初中生甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种效果分析及抗体水平监测

目的了解初中生接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的流行病学效果及抗体水平。方法采用非随机对照临床试验方法,选择9 123名初中生,分甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种组(3 726人)和对照组(5 397人),随访观察一个流行周期(6个月),比较两组流感样病例、甲型H1N1流感病例、季节性流感病例的发生率及接种前后阳性率和阳转率。结果接种组与对照组除甲型H1N1流感发病密度(接种组:0/1 000人年,对照组:2.22/1 000人年)差异有统计学意义外(P=0.0121),其他流感相关疾病(流感样病例、乙型流感、流感病毒核酸阳性)发病密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不管是接种组还是对照组,不同住宿情况(住校和走读)流感样病例发生差异均有统计学意义,接种组中,季节性流感接种对乙型流感和流感病毒核酸阳性差异均有统计学意义;对照组中,流感症状史对甲型H1N1、乙型流感和流感病毒核酸阳性差异均有统计学意义;疫苗接种前与接种后1个月比较,流感抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)与阳性率都增高(P<0.05)。结论初中生大规模接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗能有效预防甲型H1N1流感,其免疫及保护效果良好,住校生较走读生更易发生流感样病例,疫苗接种可能不存在交叉保护作用。     

手术室护理人员对锐器伤的自我防护

手术室工作节奏快,劳动强度高,护士每天接触刀、剪、针等各种锐利器具,使其成为锐器伤的高发区。据调查,87．9％的手术室护士有锐器伤的经历[1]。通过对我院手术室护理人员进行调查分析,总结出锐器伤的几种常见原因,并采取相应的防护措施,从而降低了手术室锐器伤的发生率。现将其原因及防护对策分析如下。     

医疗辐射危害与防护的研究进展

随着医学影像学的发展,医疗辐射防护的应用及其研究受到了广泛的关注。本文从医疗辐射的应用现状入手,阐述了医疗辐射对人体的危害,介绍了各种辐射防护的措施和原理,并展望了医疗辐射防护的未来。     

持续性加速度生理与防护研究进展

目的 综述持续性加速度生理与防护研究. 资料来源与选择 国内外该领域的相关研究论文、技术报告、电子文献. 资料引用 引用文献资料88篇. 资料综合 回顾近年来持续性正加速度生理效应研究进展.持续高＋Gz暴露会引起人体暂时性应激变化,对心脏舒张功能也有一定影响,提示应针对飞行员健康深层次防护问题深入开展研究.分析了高性能战斗机复合加速度的发生情况.可采用抗荷动作、抗荷正压呼吸等防护推拉效应,但Gy对＋Gz耐力的影响尚有不同观点.性别、体质、兴奋剂等因素均可影响人体＋Gz耐力,而＋Gz重复暴露是否会提高耐力还需要进一步深入探讨,同时＋Gz耐力终点指标与检查方法也在不断深入研究与改进中.国外在利用无接触测试人体生理参数方法评价飞行员工作状态、进行G-LOC预警方面进展较快,部分成果已近实用,提示我们应加大相关研究力度.从国外先进抗荷装备研究来看,全覆盖抗荷服、一体化电子式供氧抗荷调节器等是当前发展方向,同时如何减轻飞行员生理负荷、提高装备人机工效性能等也成为研究重点.我国提出的新式抗荷动作易于掌握、效果明显,应大力推广应用. 结论 近10年来国内外持续性加速度生理与防护研究应用均取得很大进展,但相比之下我国尚有差距,应进一步改进提高相关技术、装备的研究与应用水平.     

艾司洛尔联合早期目标导向治疗对重度脓毒症患者心肌功能的保护作用分析

目的分析艾司洛尔联合早期目标导向治疗对严重脓毒症患者心肌功能的保护作用。方法回顾性分析我院收治的严重脓毒症患者的临床资料,按随机、平衡、对照原则分别筛选艾司洛尔联合早期目标导向治疗的30例作为观察组,另筛选同期行早期目标导向治疗的30例作为对照组,对比两种治疗方案对患者血流动力学指标、心肌肌钙蛋白T(c Tn T)、B型利钠肽(BNP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、血乳酸(Lac)、中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO_2)等指标水平的影响,并统计28 d生存率。结果治疗后,观察组Ea/Aa显著上升,HR显著下降,对照组仅HR显著下降,两组其他血流动力学指标组内及组间对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组c Tn T、BNP、TNF-α、IL-1β等指标水平均显著下降且观察组低于对照组,组间及组内对比,其差异均有统计学意义;两组患者血Lac下降,ScvO_2上升,且观察组血Lac低于对照组,ScvO_2高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且观察组存活率略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.480,P=0.488)。结论艾司洛尔联合早期目标导向治疗可使严重脓毒症患者获取一定的心肌保护。     

Edwardsiella tarda flagellar protein FlgD: a protective immunogen against edwardsiellosis

Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium and a causative agent of edwardsiellosis, resulting to severe loss of the aquaculture industry. In this study, based on the reverse vaccinology, sixteen flagellar proteins were selected from highly pathogenic E. tarda EIB202 genome information and in silico analyzed as potential vaccine candidates. Among them, ten recombinant proteins were highly expressed in Escherichia coli and successfully purified. The immunoprotective potentials of these purified recombinant proteins were evaluated in zebrafish model. And recombinant FlgD and FliD were found to lead to a high relative percent survival (RPS, about 70%) against E. tarda EIB202. Furthermore, FlgD required in flagellum hook assembly brought about the similar immune protection in turbot. The immune responses of zebrafish and turbot to recombinant FlgD were also investigated, and the results indicated that its high protection was mainly involved in cellular mediated immune response, corresponding to the intracellular pathogenicity of E. tarda.     

