439家公共场所禁烟情况监督检查结果分析

目的检查公共场所贯彻执行《上海市公共场所禁止吸烟暂行规定》现状。方法对439家公共场所禁烟专项执法检查结果进行分析。结果部分公共场所(如游艺厅(室)、歌(舞)厅、音乐茶座室)禁烟情况明显比其他法定禁烟场所差。结论在公共场所禁烟执法检查中,针对重点场所,在加强执法检查的同时,要督导开展禁烟宣传教育,同时完善控烟制度,落实禁烟设施。     

Are Essential Medicines in Malaysia Accessible, Affordable and Available?

Objective: To assess the pharmaceutical sector to know whether people have access to essential medicines. Setting: The study was conducted in 20 public health clinics, five public district drug stores and 20 private retail pharmacies selected randomly in five different areas randomly selected (four states and a federal territory). Method: The methodology used was adopted from the World Health Organization study protocol. The degree of attainment of the strategic pharmaceutical objectives of improved access is measured by a list of tested indicators. Access is measured in terms of the availability and affordability of essential medicines, especially to the poor and in the public sector. The first survey in the public health clinics and public district drug stores gathered information about current availability of essential medicines, prevalence of stock-outs and affordability of treatment (except drug stores). The second survey assessed affordability of treatment in public health clinics and private retail pharmacies. Main Outcome Measure Availability, stock-out duration, percent of medicines dispensed, accessibility and affordability of key medicines. Results The average availability of key medicines in the public health clinics for the country was 95.4%. The average stock-out duration of key medicines was 6.5 days. However, average availability of key medicines in the public district drug stores was 89.2%; with an average stock-out duration of 32.4 days. Medicines prescribed were 100% dispensed to the patients. Average affordability for public health clinics was 1.5 weeks salary and for the private pharmacies, 3.7 weeks salary. Conclusions: The present pharmaceutical situation in the context of essential medicines list implementation reflected that the majority of the population in Malaysia had access to affordable essential medicines. If medicines need to be obtained from the private sector, they are hardly affordable. Although the average availability of essential medicines in Malaysia was high being more than 95.0%, in certain areas in Sabah availability was less than 80.0% and still a problem.     

基于内控视角的医院后勤维修改造项目管理与审计

主要就医院后勤支出中占比较高的后勤维修改造项目的管理和审计进行探讨和分析,研究如何规范管理,从内控视角出发制定一套高标准、高质量的项目全流程监管体系和审计方法,以提高医院运营效率,降低运营成本.     

农村公共卫生管理政府责任缺位的应对措施

目的：探讨农村公共卫生管理政府责任缺位的应对措施。方法针对我地区农村公共卫生管理政府责任缺位,提出建议民营资本进驻的建议,并提供具体方法,分析其实际效果。结果干预后农村医疗总床位数及初级以上执业人员均显著多于干预前（P＜0.05）,干预后患者总住院时间短于干预前（P＜0.05）,均次医疗费用少于干预前（P＜0.05）。结论提高政府对农村医疗资源的支持,能有效减低医疗费用,提高农村基层医务人员工作积极性。     

Evaluation of the Public Health Emergency Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daegu,Korea During the First Half of 2020

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the response in Daegu, Korea to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to a public health emergency response model.MethodsAfter an examination of the official data reported by the city of Daegu and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a literature review and advisory meetings, we chose a response model. Daegu’s responses were organized into 4 phases and evaluated by applying the response model.ResultsIn phase 1, efforts were made to block further transmission of the virus through preemptive testing of a religious group. In phase 2, efforts were concentrated on responding to mass infections in high-risk facilities. Phase 3 involved a transition from a high-intensity social distancing campaign to a citizen participation–based quarantine system. The evaluation using the response model revealed insufficient systematic preparation for a medical surge. In addition, an incorporated health-related management system and protection measures for responders were absent. Nevertheless, the city encouraged the participation of private hospitals and developed a severity classification system. Citizens also played active roles in the pandemic response by practicing social distancing.ConclusionsThis study employed the response model to evaluate the early response in Daegu to the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed areas in need of improvement or maintenance. Based on the study results, creation of a systematic model is necessary to prepare for and respond to future public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Severe Maternal Morbidity in Canada: Temporal Trends and Regional Variations, 2003-2016

