Postural imbalance: An early sign in HIV-1 infected patients

Summary We have recorded postural performance in 50 HIV-infected patients in different stages of the disease (Walter Reed (WR) stages I–VI) by means of a force measuring platform. The results were compared with 50 age-matched controls. A significant instability was particularly evident when standing on an unstable foot support. In patients standing with eyes closed, postural sway was significantly higher in every patient group (WR I–II:P<0.02, WR III–V:P<0.001, WR VI:P<0.001). Patients in stage WR I–II showed no relevant neurological abnormalities. In agreement with other neurophysiological data in the literature we suggest that postural imbalance could be an early sign of central nervous system penetration of HIV. No correlation with electromyographic or cerebrospinal fluid findings could be found.     

Anale spitze Kondylome beim HIV-positiven Patienten

Zusammenfassung Seit Juli 1986 erfassen wir alle Patienten mit analen spitzen Kondylomen, prüfen den HIV-Status, sofern nicht bereits bekannt, and identifizieren das zugrunde liegende Human papilloma virus (HPV) mittels DNA-DNA-Hybridisierung (Southern-Blot). Von 70 erfaßten Patienten sind 39 seropositiv. Das Verhdltnis von Männern and Frauen beträgt 59 zu 11, bei seropositiven Patienten 35 zu 4 and bei seronegativen 24 zu 7. Das Durchschnittsalter liegt bei 28 respektive 31 Jahren. Der Anteil an Fixern and Homosexuellen liegt bei den Seropositiven signifikant höher. Nach der CDC-Klassifikation sind 17 Patienten im HIV-Stadium II, 11 im Stadium III and 10 im Stadium IV. Charakteristisch für die sero-positive Gruppe sind ausgedehnte Kondylomrasen auf der Rektalschleimhaut sowie rasant wachsende Restbefunde bei anfdnglich subtotaler Resektion zur Steno-seprophylaxe. Bei 65 Patienten wurde eine primdr radikale Resektion mit dem Elektrokauter vorgenommen. Ober-raschenderweise liegt die Rezidivquote bei Seronegativen höher, wobei das Rezidiv klein ist. Eine Hypothese dazu wird präsentiert. Postoperative Komplikationen traten nur in den HIV-Stadien III and IV auf. Wir empfehlen deshalb in diesen Stadien eine perioperative Antibiotika-prophylaxe. Die HPV-Identifikation ergab keine mit Malignität assoziierten Typen. Wir finden eine Häufung von HPV 11 bei seropositiven Patienten, deren Bedeutung uns nicht klar ist. Wir schlieen aus unseren Ergebnissen, daß, bei gegebener Operationsindikation, die primär radikale Abtragung der Kondylome mit dem Elektrokauter beim HIV-positiven Patienten notwendig ist and beim seronegativen ein sicheres Verfahren darstellt. In den HIV-Stadien III and IV ist eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe notwendig. Anale spitze Kondylome sind ein Hinweis auf eine mogliche HIV-Positivitdt.

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Anal codylomata acuminata in HIV-positive patients

Summary Since July 1986 we started with following all patients with condylomata acuminata including HIV-testing and human papilloma virus (HPV) identification by DNA-DNA-hybridisation (southern blot). Seventy patients are included, 39 of them are seropositive. The ratio male to female is 59 to 11, in seropositives 35 to 4, in negatives 24 to 7. The average age is 28 and 31 years respectively. The number of homosexuals and junkies is significantly higher in seropositives. Seventeen patients are in HIV-stage II, 11 in stage III and 10 in stage IV according to CDC-classification. Characteristic for the seropositives was an extensive growth on the rectal mucosa and the very rapid growth of initially subtotally resected lesions in order to prevent stenosis. Sixty-five patients were treated by one stage radical operation with electrocauter. Surprisingly recurrency is more frequent in seronegatives, however, the lesion is much smaller in this group. A hypothesis to explain this observation is brought forward. Postoperative complications occurred only in HIV-stages III and IV We therefore recommend single shot antibiotic prophylaxis in these patients. The HPV-identification showed no malignancy associated HPV-types in both groups but a higher incidence of HPV 11 in higher HIV-stages which we cannot explain. We conclude from our series that, if operation is indicated, one stage radical electrocoagulation of condylomata acuminata is a necessary procedure in seropositive patients and a save one in negative patients but antibiotic prophylaxis should be given in stage III and IV. Anal condylomata acuminata are a hint for possible HIV-positivity.

     

Ophthalmic herpes zoster with contralateral hemiparesis: a case report

Summary Neurological complications following rubella are only rarely encountered. However, in many cases severe neurological impairment may occur, leading to permanent disability. In a recent epidemic of rubella in Israel during the years 1978–1979, 20 patients with severe neurological complications have been seen. We report on 5 cases of which 3 are described in detail. Considering the efficacy of immunization against rubella, we suggest that in countries such as England and Israel in which periodic epidemics of rubella occur, a generalized plan of immunization should be undertaken during the first years of life. Such an approach will prevent the neurological complication of congenital, as well as acquired, rubella infection.

