我国农村公共卫生体系现状及宏观改革措施

文章分析了我国农村公共卫生体系存在三级医疗预防保健网关系松散、卫生投入严重不足、资源闲置与效率低下并存、公共卫生功能弱化、缺乏较高素质医务人员等问题，为加强农村公共卫生体系建设，提出了需强化政府职能、加大财政投入、调整卫生资源结构、建立大病统筹制度等宏观政策措施。     

营造和谐环境突出中医医院办院特色

目的 分析中医医院发展中所遇到的困难，找出影响和阻碍其发展的主要因素，以供决策者和同道参考。方法 对抽样单位院长进行深度访谈、员工座谈和问卷调查。结果 坚持中医办院方向却面临生存挑战，中医药特色保持现状不容乐观，突出中医药特色的专科、专病不失为中医医院发展的可行之路。原因 中医医院发展与政策环境、人才短缺有很大关系。建议 从把握机遇、突出特色专科、政府加大投入力度、按中医药自身规律培养人才、政策环境保障等方面提出建议。     

公安干警预防艾滋病健康教育效果评价

目的评价采用集中方式对公安干警进行艾滋病健康教育的效果。方法随机抽取广州市公安巡警支队干警108名,采用多媒体讲课、发放预防艾滋病健康教育折页、现场提问咨询、观看艾滋病科普知识展览等集中教育方式进行艾滋病健康教育,并在健康教育前后以无记名自填式答卷方式对调查对象艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为等进行对照分析。结果与教育前比较,教育后15项艾滋病相关知识有13项知晓率显著提高,5项对艾滋病的态度及3项与艾滋病相关行为有明显的变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用集中教育形式在公安干警中进行预防艾滋病健康教育效果明显。     

推行院务政务公开 促进医院和谐发展

本文介绍了自2002年2月新一届领导班子成立以来,东莞市桥头医院紧紧围绕医院发展大局,创新管理机制,大力推行院务政务公开的具体做法、成效及其体会,有力地促进了医院的和谐发展。     

439家公共场所禁烟情况监督检查结果分析

目的检查公共场所贯彻执行《上海市公共场所禁止吸烟暂行规定》现状。方法对439家公共场所禁烟专项执法检查结果进行分析。结果部分公共场所(如游艺厅(室)、歌(舞)厅、音乐茶座室)禁烟情况明显比其他法定禁烟场所差。结论在公共场所禁烟执法检查中,针对重点场所,在加强执法检查的同时,要督导开展禁烟宣传教育,同时完善控烟制度,落实禁烟设施。     

国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系的构建

[目的]提高政府保障公共安全和处置突发公共卫生事件的能力,最大程度地预防和减少突发公共卫生事件及其造成的损害,保障公众的健康和生命财产安全,维护国家安全和社会稳定,促进经济社会全面协调、可持续发展。[方法]结合国境口岸应对突发公共卫生事件的实际情况,从3个方面对如何构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系进行了研究。[结果]构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系应包括构建框架体系的准则、框架体系内容、编制框架体系应把握的要点。[结论]构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系对于提高检验检疫机构预防和处置口岸突发公共卫生事件的能力,全面履行卫生检疫行政职能具有十分重要的意义。     

Are Essential Medicines in Malaysia Accessible, Affordable and Available?

Objective: To assess the pharmaceutical sector to know whether people have access to essential medicines. Setting: The study was conducted in 20 public health clinics, five public district drug stores and 20 private retail pharmacies selected randomly in five different areas randomly selected (four states and a federal territory). Method: The methodology used was adopted from the World Health Organization study protocol. The degree of attainment of the strategic pharmaceutical objectives of improved access is measured by a list of tested indicators. Access is measured in terms of the availability and affordability of essential medicines, especially to the poor and in the public sector. The first survey in the public health clinics and public district drug stores gathered information about current availability of essential medicines, prevalence of stock-outs and affordability of treatment (except drug stores). The second survey assessed affordability of treatment in public health clinics and private retail pharmacies. Main Outcome Measure Availability, stock-out duration, percent of medicines dispensed, accessibility and affordability of key medicines. Results The average availability of key medicines in the public health clinics for the country was 95.4%. The average stock-out duration of key medicines was 6.5 days. However, average availability of key medicines in the public district drug stores was 89.2%; with an average stock-out duration of 32.4 days. Medicines prescribed were 100% dispensed to the patients. Average affordability for public health clinics was 1.5 weeks salary and for the private pharmacies, 3.7 weeks salary. Conclusions: The present pharmaceutical situation in the context of essential medicines list implementation reflected that the majority of the population in Malaysia had access to affordable essential medicines. If medicines need to be obtained from the private sector, they are hardly affordable. Although the average availability of essential medicines in Malaysia was high being more than 95.0%, in certain areas in Sabah availability was less than 80.0% and still a problem.     

电话网络心电模式在社区基础医疗的应用

目的:探讨电话网络心电模式在社区基础医疗的应用效果。方法:对社区医院的142例有心脏不适症状而普通心电图多次检查均正常的患者进行电话网络心电监测(TTM)1056次,通过电话和网络传送心电信息至本院心脏监测中心,专职人员分析、诊断和出具报告,指导患者用药和治疗。结果:142例患者中发现早期心肌梗死心电图改变者1例,缺血型ST-T改变者16例,阵发性室上速22例,阵发性房颤12例,间歇性预激综合症8例,房性早搏和(或)室性早搏35例,6例安装永久起搏器和14例冠状动脉支架置入(PCI)术后患者TTM监测无新的异常出现,28例未见异常。结论:TTM监测能及时将平时心电图、Holter等难以捕捉的心电信息记录下来,为临床诊断和治疗提供有效依据,为患者提供早期诊断心脏病的检查手段。