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991.
L. Kebbon 《Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR》1997,41(2):120-125
The most spectacular contribution from the nordic countries to intellectual disability policy is probably the idea of normalization, but it is not the simplistic notion that can be inferred from international debate. Its major significance may have been to act as an inspiring catchword for the important trend away from institutions Into integrated living. However, it is more fully understood when seen in the concrete context where It has successively developed, and been critically analysed and tested in operation. Scandinavian sociologists and psychologists—as well as politicians—were also among the first to use the concept of quality of life for analysis of social policy, including intellectual disability. The primary medium for implementation has been legislation, where the dominant difficulty is to find a balance between security and freedom, protection and self-determination. Through this process, the role of social engineering in the welfare state, based on humanistic ideas of solidarity, can be followed into today's emphasis on individual influence and participation. 相似文献
992.
从自由基生物学角度评价鸡肉质量的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文把外观健康和非健康的活鸡各20只分成两组,宰后测其肝、腿肌中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)水平,发现两组中上述指标值差异显著(P<0.050 ;同时对两组实验鸡胴体在宰后4小时做了感官鉴别,也判断出其品质存在差异。提示体内SOD活性和MDA水平可以反映鸡肉质量,比感官鉴别更具敏感性,同时也可以反映宰前鸡的健康状况。 相似文献
993.
The involvement of children in research studies is historically fraught with difficulties. Experiments on children without their consent or knowledge have been carried out in the past and thus the need for stringent ethical control is undoubtedly necessary. However this paper argues that the need to protect children from unethical research has somehow become entwined in the web of secrecy that surrounds the very nature of child abuse. In the name of 'protection' are children in danger of not having their voice heard?
In the foreword to 'Listening to Children' (Alderson, 1995) Roger Singleton writes, 'much research is carried out on and about children, but seldom with children. Children themselves are often strangely silent'. This paper draws on recent literature on the institutional abuse of young people in residential care and the lack of voice that those abused in residential care have traditionally had, suggesting that their silence is not 'strange' but perhaps contrived.
This paper does not repeat the work of Alderson (1995) and make suggestions as to how research with children may best be carried out, but seeks to address the issues in relation to research with children who are in institutions. 相似文献
In the foreword to 'Listening to Children' (Alderson, 1995) Roger Singleton writes, 'much research is carried out on and about children, but seldom with children. Children themselves are often strangely silent'. This paper draws on recent literature on the institutional abuse of young people in residential care and the lack of voice that those abused in residential care have traditionally had, suggesting that their silence is not 'strange' but perhaps contrived.
This paper does not repeat the work of Alderson (1995) and make suggestions as to how research with children may best be carried out, but seeks to address the issues in relation to research with children who are in institutions. 相似文献
994.
依据乡村医生人力结构现状调查结果,就现阶段县级卫校在初级卫生保健中的作用及今后面向乡村医生办学的可行性作了具体的分析和探讨。结论是:提高质量,加强对在岗乡医进行系统化正规中专层次的职后复训,应是县级卫校今后1O年的最主要的任务。 相似文献
995.
A. G. Douglas-Jones H. Navabi J. M. Morgan B. Jasani 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1997,430(5):373-379
Immunocytochemically detectable MT and p53 have been found more commonly in comedo DCIS of the breast with high-grade cytology.
The aim of this study is to confirm these findings and to investigate the relationship between MT and p53 in a single large
series of cases of DCIS of the breast. To this end, 127 cases of DCIS were classified histologically according to architecture,
cytonuclear differentiation (grade), presence and extent of intraduct necrosis, and using the Van Nuys system. Sections were
immunostained for p53 and MT (E9) using established techniques, and the extent and intensity of staining were assessed semi-quantitively.
The results confirmed that there was generally more MT and p53 positivity in poorly differentiated (grade 3) DCIS with extensive
necrosis and that MT expression was greater in grade 2 lesions than p53 expression. However, overall there was no statistically
significant correlation between p53 and MT staining. The results indicate that MT and p53 overexpression may arise from independent
mechanisms in early breast neoplasia.
Received: 3 July 1996 / Accepted: 5 November 1996 相似文献
996.
