Serotonergic dysfunction, negative mood states, and response to alcohol

BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of central serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of alcoholism. Serotonergic dysfunction may be associated with three behavior patterns relevant for alcoholism: impulsive aggression, negative mood states, and a low response to alcohol intake. METHODS: We reviewed the literature on the psychopathological correlates of serotonergic dysfunction and focused on studies that assess the interaction between negative mood states and alcohol response. RESULTS: Prospective studies in nonhuman primates that underwent early separation stress found an association between a low serotonin turnover rate and the disposition to excessive alcohol intake and impulsive aggression. These findings seem to be relevant for a subgroup of alcoholics with a low serotonin turnover rate and antisocial personality traits. Cross-sectional data in humans also support a relationship between reduced serotonergic neurotransmission and aggressive behavior and indicate that the association of serotonergic dysfunction and aggression may be mediated by negative mood states. This hypothesis is in accordance with a large body of data linking anxiety and depression to serotonergic dysfunction. In human alcoholics, brain imaging has detected a reduction in serotonin transporter availability in association with depression. Serotonin transporter availability seems to be related to reduced GABA-ergic sedation and the acute response to alcohol intake, an important predictor of subsequent development of alcohol dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Several lines of evidence point to a relationship between serotonergic dysfunction, negative mood states, and excessive alcohol intake, which may be mediated in part by reduced alcohol-induced sedation.     

妇科肿瘤后装逆向调强放射治疗的剂量学和疗效研究

目的：探讨后装逆向调强放射治疗在妇科肿瘤治疗中的应用价值,为临床治疗的技术选择提供依据。方法：选取20例I-Ⅲ期宫颈癌患者,随机分为A、B两组,各10例。Ib期2例,Ⅱa期4例,Ⅱb期12例,Ⅲa期2例。病理分型：鳞癌16例,腺癌4例。以上诊断均经过病理学证实。平均年龄55．67岁（32岁一65岁）。A组病例行后装逆向调强放射治疗,采用InversePlanningSimulatedAnnealing（IPSA）技术进行剂量优化设计,B组病例行三维适形后装放射治疗。A、B组患者均采用3根施源器．进行腔内照射并同步箱式四野等中心外照射,剂量为46Gy／23次。依据曼彻斯特剂量学系统,给予A点（宫口上2cm,宫腔中轴线左右旁开2em处为A点位置）处方剂量6Gy肷,照射次数5次,2次／周。对比分析A、B两组患者的靶区剂量分布,危及器官（直肠、膀胱）受量,放射性并发症及近期疗效。结果：A组患者的靶区剂量适形度和均匀性均好于B组患者。患者0．5年～1．0年的肿瘤局部和区域控制率：A组患者分别为96％（95％CI,85％～99％）和95％（95％CI,81％～99％）。B组患者局分别为93％（95％CI,85％-99％）和92％（95％CI,81％-99％）。危及器官（直肠、膀胱）受量：A组患者的直肠、膀胱最大受量比B组患者小约35％。A组患者的直肠、膀胱75％处方剂量受照体积v。约只为B组患者的二分之一。放射性并发症：RTOG1级反应：A组患者为1例,B组患者为6例。RTOG2级反应：A组患者为0例,B组患者为3例。RTOG3级反应：A组患者为0例,B组患者为1例。近期疗效：在A、B组患者放疗期间及治疗结束后,几乎所有患者的肿瘤均有不同程度的缩小,有效率（CR＋PR）均为92％以上。结论：后装逆向调强放射治疗技术具有近期疗效明显,靶区剂量适形度、均匀性好,危及器官受量低,放射性并发症少等优点,值得在妇科肿瘤治疗中广泛应用。     

手术导航系统辅助下放射粒子植入治疗眶尖周、颅底肿瘤的探索

目的:将手术导航系统与放射性粒子内照射治疗相结合,探索更高精度植入125I放射粒子的方法,从而更加安全有效地控制已累及颅底及眶尖周的口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤。方法:肿瘤侵及颅底、眶尖周的腺样囊性癌患者11例,术前进行MRI扫描。术中运用BrainLAB手术导航系统定位并引导手术进行。结果:术中避免了颅脑及眶内组织损伤。完成了放射粒子组织内均匀分布,定位准确,无一例出现颅脑损伤及视力影响,治疗有效率(response rate,RR)达100%,疗效确切。结论:手术导航系统辅助下进行颅底眶尖周放射粒子植入是精确、安全的,有条件的情况下可考虑采用。     

An Evaluation of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory in an Australian Community Corrections Environment

Risk assessments are crucial in aiding criminal justice practitioners because they provide a standardized instrument that aims to identify risk factors that may influence whether an individual will reoffend. This helps to tailor an offender's case-management program to ensure offenders are accessing the appropriate services and interventions and to keep the community safe from future reoffending. The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity and predictive utility of the LS/CMI in a sample of Australian offenders. The results indicate that the LS/CMI has a weak discriminative ability for non-Indigenous males. However, it predicts recidivism in non-Indigenous female offenders at an accuracy level no greater than chance. This finding should be interpreted with caution due to the small female offender sample size. These findings for non-Indigenous offenders are consistent with previous Australian and international research. It also highlights the importance of validating risk assessments for specific populations.     

