Cardiac arrest in the workplace and its outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the workplace appears to be managed more effectively than OHCA occurring in other places. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available epidemiological data was performed, comparing the rate of survival for OHCA in the workplace, versus survival in other locations.MethodsFour databases (Pub-Med, Scopus, Web of science, “Base de Données de Santé Publique”, BDSP, i.e. the French Public Health Database) were searched from 01/2000 to 03/2015, using the key words: (”Cardiac arrest”) and (“occupational” OR “workplace” OR “public location”). A two stage process with two independent readers was used to select relevant papers. Numbers of subjects who suffered from OHCA in the workplace versus other locations were extracted when possible, as well as their respective outcomes (admitted alive to the hospital, discharged alive, good neurological outcome). Metarisks were calculated using the generic variance approach (meta-odds ratios metaOR).ResultsAfter full-text reading, 17 papers were included, from 9 countries, mostly published after 2005, and coming mostly from prospective registers. “Workplace” was defined differently in different studies, mostly in terms of industrial sites and offices. The workplace was an exceptional location for occurrences of OHCA (from 0.3% to 4.7% of all OHCA, from 1.3 to 23.8 events per million people per year), based on 2077 OHCA. In the quantitative analyses (survival available, 10 studies), MetaOR were found to be relatively consistent and high (from 1.9 (1.5–2.3) to 5.9(2.7–13.0)). When OHCA occurring at workplaces were compared to other public sites, no significant differences were found.ConclusionThere is sufficient evidence to support the view that there will be better outcomes for OHCA cases that occur in the workplace than for those occurring elsewhere. Requirements for occupational health and safety should include prevention of such major (albeit rare) events.     

宁夏回族自治区消毒产品监管现状调查

目的了解宁夏回族自治区消毒产品经营和使用单位管理现状,为规范消毒产品监管提供依据。方法通过抽检方式,对辖区内涉消毒产品经营单位和使用单位进行抽样检查。结果共调查167家消毒产品经营单位,337种消毒产品。经营单位索证率为58.68%,标签说明书符合率为84.27%。调查169家消毒产品使用单位,151种消毒产品,使用单位索证率为63.31%,标签说明书符合率为83.43%。结论该区消毒产品经营和使用单位索证率均比较低,市场消毒产品存在标签说明书管理不规范情况,必须加强消毒产品市场监管和涉消毒产品单位监督监测力度。     

A needs assessment survey of dental public health graduate education in Saudi Arabia

Objectives

The Faculty of Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) is planning to develop a master’s program in dental public health (DPH). To develop a curriculum for this program, a needs assessment was conducted in order to identify the level of DPH expertise that currently exists in Saudi Arabia, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to explore current perceptions regarding this type of program.

Methods

A competency-based survey instrument was administered to private and government affiliated dental practitioners in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and competencies in DPH were assessed. In addition, questions were submitted that addressed preferred strategies of teaching, curriculum delivery methods, course content, and prerequisites for DPH. These data were combined with data previously collected from dentists holding academic positions at KAU (n = 146) and were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System version 9.3 software. Mean values and frequencies were calculated for the study variables. Proportional odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated to assess differences in educational preferences and DPH competencies according to age, gender, and qualification.

Results

Most of the participants (95%) reported a need for a DPH graduate program. The respondents had a basic knowledge of DPH and moderate experience in DPH competencies. A variety of preferred educational strategies and methods were identified and differences in educational preferences according to age, gender, and qualification of the respondents were identified. The responses obtained also acknowledged skills and competencies that the participants considered most important for a DPH practice and that would be important for students accepted into a DPH graduate program.

Conclusions

This needs assessment survey represents a preliminary step in establishing a DPH graduate program that addresses current gaps in knowledge and in the practice of public health dentistry. This survey also provided valuable feedback regarding the development of course content for a graduate education program in DPH.     

Determinants of and changes in catastrophic health expenditure in the occupied Palestinian territory: an analysis of ten rounds of the Palestinian Households Expenditure and Consumptions Survey (1996–2011)

Background

Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is measured to assess the financial protection from the risk of health-related conditions, which is considered a principle performance goal of any health system. The incidence and intensity of CHE in the occupied Palestinian territory between 1998 and 2007 was assessed in previous research; however, no research has assessed the occurrence of CHE in different population groups in the occupied Palestinian territory. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in the occurrence of CHE in different groups of Palestinians from 1996 to 2011, which was a period of increasing political turmoil, transformation of the national health system, and economic hardship faced by the population.

2015年2月全国突发公共卫生事件及需关注的传染病风险评估

目的评估2015年2月国内外突发公共卫生事件及需要关注的传染病风险。方法根据国内外突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法,并通过视频会议形式邀请各省(直辖市、自治区)疾病预防控制中心专家参与评估。结果预计2月份将是全年突发公共卫生事件报告数最少的月份。2015年2月,西非埃博拉出血热病例输入我国的风险依然存在,但在我国发生较大规模扩散的可能性极低;我国内地将继续出现人感染H7N9禽流感散发病例,不排除发生其他可感染人类的禽流感散发病例;近期全球多个国家及地区动物间禽流感疫情活跃;流行性感冒等呼吸道传染病将出现季节性升高;诺如病毒所致的腹泻病23月仍可能继续出现暴发疫情;猩红热疫情高于2014年同期,但较2014年12月已出现下降,学校和托幼机构陆续放假,预计病例数将会继续减少;麻疹疫情高于2014年同期,且较2014年12月继续上升,部分省份发生暴发疫情,形势不容乐观;中东呼吸综合征在沙特等地仍持续有散发病例报告,我国存在输入风险,但进一步播散的风险极低;非职业性一氧化碳中毒仍需进一步关注。结论 2015年2月我国的突发公共卫生事件及传染病疫情发生态势与往年相似,处于全年较低水平;需重点关注西非埃博拉出血热疫情,我国人感染H7N9禽流感疫情,流感,诺如病毒所致的腹泻病,同时关注猩红热、麻疹及中东呼吸综合征输入我国的风险。     