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Zusammenfassung Obwohl neurologische Komplikationen nur selten nach Rubella erscheinen, sind sie in vielen Fällen schwer und können zu permanenten neurologischen Schäden führen. In einer Rubella-Epidemie, die kürzlich in Israel auftrat (1978–1979), wurden 20 Fälle von schweren neurologischen Komplikationen festgestellt. Wir berichten über 5 dieser Fälle, 3 von ihnen in ausführlicher Weise. Nachdem Rubella-Impfung sehr wirksam ist, schlagen wir vor, daß in Ländern wie Israel oder England, in denen Epidemien von Zeit zu Zeit auftreten, ein allgemeiner Impfungsplan für die ersten Lebensjahre eingeführt wird. So ein Plan kann die neurologischen Komplikationen nach kongenitaler oder erworbener Rubella verhindern.

     

Characterization of lymphoid cell populations in bovine lymphosarcomas (“leukosis”) by flow-cytofluorometry

Acridine orange stained cell suspensions from ten cases of bovine lymphosarcoma were analyzed by flow-cytofluorometry. The green DNA-AO fluorescence showed in all cases, but one, two distinct separate lymphoid cell subpopulations. One corresponded to (normal) diploid lymphoid cells, the other had variable aneuploid values. The histograms of the latter cell populations also indicated cells in S- and G₂-phase. Low-angle light scatter histograms did not show a distinct separation between the different cell types, although two maxima could be distinguished. The relative proportions between the two cell populations varied between 20 and 80% with domination of one or the other cell type.There was some conformity to the histological and cytological picture in the ordinary light microscope, although neither a clear distinction in separable cell types nor differential counts was possible.The diploid lymphocyte subpopulation in the tumor might represent an immunoreactive process against the BLV-induced lymphosarcoma.     

Presence of human herpesvirus 6 and herpes simplex virus detected by polymerase chain reaction in surgical tissue from temporal lobe epileptic patients

We investigated the presence of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in surgical tissue from temporal lobe epileptic patients. A total of 17 cases were studied, including eight males and nine females. The mean age was 24.9 +/- 11.1 years and the mean age of onset was 11.1 +/- 5.4 years. Five patients were diagnosed as encephalitis/meningitis and another three had a history of suspected encephalitis/meningitis, but no patient showed any obvious neurological symptom or mental handicap. Mesial and lateral temporal tissues were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Among six patients positive for HHV-6 (35%), the mesial temporal lobe was positive in four and the lateral temporal lobe was positive in three. Herpes simplex virus was positive in only one patient. Three of the six patients positive for HHV-6 did not show any apparent causes. Mild encephalitis/meningitis induced by HHV-6, a condition sometimes not recognized as encephalitis/meningitis, may be one of the most frequent causes of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

HBV DNA含量与慢性乙型肝炎分析

目的　探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中病毒血症水平与病情程度的相羞生。 方法　 采用FQ -PCR方法检测 12 6例慢性乙型肝炎轻、中、重度患者的血清HBVDNA含量。 结果　 慢乙肝轻、中、重度组HBVDNA含量分别是 (4 85± 1 0 )× 10 8- 10 7copy .ml、(3 82± 0 8)× 10 6- 10 5copy .ml、(1 8± 0 5 )× 10 5- 10 4copy .ml。结论　慢乙肝轻、中、重度各组之间的HBVDNA含量差异有显著性 ;中重度组病毒含量与总胆红素水平呈负相关 ,与白 /球比例呈正相关。     

阔叶十大功劳根中生物碱组分体外抗流感病毒试验研究

利用鸡胚试验技术研究了阔叶十大功劳根中生物碱成分在体外对流感病毒的抑制作用。试验结果表明，阔叶十大功劳根中生物碱成分在20mg／ml时对鸡胚无毒性，0．25mg／ml时仍显示出对甲1型流感病毒较强的抑制作用。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎特应性与血清IL-10及病情恢复的关系

为探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛纫支气管炎患儿特应性与血清白介素10(IL-10)水平及病情恢复的关系，应用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测17例年龄50天--12月，特应性体质的RSV毛细支气管炎患儿急性期与恢复期血清IL-l0水平，并以24例非特应性患儿及37例正常儿为对照组。结果显示，急性期待应性组IL—10水平与正常对照组相比，差异无显著性(P＞0．05)，但明显低于无特应性组(P＜0．001)；特应性组喘憋和肺部体征消失均较非特应性组慢，住院时间延长(P＜0．05)；恢复期两组IL-l0差异无显著意义。提示特应性体质患儿RSV感染后不能上调IL-l0产生，结果可导致病变恢复缓慢。     

白藜芦醇抗小鼠柯萨奇病毒感染性心肌炎作用的研究

研究白藜芦醇对小鼠柯萨奇病毒感染性心肌炎的干预作用并探讨其作用机制。制作柯萨奇病毒感染性心肌炎小鼠动物实验模型，采用病毒唑、黄芪注射液和黄芪煎液作为中西药物治疗对照，观察白藜芦醇腹腔内注射和经饮水给药对模型小鼠的一般情况、生存率、心肝脾形态等变化，及血清丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)等生化指标及心脏组织病理学的影响。结果：与病毒唑、黄芪注射液和黄芪煎液相比，白藜芦醇对柯萨奇病毒感染性心肌炎小鼠的一般情况、生存率、心肝脾变化、血清MDA和NO等生化指标及心脏组织病理学均有良好的改善作用。提示：白藜芦醇对小鼠柯萨奇病毒感染性心肌炎有良好的拮抗作用。