list. The LOE of each article was assessed according to guidelines provided by the Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine. Quality assessment of the observational studies was executed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results

Fifty-one relevant publications were included in this review. There were 2 high-level cohort studies (LOE 2), 8 case series (LOE 4), and 41 case reports (LOE 5). The vast majority of the treated teeth in those publications showed resolution of clinical signs, symptoms, and periapical radiolucencies at follow-up period. Furthermore, the majority of treated teeth presented further increase in root length and root wall thickness and apical closure at the follow-up period. However, because of lack of sufficient high-level evidence it was not possible to answer totally the review question and determine definitely the outcome of regenerative endodontic therapy.

Conclusions

The lack of adequate high-level studies that could possibly strengthen the satisfactory current data and allow practicing more evidence-based dentistry constitutes a significant knowledge gap in the endodontic literature. However, the current best available evidence undeniably allows clinicians to provide this treatment modality safely to patients.     

放射性颌骨坏死的术式选择及疗效评价

目的：探讨经济有效的治疗放射性颌骨坏死（RONJ）的手术方式。方法77例RONJ根据颌骨坏死的范围、软组织条件选择不同治疗方式。方案1：骨坏死范围局限,牙龈及周围软组织无明显炎症的采用局部刮治或方块切除术;方案2：骨坏死范围较大、周围软组织炎症明显和（或）伴有明显纤维化的病例在控制炎症后,扩大切除同时行血管化游离复合组织瓣修复。结果21例采用方案1,其中15例一期愈合、6例行二次刮治或方块切除;56例采用方案2,其中软组织条件较好的30例,22例一期愈合,5例延期愈合,3例发生骨组织瓣血管危象,经探查和再吻合后1例正常愈合,2例仍发生组织瓣坏死;软组织炎症明显或伴有局部组织明显纤维化26例中,7例出现骨组织瓣血管危象,探查和再吻合后5例正常,2例出现骨坏死,9例一期愈合,15例局部出现不同程度软组织感染坏死,延期愈合。结论局限性放射性颌骨坏死可采用刮治或方块切除;骨坏死范围较大、软组织条件较好的采用血管化游离组织瓣进行修复;软组织纤维化明显的失败率较高,临床使用时应综合多方因素考虑。     

临沂市放射诊疗资源配置现况调查

目的 了解临沂市放射诊疗资源配置现状,为卫生行政部门进一步优化资源配置提供数据支撑.方法 对全市所有开展放射诊疗的医院进行普查,用SPSS软件对数据进行统计分析.结果 临沂市共有放射诊疗机构305家,放射诊疗设备943台,市民平均每万人拥有放射诊疗设备0.89台,每家机构拥有放射诊疗设备平均数市区是县区的1.48倍.全...     

输卵管妊娠放射介入治疗后临床观察和护理

目的 探讨输卵管妊娠放射介入治疗的临床观察和护理措施,提高治疗效果、防止并发症的发生.方法 掌握输卵管妊娠放射介入治疗的生理心理特点,术后对病人进行生命体征、穿刺部位、腹痛和发热等情况的详细观察及护理.结果 38例输卵管妊娠患者经放射介入治疗后,34例成功.尽管有4例不成功,但由于对患者病情观察仔细、护理得当,医生及时行了剖腹探查术,也全部治愈出院.结论 重视输卵管妊娠放射介入治疗后穿刺部位和腹痛情况的早期观察(3～7天),避免并发症的发生.     

NiTi放射性支架置入兔腹主动脉后对平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的　观察NiTi放射性支架对平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法　在 76只家兔腹主动脉中分别置入放射与非放射性支架。用免疫组化法和TUNEL法观察放射性支架对平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果　 (1) 2周时放射与非放射性组新生内膜面积无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,1个月和 3个月时放射支架组新生内膜面积小于非放射性组 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )PCNA法测定平滑肌细胞增殖显示放射性组在各时间点PCNA表达低于非放射性组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(3)TUNEL法测定放射性组平滑肌细胞凋亡与对照组相比在 2周和 1个月时有显著差异 (P<0 0 5 ) ,在 3个月时两组平滑肌细胞凋亡无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　 (1)放射性支架可减少支架置入术后支架内新生内膜面积。 (2 )放射性支架可抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖。 (3)放射性支架促进血管平滑肌细胞凋亡     

The role of radioactive iodine in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer – An oncologic surgical perspective

With improved understanding of the biology of differentiated thyroid carcinoma its management is evolving. The approach to surgery for the primary tumour and elective nodal surgery is moving from a “one-size-fits-all” recommendation to a more personalised approach based on risk group stratification. With this selective approach to initial surgery, the indications for adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy are also changing. This selective approach to adjuvant therapy requires understanding by the entire treatment team of the rationale for RAI, the potential for benefit, the limitations of the evidence, and the potential for side-effects.This review considers the evidence base for the benefits of using RAI in the primary and recurrent setting as well as the side-effects and risks from RAI treatment. By considering the pros and cons of adjuvant therapy we present an oncologic surgical perspective on selection of treatment for patients, both following pre-operative diagnostic biopsy and in the setting of a post-operative diagnosis of malignancy.     

The Effect of Prostate Cancer Educational Program on the level of Knowledge and Intention to Screen among Jordanian Men in Amman

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prostate cancer educational program on the level of knowledge and intention to screen for prostate cancer among Jordanian men in Amman. Methods: A quasi-experimental, with nonequivalent control group design was used. 154 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups.  Level of Knowledge and intention to screen were measured at baseline and at 1 month after the application of the prostate cancer educational program. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed statistically significant change in the mean knowledge scores (8.7), p < 0.001 and the mean of intention to screen scores (3.71), p < 0.001, after 1 month from the application of the educational program in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Implementing prostate cancer educational programs help enhance knowledge and intention to screen among Jordanian men.