全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27391篇 |
免费 | 2032篇 |
国内免费 | 1749篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 150篇 |
儿科学 | 244篇 |
妇产科学 | 411篇 |
基础医学 | 5420篇 |
口腔科学 | 563篇 |
临床医学 | 1663篇 |
内科学 | 3988篇 |
皮肤病学 | 286篇 |
神经病学 | 2025篇 |
特种医学 | 838篇 |
外国民族医学 | 8篇 |
外科学 | 2106篇 |
综合类 | 5522篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 1042篇 |
眼科学 | 277篇 |
药学 | 2221篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 963篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3441篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 32篇 |
2023年 | 188篇 |
2022年 | 354篇 |
2021年 | 528篇 |
2020年 | 499篇 |
2019年 | 483篇 |
2018年 | 455篇 |
2017年 | 680篇 |
2016年 | 721篇 |
2015年 | 847篇 |
2014年 | 1246篇 |
2013年 | 1398篇 |
2012年 | 1389篇 |
2011年 | 1739篇 |
2010年 | 1481篇 |
2009年 | 1484篇 |
2008年 | 1866篇 |
2007年 | 2052篇 |
2006年 | 2019篇 |
2005年 | 2034篇 |
2004年 | 1774篇 |
2003年 | 1567篇 |
2002年 | 1210篇 |
2001年 | 1037篇 |
2000年 | 806篇 |
1999年 | 684篇 |
1998年 | 549篇 |
1997年 | 459篇 |
1996年 | 340篇 |
1995年 | 267篇 |
1994年 | 253篇 |
1993年 | 143篇 |
1992年 | 135篇 |
1991年 | 102篇 |
1990年 | 106篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Maciej Tomaszewski James Eales Matthew Denniff Stephen Myers Guat Siew Chew Christopher P. Nelson Paraskevi Christofidou Aishwarya Desai Cara Büsst Lukasz Wojnar Katarzyna Musialik Jacek Jozwiak Radoslaw Debiec Anna F. Dominiczak Gerjan Navis Wiek H. van Gilst Pim van der Harst Nilesh J. Samani Stephen Harrap Pawel Bogdanski Ewa Zukowska-Szczechowska Fadi J. Charchar 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2015,26(12):3151-3160
The fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) gene is expressed primarily in the kidney and may contribute to hypertension. However, the biologic mechanisms underlying the association between FGF1 and BP regulation remain unknown. We report that the major allele of FGF1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs152524 was associated in a dose-dependent manner with systolic BP (P=9.65×10−5) and diastolic BP (P=7.61×10−3) in a meta-analysis of 14,364 individuals and with renal expression of FGF1 mRNA in 126 human kidneys (P=9.0×10−3). Next-generation RNA sequencing revealed that upregulated renal expression of FGF1 or of each of the three FGF1 mRNA isoforms individually was associated with higher BP. FGF1-stratified coexpression analysis in two separate collections of human kidneys identified 126 FGF1 partner mRNAs, of which 71 and 63 showed at least nominal association with systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Of those mRNAs, seven mRNAs in five genes (MME, PTPRO, REN, SLC12A3, and WNK1) had strong prior annotation to BP or hypertension. MME, which encodes an enzyme that degrades circulating natriuretic peptides, showed the strongest differential coexpression with FGF1 between hypertensive and normotensive kidneys. Furthermore, higher level of renal FGF1 expression was associated with lower circulating levels of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. These findings indicate that FGF1 expression in the kidney is at least under partial genetic control and that renal expression of several FGF1 partner genes involved in the natriuretic peptide catabolism pathway, renin-angiotensin cascade, and sodium handling network may explain the association between FGF1 and BP. 相似文献
993.
R. L. Heilman M. L. Smith S. M. Kurian J. Huskey R. K. Batra H. A. Chakkera N. N. Katariya H. Khamash A. Moss D. R. Salomon K. S. Reddy 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(8):2143-2151
Our aim was to determine outcomes with transplanting kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury, defined as a donor with terminal serum creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL, or a donor requiring acute renal replacement therapy. We included all patients who received deceased donor kidney transplant from June 2004 to October 2013. There were 162 AKI donor transplant recipients (21% of deceased donor transplants): 139 in the standard criteria donor (SCD) and 23 in the expanded criteria donor (ECD) cohort. 71% of the AKI donors had stage 3 (severe AKI), based on acute kidney injury network (AKIN) staging. Protocol biopsies were done at 1, 4, and 12 months posttransplant. One and four month formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsies from 48 patients (24 AKI donors, 24 non‐AKI) underwent global gene expression profiling using DNA microarrays (96 arrays). DGF was more common in the AKI group but eGFR, graft survival at 1 year and proportion with IF/TA>2 at 1 year were similar for the two groups. At 1 month, there were 898 differentially expressed genes in the AKI group (p‐value <0.005; FDR <10%), but by 4 months there were no differences. Transplanting selected kidneys from deceased donors with AKI is safe and has excellent outcomes. 相似文献
994.