ObjectiveThis study sought to quantify temporal trends and provincial and territorial variations in severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in Canada.MethodsThe study used data on all hospital deliveries in Canada (excluding Québec) from 2003 to 2016 to examine temporal trends and from 2012 to 2016 to study regional variations. SMM was identified using diagnosis and intervention codes. Contrasts among periods and regions were quantified using rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Temporal changes were also assessed using chi-square tests for trend (Canadian Task Force Classification II-1).ResultsThe study population included 3 882 790 deliveries between 2003 and 2016 and 1 418 545 deliveries between 2012 and 2016. Severe hemorrhage rates increased from 44.8 in 2003 to 62.4 per 10 000 deliveries in 2012 (P for trend <0.0001) and then declined to 41.8 per 10 000 deliveries in 2016 (P for trend <0.0001). Maternal intensive care unit admission and sepsis rates decreased between 2003 and 2016, whereas rates of stroke, severe uterine rupture, hysterectomy, obstetric embolism, shock, and assisted ventilation increased. Rates of composite SMM in 2012-2016 were higher in Newfoundland and Labrador (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.04–1.26), Nova Scotia (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.19), New Brunswick (RR1.22; 95% CI 1.13–1.32), Manitoba (RR 1.09; 95% CI 1.03–1.15), Saskatchewan (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.09–1.22), the Yukon (RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.35–2.25), and Nunavut (RR 1.76; 95% CI 1.46–2.11) compared with the rest of Canada, whereas rates were lower in Alberta and British Columbia.ConclusionThis surveillance report helps inform clinical practice and public health policy for improving maternal health in Canada.     

安徽省公立医院护士医用防护用品知识现状调查

目的了解安徽省公立医院护士对医用防护用品知识掌握现状,分析其薄弱项和影响因素,为开展进一步的培训工作提供依据。方法根据国家卫健委文件和文献综述结果自行设计调查问卷,采用方便抽样法通过问卷星对56家安徽省公立医院6 586名护士进行调查,并采用多元线性回归法分析护士医用防护知识的影响因素。结果最终收到有效问卷6 502份。知识总分为(54.42±5.73)分,条目回答正确率为40.31%～99.71%。单因素分析显示不同最高学历、医院等级、科室、是否参与过传染病救治、是否在新冠肺炎一线工作、是否接受过防护用品知识培训的护士得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示:最高学历、是否参与过传染病救治、是否在新冠肺炎一线工作、是否接受过防护用品知识培训是知识得分的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论防护用品适用范围和摘除流程是安徽省公立医院护士个人防护知识的薄弱项。本科及以上学历、参与过传染病救治、在新冠肺炎一线工作、接受过防护用品知识培训的护士知识得分较高。管理者除了理论知识培训外,可以通过情景模拟、操作演示等技能培训方法提高护士职业防护技能。     

Nosocomial pseudoepidemics and pseudoinfections: an increasing problem.

The infection control practitioner often relies on microbiologic data in order to conduct nosocomial infection surveillance and control activities. On the basis of a review of the medical literature, false positive culture and stained smear results representing pseudoinfection are being reported with greater frequency. Documented cases and clusters of pseudoinfectons are reviewed, and the epidemiologic characteristics and methods for detection and prevention of this increasingly recognized problem are discussed.     

德国公立医院近期改革动态及对我国的启示

介绍了德国医疗服务系统的基本情况及公立医院改革的背景,重点记述了柏林市政府在医院管理体制和运行机制方面的改革举措,并据此论述了德国公立医院改革对我国医疗机构改革的启示。     

“毒胶囊”事件舆情分析及其对医学情报工作创新的启示

以"毒胶囊"事件为案例进行舆情监测分析,总结这一事件舆情演变的管理警示,探讨医学情报机构如何在应激事件中开展舆情分析服务,及时为政府提供决策咨询,以推动医学情报工作创新与发展。