A public health approach to musculoskeletal health

An ageing, physically inactive and increasingly obese population, coupled with finite health and social care resources, requires a shift from treating musculoskeletal disease when it arises to a preventive approach promoting lifelong musculoskeletal health. A public health approach to musculoskeletal health ensures that people are able to live not only long, but also well. Supporting self-management, addressing common misconceptions about the inevitability of musculoskeletal conditions, and offering brief interventions to support necessary lifestyle changes are basic public health functions that all health professionals can deliver. More specialist public health skills including needs assessment, data interpretation and service planning are also needed to deliver high quality services. These will require improvements in the data collected about musculoskeletal health nationally. A public health approach would benefit individuals through reduced pain and improved function due to musculoskeletal conditions, and wider society by minimising lost economic productivity and lowering health and social care costs.     

Constructing New Expertise: Private and Public Initiatives for Safe Food (Brussels in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century)

In 1856, the mayor of Brussels proposed the establishment of a municipal laboratory with a chemist to analyse food and beverages to restrain fraud. His proposal was accepted and a laboratory – possibly one of the first municipal laboratories in Europe – was set up. The laboratory still exists today. This paper aims at tracing the conditions in which it emerged, situating it within the laissez-faire context of the time. It was brought into existence by a liberal administration, in a period of little interventionism replete with unencumbered private interests (those of bakers, butchers, grocers, millers, pharmacists, doctors and so on). What will be considered here is the general mood with regard to food fraud, fair trade, correct price, and the quality of food in the first half of the nineteenth century. On a broader level, this contribution addresses the frictions between private and public initiative, while focusing on the process of construction of expertise. The paper makes use of contemporary documents such as reviews, newspapers, association reports and city council chronicles.     

Malaria infection in children in tropical rainforest: assessments by women of Ugbowo Community in Benin City,Nigeria

ObjectiveTo examine how mothers recognize malaria infection in children aged less than five and five years, frequency and duration of the infection in these children as well as measures used to reduce exposure of children to mosquito bites, and to discuss the possibilities of designing a strategy that involves mothers in management and control of malaria infection.MethodsThe data were originated from personal interviews which involved mothers in the Ugbowo Community in Benin City, Nigeria who were selected using multi-stage systemic random sampling technique. The data were analyzed qualitatively and by use of percentages, arithmetic mean and bar chart.ResultsThe results showed that all the interviewees believed that children got malaria infection along with fever or fever and other symptoms. Approximately 30% of interviewee recognized malaria infection through fever and cough while 1% by fever and vomiting. Approximately 72% of the interviewees claimed that their children had malaria infection every three months and 16% claimed that their children had the infection every month. Most of the interviewees reported that the length of time from recognition of malaria symptoms on their children to treatment was between one and three days. Most of the interviewees used insecticide treated bed nets to reduce their children's exposure to mosquito bites and few used mosquito repellent ointment.ConclusionsFor malaria management strategy to be effective and sustainable, it is important to empower women with more knowledge on detection of malaria symptoms and they should be involved in planning and designing the strategy.     

Adherence of Randomized Controlled Trials to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 Guidelines: A Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in 2011-2016 in 3 Periodontology Journals

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology (JCP), Journal of Periodontology (JOP), and Journal of Periodontal Research (JPR), published in the years 2011 until 2016, using Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 guidelines.MethodsA thorough search of PubMed for RCTs published between January 2011 and December 2016 in the three journals was carried out. The CONSORT 2010 checklist (36 questions) was used to evaluate the adherence of these RCTs to these guidelines. A modified CONSORT score was calculated and categorized as “perfect” (100%), “excellent” (80%-99%), “good” (60%-79%), “modest” (40%-59%), and “poor” (<40%).ResultsA total of 369 RCTs were published in the three periodontology journals from 2011 until 2016. Based on the modified CONSORT score among all the RCTs, title, abstract, and introduction sections of the included RCTs showed good adherence to the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (60%-79%), whereas the adherence was poor for half the items in methodology (<40%), results (<40%), and discussion (40%). The highest modified CONSORT score was obtained for the trials published in the JCP from 2011 to 2016, whereas the lowest score was achieved by the RCTs in the JPR. Overall, none of the RCTs in any of the journals were perfect in reporting the trials as per the guidelines. Almost half of the RCTs in the JCP showed good adherence (51.1%), whereas almost three-fourths of the RCTs in the JOP (72%) and JPR (82.7%) showed modest to poor adherence as per the reporting guidelines (P < .001).ConclusionAmong the three periodontology journals assessed, the JCP showed better adherence than the JOP and JPR from 2011 until 2016.     

人间鼠疫疫情中基于舆情通的网络舆情监测

目的探索人间鼠疫疫情中网络舆情监测方法,为其他人间鼠疫疫情网络舆情监测提供借鉴。方法基于人间鼠疫疫情中的网络数据,利用舆情通平台分析,对人间鼠疫疫情的网络舆情进行部分展示。结果舆情通系统可监测人间鼠疫疫情的网络舆情变化,通过网络大数据分析获得可视化舆情信息。结论舆情通系统可用于人间鼠疫疫情网络舆情监测,掌握网络舆情的发展和走向,为网络舆情管控赢得时机。