RGD多肽修饰同种异体骨表面密度的放射性示踪研究

 目的 探讨应用¹²⁵I标记RGD多肽的放射性示踪方法测定RGD多肽在同种异体骨片表面的枝接密度的可行性。探寻RGD多肽反应浓度对表面密度的影响,获得RGD表面密度与反应浓度的关系曲线。方法 用放射性¹²⁵I对人工合成的含RGD八肽(EPRGDNYR)进行标记反应,并测算比放射性。将标记后的¹²⁵I－RGD作为放射性探针加入设计浓度分别为0.01 mg/ml、0.10 mg/ml、0.50 mg/ml、1.00 mg/ml、2.00 mg/ml、4.00 mg/ml的RGD反应液。以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)碳二亚胺为交联剂,将预制的同种异体骨片置于不同设计浓度的RGD反应液中进行枝接反应。通过测定反应后的异体骨片的放射性和表面积,计算异体骨片表面RGD多肽的枝接密度,评价RGD多肽反应浓度对表面密度的影响并绘制二者的关系曲线。结果 通过放射密度γ－计数器的测定发现,125I能够成功标记于RGD多肽。以含有¹²⁵I－RGD的不同设计浓度的RGD反应液与预制的同种异体骨片进行枝接反应后,发现同种异体骨片具有放射性,说明RGD多肽已经成功枝接于异体骨片。经分析发现RGD多肽的表面密度随反应浓度的增加而增加。结论 RGD多肽的表面密度与其反应浓度间定量相关,随反应浓度的增长,表面密度逐渐趋于饱和值。     

阿尔茨海默病大鼠海马胆固醇水平升高对tau蛋白磷酸化程度增加的影响

目的观察海马胆固醇含量升高后tau蛋白磷酸化程度的变化,探讨其在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中可能的作用。方法水迷宫训练大鼠7 d筛选合格大鼠后,海马直接注射不同剂量胆固醇,72 h后水迷宫检测行为学变化,并以免疫印迹和免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠海马tau蛋白磷酸化水平。结果注射胆固醇后72 h,中高剂量组大鼠水迷宫潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01),tau蛋白PHF-1位点磷酸化水平明显增高(P<0.01),tau-1明显降低(P<0.01),总tau蛋白(R134d)无明显变化。结论海马胆固醇水平升高可导致tau蛋白磷酸化程度增加,可能参与AD的形成。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者α-干扰素治疗前后血清脂联素水平的变化

目的 观察慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者α-干扰素治疗前后血清脂联素水平的变化,探讨其与α-干扰素应答的关系.方法 31例男性CHB患者接受α-干扰素治疗6个月,治疗前及治疗结束应用EHSA法检测血清脂联素水平,同时检测肝功能、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、HBV DNA等.测量人体身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI).以20例男性健康体检者为正常对照组.结果 CHB患者血清脂联素水平明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).治疗后干扰素应答组血清脂联素水平显著降低,应答组与不应答组α-干扰素治疗前脂联素水平无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 CHB患者血清脂联素水平与肝脏炎症活动相关,但不能作为α-干拢素应答的预测因素.     

RETRACTED: Early outcome of arthroscopic Bankart's repair for Recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability

Background/objectives

Despite the improvements in the methods of arthroscopic stabilization of anterior shoulder instability, a recurrence rate of as high as 30% is reported in the literature. In this context, we report the outcome of arthroscopic Bankart repair in anterior shoulder instability, with the use of bio-absorbable suture anchors for patients that were followed up for at least two years from the date of surgery.The arthroscopic method offers a less invasive technique of Bankart repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. We would like to report the 2-year clinical outcomes of bio-absorbable suture anchors used in traumatic anterior dislocations of the shoulder.

Methods

Data from 79 shoulders in 74 patients were collected over 4 years (2005–2009). Each patient was followed up over a period of 2 years. The patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair using bio-absorbable suture anchors for their anterior shoulder instability. These surgeries were performed at a single institution by a single surgeon over the time period. The patients were assessed with two different outcome measurement tools. The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score. The scores were calculated before surgery and at the 2-year follow-up. The recurrence rates, range of motion as well post-operative function and return to sporting activities were evaluated.

Results

SST results from the 12 domains showed a significant improvement from a mean of 6.1 ± 3.1 to 11.1 ± 1.8 taken at the 2-year follow-up (p < 0.0001). Data from the UCLA scale showed a pre and post-operative mean of 20.2 ± 5.0 and 32.4 ± 4.6 respectively (p < 0.0001). 34 had excellent post-operative scores, 35 had good scores, 1 had fair score and 3 had poor scores. 75% of the patients returned to sports while 7.6% developed a recurrence of shoulder dislocation or subluxation.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic Bankart repair with the use of suture anchors is a reliable treatment method, with good clinical outcomes, excellent post-operative shoulder motion and low recurrence rates.     

125Ⅰ粒子植入术后密切接触者辐射剂量的监测及防护

目的 探讨125Ⅰ粒子植入术后密切接触者受照射的有效剂量及其警戒时间、安全距离.方法 术后24h内,采用袖珍辐射仪监测30例患者距粒子植入部位垂直距离30、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120、130、140、150 cm处(模拟密切接触者)受照剂量率,并根据公式计算各人群各距离受照有效剂量、警戒时间及安全距离.结果 与患者同床成人、同事、同住未成人及孕妇、同住成人的警戒时间分别为108、78、55、0d.相对应者安全距离及此距离的有效剂量分别为:60 cm和(3.22±1.97) mSv、140 cm和(0.516 ±0.225) mSv、120 cm和(0.612±0.306) mSv、100 cm和(0.938±0.509) mSv.结论 3.5个月内各人群与术后患者接触则需采取时间、距离等防护措施;3.5个月之后不必采用防护措施.