精神病患者家属的心理分析及护理

作者采用询问交谈的方法对精神病患者家属的心理状态进行了调查分析，大多数精神病患者家属存在着焦虑、急躁、自卑、厌恶、矛盾、无能为力等心理。同时，针对性地提出了以安慰、鼓励、心理启发、支持为主的护理方法和措施。     

Communication between an occupational physician and other medical practitioners--an audit

Four hundred and seventy-two consecutive referral episodes relatingto 386 patients attending the Occupational Health Departmentof a general teaching hospital were analyzed to evaluate thefrequency, content and effect on management of communicationsbetween the occupational physician and other doctors. In all,250 episodes (53%) were associated with such a communication.The likelihood of a communication was strongly influenced byreason for referral, particularly in respect of long or shortterm sickness absence; univariate odds ratios (OR)=10.58, 95%Cl=8.13–27.08) and 2.65, 95% Cl=1.55–4.60) respectively;a medical diagnosis of psychiatric illness (OR=3.17, 95% Cl=1.69–5.97));and by number of consultations. Communication was also morelikely when the occupational outcome was ill health retirement,rehabilitation in work or modified work. Ninety-eight per centof specific requests for information or an opinion eliciteda reply. Information received from other doctors influencedthe occupational health physician's management in 52 referralepisodes (20%). Specific action by GPs as a result of communicationwas documented in 54 and by specialists in 37 episodes. Theimportance of communication between occupational health physicianand other doctors in the occupational health process is confirmed.     

Insults to the body civil: Mistreatment of elderly in two Plains Indian tribes

The mistreatment of elderly is subject to various social constructions. On two geographically distinct Plains Indian Reservations which we call Lone Mountain and Abundant Lands, the abuse or neglect of elderly is construed as a health problem which is a dysfunction of the community as a whole. Both physical abuse and neglect are more common on the Lone Mountain Reservation, occurring in association with other indicators of community disorganization such as unemployment and substance abuse. On the Abundant Lands Reservation physical abuse was categorically denied and what neglect existed appeared to be a function of role strain, geographic dispersal, climate and terrain. We attribute differences in the prevalence of mistreatment of elders to variations in economic opportunities for younger residents. Examining the historical and present contexts of intergenerational relationships on the reservations, we discuss the implications of this study for social exchange theory and policy applications.This research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America Applied     

Boundary Ambiguity in Parents With Chronically Ill Children: Integrating Theory and Research

Abstract: This article integrates theory and research related to boundary ambiguity in parents of children with a chronic health condition. We propose that boundary ambiguity is a risk factor for psychological distress in these parents. Clinical applications and a case example highlight how boundary ambiguity can be assessed and managed in clinical settings by professionals working with parents with chronically ill children. Questions are provided for assessing boundary ambiguity in clinical and research settings, and implications for research are discussed.     

北京市宣武区中学生生殖健康知识调查分析

【目的】掌握青少年性发育特点,以便开展有针对性的青春期生殖健康教育,提高自我保护能力,使其健康的成长。【方法】重点高中2所、普通高中4所、职业高中3所,分别选择同年级、同号班级22个班的1 800名高中生,由专门调查员进班发问卷,要求学生在15 min内完成。学生填写问卷时,采用校方人员回避,问卷不记名方式,填写后当场封存,确保学生的隐私权。【结果】调查学生中生理知识知晓率达到70.74%,性病、艾滋病方面知识知晓率达53.9%,相关避孕知识知晓率15%,学生中的性活动发生率17.9%,缺乏保护意识的学生占25.4%,接触过淫秽品的学生43.5%,对婚前性行为的看法持开放态度的学生占38%。【结论】学生的性观念开放,综合自我保护能力较低,易受疾病和社会危险因素伤害,对其成长过程造成障碍。     

