Associations Among GABRG1, Level of Response to Alcohol, and Drinking Behaviors

Background:  Recent studies of the genetics of alcoholism have focused on a cluster of genes encoding for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA_A) receptor subunits, which is thought to play a role in the expression of addiction phenotypes. This study examined allelic associations between 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GABRG1 gene (rs1391166 and rs1497571) and alcohol phenotypes, namely level of response to alcohol, alcohol use patterns, and alcohol-related problems.
Method:  Participants were non-treatment-seeking seeking hazardous drinkers ( n  = 124) who provided DNA samples, participated in a face-to-face interview for level of response to alcohol, and completed a series of drinking and individual differences measures.
Results:  Analyses revealed that a SNP of the GABRG1 gene (rs1497571) was associated with level of response to alcohol and drinking patterns in this subclinical sample. Follow-up mediational analyses were also conducted to examine putative mechanisms underlying these associations.
Discussion:  These findings replicate and extend recent research suggesting that genetic variation at the GABRG1 locus may underlie the expression of alcohol phenotypes, including level of response to alcohol.     

SFE-AFCE-SFMN 2022 Consensus on the management of thyroid nodules : What is the role of functional imaging and isotopic treatment?

The SFE-AFCE-SFMN 2022 consensus deals with the management of thyroid nodules, a condition that is a frequent reason for consultation in endocrinology. In more than 90% of cases, patients are euthyroid, with benign non-progressive nodules that do not warrant specific treatment. The clinician's objective is to detect malignant thyroid nodules at risk of recurrence and death, toxic nodules responsible for hyperthyroidism or compressive nodules warranting treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules requires close collaboration between endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians and surgeons, but also involves other specialists. Therefore, this consensus statement was established jointly by 3 societies: the French Society of Endocrinology (SFE), French Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) and French Society of Nuclear Medicine (SFMN); the various working groups included experts from other specialties (pathologists, radiologists, pediatricians, biologists, etc.). This section deals with the role of thyroid scintigraphy in the diagnosis of autonomous thyroid nodules, nuclear medicine in nodules with indeterminate cytology and iodine treatment for autonomous thyroid nodules.     

Improving Radiology Report Quality by Rapidly Notifying Radiologist of Report Errors

Radiology report errors occur for many reasons including the use of pre-filled report templates, wrong-word substitution, nonsensical phrases, and missing words. Reports may also contain clinical errors that are not specific to the speech recognition including wrong laterality and gender-specific discrepancies. Our goal was to create a custom algorithm to detect potential gender and laterality mismatch errors and to notify the interpreting radiologists for rapid correction. A JavaScript algorithm was devised to flag gender and laterality mismatch errors by searching the text of the report for keywords and comparing them to parameters within the study’s HL7 metadata (i.e., procedure type, patient sex). The error detection algorithm was retrospectively applied to 82,353 reports 4 months prior to its development and then prospectively to 309,304 reports 15 months after implementation. Flagged reports were reviewed individually by two radiologists for a true gender or laterality error and to determine if the errors were ultimately corrected. There was significant improvement in the number of flagged reports (pre, 198/82,353 [0.24 %]; post, 628/309,304 [0.20 %]; P = 0.04) and reports containing confirmed gender or laterality errors (pre, 116/82,353 [0.014 %]; post, 285/309,304 [0.09 %]; P < 0.0001) after implementing our error notification system. The number of flagged reports containing an error that were ultimately corrected improved dramatically after implementing the notification system (pre, 17/116 [15 %]; post, 239/285 [84 %]; P < 0.0001). We developed a successful automated tool for detecting and notifying radiologists of potential gender and laterality errors, allowing for rapid report correction and reducing the overall rate of report errors.     

Safety assessment for octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (CAS Reg. No. 2082-79-3) from use in food contact applications

Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (CAS Reg. No. 2082-79-3), currently marketed as Irganox 1076 (I-76), is a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant used in a variety of organic substrates, including those used in the manufacture of food contact articles. In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), Office of Food Additive Safety (OFAS), initiated a post-market re-evaluation of the food contact applications of I-76. This project aimed to ensure that current dietary exposures from the use of I-76 in food contact articles are accurately captured and the safety assessment considered all relevant and available toxicological information. To accomplish these aims, the USFDA reviewed the available toxicological studies and chemistry information on food contact applications of I-76. Based on this in-depth analysis, a NOAEL of 64 mg/kg-bw/d (female rats) from a chronic rat study and a cumulative estimated dietary intake (CEDI) of 4.5 mg/p/d, was used to calculate a margin of exposure (MOE) of ∼850. We concluded that the previous and current exposure levels provide an adequate margin of safety (MOS) and remain protective of human health for the regulated uses.     

水源放射性污染智能防护系统的研制与应用

目的:研制一种核医学水源放射性污染智能防护系统,以有效控制民用放射性污水的排放,减少公共环境污染。方法:根据国家有关水源放射性管理规定对放射性废水的处理标准,应用计算机技术和电离辐射传感技术,自主研制一种智能化的放射性水源污染防护系统。结果:该系统无需人工干预,可实时防护放射性水污染,保障排放的废水放射性浓度<3.7×102Bq/L。结论:水源放射性污染智能防护系统可实现放射性废水排放的智能化和自动化,保证所排放废水的放射性浓度水平符合国家标准要求。     

特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统的开发与应用

目的:开发特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统,提高特殊使用级抗菌药物的临床使用水平,降低细菌耐药率。方法:利用易语言和数据库技术,建立特殊使用级抗菌药物合理性评分表,特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统。对2010年1-6月和2013年1-6月特殊使用级抗菌药物使用病历的越级使用情况、病原微生物送检情况、抗菌药物使用合理性(药物选择、用法用量、联合用药)、会诊单例数、平均使用金额和特殊使用级抗菌药物使用强度进行回顾性统计并分析。结果:系统实现了特殊使用级抗菌药物处方点评功能,系统应用后抗菌药物越级使用率从14.9%下降至2.3%(P=0.000);病原微生物送检率从47.3%提高至93.9%(P=0.000);抗菌药物选择合理率从88.1%上升至96.9%(P=0.000);会诊单申请率从40.2%提高至97.3%(P=0.000)。特殊使用级抗菌药物使用强度从164.3下降至84.2(P=0.042);平均使用金额从1 210.4元下降至964.1元(P=0.032)。结论:特殊使用级抗菌药物点评系统提高了特殊使用级抗菌药物管理水平,有效地降低了特殊使用级抗菌药物费用支出。