Opportunistic postpartum depression symptom screening at well-child clinics in Alberta, 2012–2016

ObjectivesThe study objective was to assess the reach and delivery of opportunistic postpartum depression (PPD) symptom screening at well-child clinic (WCC) immunization appointments in Alberta. The relationship between socio-demographic factors and PPD symptom screening status, and PPD symptom scores was explored.MethodIn this retrospective population-based cohort study, administrative health data from WCC immunization appointments were used to assess the PPD symptom screening delivery and scores from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. The associations with maternal age and area-level material deprivation were determined by multivariable statistics.ResultsThe number of births ranged from 51,537 to 55,787 annually. The percentage of mothers screened for PPD symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale decreased between 2012 and 2016, from 80.1% to 69.7%. Of those screened, 3–3.2% of the mothers were identified to be at high risk for PPD, annually. Screening status varied according to maternal age: mothers ≤29 years were more likely to be screened than mothers 30–34 years, while mothers ≥35 years were the least likely to be screened. Logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, found the odds of not being screened increased with increases in area-level material deprivation. Language/cultural barriers were the most commonly reported reasons for not screening.ConclusionOpportunistic PPD symptom screening at WCCs can be an efficient method to identify mothers who need postpartum support and to inform population-level public health surveillance. Additional work is needed to further understand barriers to PPD symptom screening, especially language, cultural, and socio-demographic factors.     

Commentary: Does Twitter have a role in improving Family Planning messages and services in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)?

Stakeholders are coming together to develop a vision for increasing access to family planning (FP) by 2030. Of the 923 million women in the developing world who wish to avoid a pregnancy, 218 million women are not using a modern contraceptive (Guttmacher Institute, 2020). In 2016, over 3.4 billion people were using the internet (https://ourworldindata.org/internet 2016). Moreover, internet users in the developing world use social media more frequently than Internet users in the U.S. and Europe. Of the many proposed actions to accelerate progress in family planning, the use of Twitter should be a key component.In this commentary, we describe the use of Twitter in a select group of low-and-middle-income countries that have made commitments to the family planning 2020 initiative (FP2020 countries and have the potential to leverage Twitter with current and potential family planning users. We examine Twitter feeds in eight key FP2020 countries, and we look at the content of Tweets issued by the ministries of health in most of these same countries.Our view is that it is feasible and easy to access Twitter feeds in low-and -middle income countries. We base our view on the types of reproductive health and family planning terms discussed in a public forum such as Twitter by current and potential users and their partners and ministries of health. We highlight two broad considerations that merit discussion among interested stakeholders, including policy makers, program designers, and health advocates. The first relates to the use of Twitter within family planning programs, and the second relates to themes that require more significant research. Data coupled with analytical capacity will help policy makers and program designers to effectively leverage Twitter for expanding the reach of family planning services and influencing social media policy. Our aim is to not only to contribute to the body of knowledge but also to spur greater engagement by program personnel, researchers, health advocates and contraceptive users.     

扬州市地下公共场所环境卫生质量及其对从业人员健康影响

了解扬州市地下公共场所环境质量及其对从业人员健康影响。「方法」对市区１３个地下公共场所进行环境监测,并对２５４名从业人员进行健康状况调查。「结果」地下公共场所相对湿度、二氧化碳浓度、细菌总数、可吸入尘浓度均显著高于地下公共场所,而照度显著低于地面公共场所。     

毒鼠强的毒力及其中毒时间和剂量关系的研究

[目的 ]确证市售毒鼠强的毒力 ,研究剂量与中毒时间的关系 ,为毒鼠强中毒的预防、控制和筛选有效的解毒剂提供基础资料。[方法 ]用实验小鼠对市售毒鼠强的毒力进行测定 ,用简化概率法计算毒鼠强对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50 ) ,用SPSS软件包分析剂量与中毒潜伏期及死亡时间关系。[结果 ]LD50 禁食组为 ( 0 3 67± 0 0 74)mg/kg ,正常组为( 0 5 13± 0 0 88)mg/kg ;小鼠对毒鼠强的阈剂量大于 0 2 0 5mg/kg ;剂量与中毒平均潜伏期和平均死亡时间呈负相关 ,符合反函数曲线。[结论 ]毒鼠强属速效、高危险性的极毒级灭鼠剂。     

公共卫生与疾病防治

目的：研究公共卫生与疾病防治之间的关系,并提出疾病防治中存在的问题和解决方案。方法：通过研究公共卫生与疾病防治见的关系和对疾病防治管理体制中存在的问题进行分析,初步探讨了存在问题的原因以及解决办法。结果：在传统的公共卫生领域,传染病防治是最为重要的内容,随着社会经济的发展,公共卫生的范围也正变得越来越广泛,疾病防治管理体系也需完善。结论：公共卫生体系是一个多部门协作的体系,疾病预防控制机构是公共卫生的信息、监测、预警及应急处理的主角。     

公安人员体成分测定与分析

目的 了解公安人员人体成分的均衡情况,积极预防亚健康.方法 用生物电阻抗分析法对771名公安人员进行人体成分的测定与分析.结果 男性公安人员体脂百分比显著低于女性(P<0.01),而身体质量指数及肥胖程度显著高于女性(P<0.05),并且男女性均以下肢脂肪含量最高,躯干次之,上肢最低.以体脂肪百分比(BF%)评价肥胖,男性肥胖率为10.08%,女性为45.59%.以身体质量指数(BMI)评价肥胖,男性超重率为44.09%,女性为20.59%;男性肥胖率为8.35%,女性为0.74%.以肥胖程度评价(OBD),男性超重率为21.73%,女性为4.41%;男性肥胖率为11.65%,女性为1.47%.结论 公安人员的超重、脂肪含量超标应加以重视,需合理膳食,积极运动.     

医疗服务价格水平差异评价及政策启示——以四川省为例

本文构建了医院医疗服务价格水平差异指数HPDI作为量化评价工具,对四川省18家公立医院价格水平及影响因素进行评价分析。结果表明,区域内公立医院价格水平管制合理、有效,内部因素中医技和临床类项目影响显著,外部因素中等级与规模因素影响显著。建议价格主管部门更加科学化、精细化研究价格水平问题,合理把握价格调整尺度、做好价格改革方案。     

关于我国医疗卫生体系提升公共卫生应急管理能力的思考与建议

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情已成为国际重大公共卫生事件。全球疫情形势严峻,直接经济损失远超2003年的重症急性呼吸综合征。疫情早期出现的问题包括未能及时准确研判疫情、疫情报告滞后、医院内感染向社区扩散及早期公共卫生防控措施不力等。人群发病率可反映公共卫生预防效果,而患者病死率反映临床疗效。武汉市集中了国内优秀的医疗资源和来自全国各地的医护人员及大量医疗物质的支援,但病死率一直维持在全国最高水平,说明针对发病机制尚不明确的新发病毒性传染病,临床治疗效果有限;中央政府及时采取的非常规公共卫生措施如暂时关闭离汉通道等在控制疫情中发挥了决定性作用。近年我国医疗系统趋利性打乱了医疗卫生事业中医疗和预防布局的平衡,促进了“重医疗、轻预防”的恶性循环,损害了常规公共卫生行使其功能的基础,形成了突发公共卫生危机偶然性中的必然性。提升我国卫生系统应对突发公共卫生事件能力应考虑以法律形式定位公共卫生事业是政府公共服务的主要职责、大力提升公共卫生机构的职能和水平,以满足人民群众日益增长的健康需求;还应打破由趋利性导致的“重医疗、轻预防”恶性循环,加强对公共卫生事业的投入并优化国家卫生体系。