Controlling for occasion-specific effects when assessing the test–retest reliability of self-report health questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a method for self-report health questionnaires to adjust test-retest reliability for changes during the test-retest interval based on an external measure, and to distinguish such changes from random response errors. METHODS: In our application, eighty participants completed the Symptoms of Illness Checklist (SIC) on two occasions, two weeks apart, immediately before interviews given on each occasion by one of two physicians in a crossover design. The physician interview scores served as external measures, and structural equation modeling was used to estimate the parameters of a model that corrected for the occasion-specific effect of participants' responses using information from the interviews. RESULTS: Correcting for changes in symptoms during the test-retest interval increased SIC test-retest reliability from .744 to .804 and significantly improved model fit (chi2(diff)(1) = 30.78, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest methods that can improve the evaluation of self-report health questionnaire test-retest reliability by identifying changes using an external measure, and distinguishing these from random response errors; these increased the estimated SIC test-retest reliability and indicated that the SIC was indeed able to measure changes over the studied time interval. This method can be applied across a broad range of questionnaires.     

Reproductive health knowledge and implications: A study in Nigeria

Forty-five percent of Nigeria's population is under age 15. This study employed a questionnaire to learn the level of reproductive health knowledge of 416 male and female Nigerian students ages 10 through 16.

The Chi-square statistical procedure was used as demographic characteristics were related to reproductive health knowledge among the pre-teen and teenage youth. Statistically significant (p #lt 0.05) relationships were found between variables such as knowledge of reproduction, family planning, and AIDS when each was compared separately to age, gender, living situation while at school, school club memberships, and so on. With respect to reproduction and related topics, older teenagers indicated more knowledge than pre-teenagers, girls more than boys, and those living in dormitories more than those living at home or in other housing while attending school.

Television ranked first in terms of students' sources of information on reproduction, pregnancy, birth control, and AIDS. Newspapers ranked second, radio third, teachers fourth, and parents fifth. Perhaps the most striking data are the “I don't know” responses with respect to AIDS. Thirteen percent had not heard of AIDS, 27 percent did not know how AIDS is transmitted, 29 percent did not know the seriousness of AIDS, 37 percent did not know how to avoid AIDS, and 14 percent did not know that a mother with AIDS might infect her baby. Recommendations are made for increasing health services and education concerning reproductive health for pre-teen and teenage students.     

微波与X线联合辐射对人体血液系统的影响

本文调查了微波与X线同时接触工人49名(联合组)、单微波接触工人48名(微波组)以及两者均不接触的工人46名(对照组)。联合组和微波组工人的微波辐射剂量每日平均约300μw/cm~2,联合组工人接触的X线剂量,每年小于5rem。结果显示:联合组中性粒细胞ACP、AKP活性以及中性粒细胞核棘突出现率均较微波组和对照组明显增高(P<0.01),糖原含量则较其它两组明显下降(P<0.01)。调查表明,低强度微波与低剂量X线联合辐射比单独微波辐射对人体的潜在危害更大。因此,对雷达等发射设备周围的工作人员,除必要的微波防护外。同时需要对X线进行防护。     

The Mental Health of Homeless Children

The literature addressing the mental health of homeless children is critically reviewed. Higher rates of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems have been reported for this population, but research results are qualified by significant methodological problems. Minimal attention has been given to the development and evaluation of specific intervention and prevention strategies. Recommendations are made for conducting research that will overcome previous methodological problems and focus more directly on identifying risk and protective mechanisms within the population of children exposed to homelessness.     

眼科手术病人的心理护理

目的 :本文通过对眼科手术病人进行有效的心理护理 ,提高了患者对医护人员的信任感和依从性 ,使患者能很好配合手术 ,提高了手术的成功率。方法 :参加术前病案讨论和对患者进行术前、术中和术后的心理护理 ,以及相关疾病知识宣教。结果 :经过两组对照加强心理护理能使病人术后伤口愈合良好 ,无并发症发生 ,提高了病人对手术的满意率。结论 :通过加强心理护理融洽了护患关系增进了相互理解和信任 ,提高了以患者为中心的整体护理水平。