Cytotoxin CctA, a major virulence factor of Clostridium chauvoei conferring protective immunity against myonecrosis

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the identity of the major toxin of Clostridium chauvoei, an important pathogen of cattle causing black leg and to determine its value as a protective antigen in vaccines against myonecrosis.

Methods

Genomic sequence analysis was used to determine potential virulence genes of C. chauvoei. Subsequently, the putative toxin candidate gene was cloned and expressed to obtain recombinant toxin. This toxin was investigated for its cytotoxic activity, hemolysis and its potential as a protective antigen in the guinea pig potency assay.

Results

A novel protein toxin, named Clostridium chauvoei toxin A (CctA) that belongs to the family of β-barrel pore forming toxins of the leucocidin superfamily of bacterial toxins was discovered by whole genome sequence analysis. The corresponding gene cctA was found in all strains of C. chauvoei analyzed, isolated from various geographical areas over the globe during the last 50 years, but not in other pathogenic Clostridium species. Native CctA and recombinant rCctA produced in Escherichia coli in the form of a rCctA::NusA fusion protein or thrombin processed rCctA were highly cytotoxic for Embryonic Calf Nasal Epithelial (ECaNEp) cells and had high haemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes in standard haemolysis assays. Polyclonal anti-rCctA rabbit antibodies fully neutralized the cytotoxic and haemolytic activity, not only of rCctA but also of supernatants from cultures of the various C. chauvoei strains, indicating that CctA is the main cytotoxic and haemolytic substance secreted by C. chauvoei. Using a standard vaccine release procedure, we demonstrated that vaccination of guinea pigs with CctA in the form of a fusion protein with the E. coli heat labile toxin B subunit (rCctA::LTB) as a peptide adjuvant protected the animals against challenge with spores of virulent C. chauvoei.

Conclusions

CctA is the major virulence factor of C. chauvoei and the main protective antigen in vaccines against blackleg.     

Developmental protective and risk factors in borderline personality disorder: A study using the Adult Attachment Interview

Mental representations and attachment in a sample of adults with Borderline Personality Disorder were assessed using the George, Kaplan and Main (1985) Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Eighty subjects participated in the study: 40 nonclinical and 40 with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The results obtained showed a specific distribution of attachment patterns in the clinical sample: free/autonomous subjects (F) represented only 7%, dismissing classifications (Ds) reached about 20%, entangled/preoccupied (E) 23% and unresolved with traumatic experiences (U) 50%. The two samples differed in their attachment patterns distribution by two (secure vs. insecure status), three (F, Ds and E) and four-way (F, Ds, E and U) categories comparisons. In order to identify more specific protective or risk factors of BPD, 25 one-way ANOVAs with clinical status as variable (clinical vs. nonclinical) were conducted on each scale of the coding system of the interview. Results support the hypothesis that some developmental relational experiences seem to constitute pivotal risk factors underlying this disorder. Results demonstrated potential benefits in using AAI scales in addition to the traditional categories. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.     

The protective effect of SCR15-18 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Abstract

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Objectives: Soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1), a potent inhibitor of complement activation, has been shown to protect brain cells against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (CI/R) injury due to its decay-accelerating activity for C3/C5 convertase and co-factor activity for C3b/C4b degradation. However, the effect of short consensus repeats (SCRs) 15-18, one of active domains of sCR1 with high C3b/C4b degradability, has not been demonstrated. Here, we investigated the protective effect of recombinant SCR_15-18 protein in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal CI/R injury.

Methods: Recombinant SCR_15-18 protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and refolded to its optimal bioactivity. Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: sham-operated group, CI/R group, and SCR_15-18+CI/R group pretreated with 20 mg/kg SCR_15-18 protein. After 2 hours of MCAO and subsequent 24 hours of reperfusion, rats were evaluated for neurological deficits and cerebral infarction. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation, C3b deposition, and morphological changes in cerebral tissue were also estimated.

Results: SCR_15-18 pretreatment induced a 20% reduction of infarct size and an improvement of neurological function with 22·2% decrease of neurological deficit scores. Inhibition of cerebral neutrophils infiltration by SCR_15-18 was indicated from the reduction of myeloperoxidase activity in SCR_15-18+CI/R rats. Decreased C3b deposition and improved morphological changes were also found in cerebral tissue of SCR_15-18-treated rats.

Discussion: Our studies suggest a definitive moderately protective effect of SCR_15-18 against CI/R damage and provide preclinical experimental evidence supporting the possibility of using it as a small anti-complement therapeutic agent for CI/R injury therapy.     

丹皮酚对高脂血症大鼠降血脂及血管保护作用的实验研究

目的观察丹皮酚对高脂血症大鼠降血脂及血管保护作用。方法 48只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、丹皮酚低、中、高剂量组和辛伐他汀组,分别给予普通饲料、高脂饲料加丹皮酚,高脂饲料加辛伐他汀饲喂。干预40d后,12 h禁食,门静脉取血后处死动物,剥离出胸主动脉。检测各组血脂、一氧化氮(NO)含量及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活力。结果大鼠用高脂饲料喂养40 d后,与正常对照组比较,模型组甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)明显水平升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平降低,NO含量、eNOS活力明显降低(P0.05)。治疗组给予丹皮酚后,与模型组比较,丹皮酚低、中、高剂量组及辛伐他汀组TC、TG、LDL-C及动脉粥样硬化指数明显降低,HDL-C明显提高,NO含量、eNOS活力明显升高(P0.05),且丹皮酚的上述作用呈剂量依赖性。结论丹皮酚对高脂血症大鼠具有明显的降血脂作用且呈现一定的剂量依赖性,并对血管有保护作用。