目的了解临床标本中主要致病菌分布及敏感性分析,指导抗生素的选择及合理治疗方法对我院1994~1996年临床分离的1870株细菌的分布及敏感性、耐药性进行分析,1996年与1994年的结果进行比较,并将1995年的结果与北京地区5家教学医院同年的结果进行比较。结果分离菌株主要分布于呼吸道、消化道、泌尿道、血液及骨髓。G+菌占10.5%,G-菌占89.5%,占明显优势。沙门氏菌对头孢唑啉和哌拉西林的耐药性明显降低(P<0.01),大肠埃希氏菌对氨苄西林和氟嗪酸的耐药性明显增高(P<0.01),其余菌株无明显差异。抗生素敏感性覆盖率最高的是复达欣,其次为丁胺卡那,最低者氨苄西林。大肠埃希氏菌、假单胞菌对哌拉西林的耐药率,克雷伯杆菌属对西力欣的耐药率,肠肝菌属对哌拉西林的耐药率均高于北京地区。结论本组资料显示不断监测和分析菌丛的变化及对不同抗生素耐药性出现的频率和耐药谱至关重要。 相似文献
997.
腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝治疗多囊卵巢不孕症的临床研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的探讨腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝对多囊卵巢不孕症的治疗价值。方法151例腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝术(实验组)和151例开腹卵巢楔切术(对照组)治疗多囊卵巢不孕症配对对比研究。结果实验组的手术时间33.1±7.2min,术中失血15.6±4.7ml,总排卵率92.05%,总妊娠率49.67%,均优于对照组(P<0.01);术后雄激素、LH/FSH下降幅度小于对照组(P<0.01)。随时间推移,两组术后排卵巢、妊娠率均有下降倾向,而术后雄激素、LH/FSH则有逐渐回升的倾向。结论腹腔镜卵巢穿刺内凝术对多囊卵巢不孕症有较好的治疗效果 相似文献
998.
Rh血型不合新生儿溶血病检测方法及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
产前检测Rh,D因子及抗人球蛋白(coombs)试验是必要的。测定Rh,D因子及抗D滴度使用木瓜酶方法。通过对11261例孕妇常规检查Rh,D因子,发现D阴性74例。Rh,D阴性妇女占6.5‰。22例Rh,D阴性的孕妇所分娩的新生儿均为Rh,D阳性。其中2例孕妇血清抗D滴度为1∶32,病情严重,宫内输血无效,胎死宫内。初产妇13例,占59%。活产20例,存活率90%。Rh因子及抗人球蛋白试验方法简便、易行,一般医院均可进行。对有流产史、输血史的孕妇检查Rh因子是十分必要的。在有条件的医院,对Rh,D阴性的产妇分娩Rh,D阳性的新生儿之后,产妇应预防性注射抗D免疫球蛋白 相似文献
999.
本文报道手术治疗骨折不愈69例,根据骨折部位、关节功能、身体状况,采用了8种不同手术方法治疗,术后随访2~8年,治愈率96%。作者对骨折不愈合原因、手术方式的选择和并发症的处理进行讨论,提出了相应的预防措施。 相似文献
1000.
HIROKO NEBIKI TETSUO ARAKAWA KAZUHIDE HIGUCHI KENZO KOBAYASHI 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1997,12(2):109-114
The usefulness of dye-contrast endoscopy for the evaluation of the quality of gastric ulcer healing and the prediction of relapse was investigated. Sixty consenting patients whose ulcers healed during 3 months of treatment underwent endoscopy for the identification of the pattern of mucosal regeneration. Patients were monitored for relapses for up to 18 months after antiulcer therapy had ended. The pattern of regeneration was flat in 24 patients, nodular in 25 and intermediate in 11. Internal hypoechoic areas seen by endoscopic ultrasonography were less common and histological maturity was better in the patient group with the flat pattern compared with the patient group with the nodular pattern of mucosal regeneration. Prostaglandin E, synthesis was highest in the group with the flat pattern of mucosal regeneration and the relapse rate was lowest in this group. We conclude that the evaluation of the quality of ulcer healing is possible and that findings in individuals may aid the prediction of relapse for particular patients. 相似文献