海上采油平台人员心理健康状况及影响因素

目的 了解中国近海采油平台人员心理健康状况及相关影响因素.方法 以中海油某采油平台员工196人为研究对象,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、营养知识-态度-行为量表(KAP)、应激量表、体力活动问卷(IPAQ)短问卷及一般情况调查表对测试对象进行调查;同时进行体格和生化指标检查.结果 SCL-90问卷结果显示,采油平台员工总分为(130.72±37.37)分,抑郁、焦虑、精神病3个因子分别为(1.63±0.50)、(1.53±0.57)、(1.45±0.49)分,明显高于中国成人常模(P<0.05);SAS和SDS问卷结果显示,被调查对象中焦虑心理阳性76人,占38.8%;抑郁心理阳性57人,占29.1%;多因素Logistic回归分析,采油平台员工心理健康的影响因素主要是职业压力、海上环境适应和生活充实程度;焦虑的影响因素主要是海上环境适应、营养健康意识、体力活动状况和生活充实程度;抑郁的影响因素主要是体力活动状况、生活充实程度、营养相关慢性病和倒班对生物节律的影响.结论 海上采油平台员工存在不同程度的心理健康问题,应通过心理、营养和运动综合干预加以改善.     

建筑工人艾滋病知识知晓率调查分析

目的了解建筑工人艾滋病知识知晓情况,以便更好地有针对性地开展该类人群艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育。方法在广西灵山县灵城选取5所建筑工地1000名民工进行艾滋病知识调查。结果建筑民工对AIDS知识的总知晓率为59.0%,对3种传播途径的知晓率为66.2%,对AIDS的非传播途径总知晓率为47.3%。结论建筑民工对AIDS知识的总知晓率（59%）离中国艾滋病2010年行动计划要求达85%以上还有很大差距,对流动人口艾滋病知识的宣传还要加强。     

The healthy workplace project: Reduced viral exposure in an office setting

Viral illnesses such as gastroenteritis and the common cold create a substantial burden in the workplace due to reduced productivity, increased absenteeism, and increased health care costs. Behaviors in the workplace contribute to the spread of human viruses via direct contact between hands, contaminated surfaces, and the mouth, eyes, and/or nose. This study assessed whether implementation of the Healthy Workplace Project (HWP) (providing hand sanitizers, disinfecting wipes, facial tissues, and use instructions) would reduce viral loads in an office setting of approximately 80 employees after seeding fomites and the hands of volunteer participants with an MS-2 phage tracer. The HWP significantly reduced viable phage detected on participants’ hands, communal fomites, and personal fomites (p ≤ .010) in office environments and presents a cost-effective method for reducing the health and economic burden associated with viral illnesses in the workplace.     

Musculoskeletal pain,depression, and stress among Latino manual laborers in North Carolina

The jobs of Latino manual laborers place their mental and physical health at risk. This study evaluates the associations among musculoskeletal pain, mental health, and work organization in Latino manual laborers. Farmworkers and nonfarmworkers (n = 189) in North Carolina were interviewed for self-reported musculoskeletal pain, depressive symptoms, stress, work safety climate, and precarious job status. More nonfarmworkers than farmworkers had neck and shoulder pain, but they did not differ in other areas of musculoskeletal pain. Depressive symptoms had a significant association with neck and shoulder pain (p < .05). Precariousness had a significant association with back pain (p < .05). Farmworker participants had H-2A visas and were afforded some protection compared to nonfarmworker manual workers. Research is needed to improve policy that relieves pain and improves mental health for all Latino manual workers.     

Peer workers’ perceptions and experiences of barriers to implementation of peer worker roles in mental health services: A literature review

ObjectivesTo identify peer workers’ perceptions and experiences of barriers to implementation of peer worker roles in mental health services.DesignReview of qualitative and quantitative studies.Data sourcesA comprehensive electronic database search was conducted between October 2014 and December 2015 in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and PsycARTICLES. Additional articles were identified through handsearch.Review methodsAll articles were assessed on quality. A thematic analysis informed by a multi-level approach was adopted to identify and discuss the main themes in the individual studies. Reporting was in line with the ‘Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research’ statement.ResultsEighteen articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies adopted qualitative research methods, of which three studies used additional quantitative methods. Peer workers’ perceptions and experiences cover a range of themes including the lack of credibility of peer worker roles, professionals’ negative attitudes, tensions with service users, struggles with identity construction, cultural impediments, poor organizational arrangements, and inadequate overarching social and mental health policies.ConclusionsThis review can inform policy, practice and research from the unique perspective of peer workers. Mental health professionals and peer workers should enter into an alliance to address barriers in the integration of peer workers and to enhance quality of service delivery. Longitudinal research is needed to determine how to address barriers in the implementation of peer worker roles.     

Musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors among African hair braiders

African hair braiders are potentially subject to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) because they perform repetitive hand motions for many hours a day together with prolonged standing and/or prolonged sitting. A complete enumeration of African hair braiders was attempted in Oklahoma City (OKC) and Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW). Braiders were identified through the channels they typically use to offer services to clients. Potential risk factors and symptoms of WMSDs were assessed using an oral interview. Participation rates were 95% (18/19) in OKC and 83% (83/101) in DFW. More than 75% of braiders reported discomfort in the fingers, wrist/hand, upper back, and lower back. In multivariate analysis, years worked as a braider but not age was a significant risk factor (p < 0.005) for reported pain in the wrist/hand, time spent sitting during the work day was found to be a significant predictor (p < 0.05) of upper back pain and lower back pain, and time spent sitting and time spent standing during the work day were both significant predictors (p < 0.05) of shoulder pain. Braiders in OKC, where licensing requirements were stricter, were significantly more likely than braiders in DFW to work at home (67% vs. 4%, p < 0.001) and to report pain in the lower leg (p < 0.005) and ankle/foot (p < 0.05). The close-knit nature of the African hair braiding community makes it an appealing candidate for community-based participatory research aimed at further elucidating occupational health concerns and reducing risk.