Th‐17 Alloimmune Responses in Renal Allograft Biopsies From Recipients of Kidney Transplants Using Extended Criteria Donors During Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection 下载免费PDF全文
M. Matignon A. Aissat F. Canoui‐Poitrine C. Grondin C. Pilon D. Desvaux D. Saadoun Q. Barathon M. Garrido V. Audard P. Rémy P. Lang J. Cohen P. Grimbert 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(10):2718-2725
Although renal transplantation using expanded criteria donors has become a common practice, immune responses related to immunosenescence in those kidney allografts have not been studied yet in humans. We performed a retrospective molecular analysis of the T cell immune response in 43 kidney biopsies from patients with acute T cell–mediated rejection including 25 from recipients engrafted with a kidney from expanded criteria donor and 18 from recipients grafted with optimal kidney allograft. The clinical, transplant and acute T cell–mediated rejection characteristics of both groups were similar at baseline. The expression of RORγt, Il‐17 and T‐bet mRNA was significantly higher in the elderly than in the optimal group (p = 0.02, p = 0.036, and p = 0.01, respectively). Foxp3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in elderly patients experiencing successful acute T cell–mediated rejection reversal (p = 0.03). The presence of IL‐17 mRNA was strongly associated with nonsuccessful reversal in elderly patients (p = 0.008). Patients with mRNA IL17 expression detection and low mRNA Foxp3 expression experienced significantly more treatment failure (87.5%) than patients with no mRNA IL17 expression and/or high mRNA Foxp3 expression (26.7%; p = 0.017). Our study suggests that the Th17 pathway is involved in pathogenesis and prognosis of acute T cell–mediated rejection in recipients of expanded criteria allograft. 相似文献
995.
Adipose‐derived stem cells and keratinocytes in a chronic wound cell culture model: the role of hydroxyectoine 下载免费PDF全文
Oliver C Thamm Panagiotis Theodorou Ewa Stuermer Max J Zinser Edmund A Neugebauer Paul C Fuchs Paola Koenen 《International wound journal》2015,12(4):387-396
Chronic wounds represent a major socio‐economic problem in developed countries today. Wound healing is a complex biological process. It requires a well‐orchestrated interaction of mediators, resident cells and infiltrating cells. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes play a crucial role in tissue regeneration. In chronic wounds these processes are disturbed and cell viability is reduced. Hydroxyectoine (HyEc) is a membrane protecting osmolyte with protein and macromolecule stabilising properties. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) and keratinocytes were cultured with chronic wound fluid (CWF) and treated with HyEc. Proliferation was investigated using MTT test and migration was examined with transwell‐migration assay and scratch assay. Gene expression changes of basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9 were analysed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). CWF significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Addition of HyEc did not affect these results. Proliferation capacity of ASC was not influenced by CWF whereas migration was significantly enhanced. HyEc significantly reduced ASC migration. Expression of b‐FGF, VEGF, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in ASC, and b‐FGF, VEGF and MMP‐9 in keratinocytes was strongly induced by chronic wound fluid. HyEc enhanced CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP‐9 in keratinocytes. CWF negatively impaired keratinocyte function, which was not influenced by HyEc. ASC migration was stimulated by CWF, whereas HyEc significantly inhibited migration of ASC. CWF induced gene expression of VEGF in ASC and MMP‐9 in keratinocytes was enhanced by HyEc, which might partly be explained by an RNA stabilising effect of HyEc. 相似文献
996.
Eva Ludvigsen Carina Carlsson Eva Tiensuu Janson Stellan Sandler Mats Stridsberg 《Upsala journal of medical sciences》2015,120(3):157-168
Background
Somatostatin acts through five receptor subtypes (SSTRs 1–5). We aimed to investigate SSTRs mRNA expression and protein distribution in whole rat embryos, with special emphasis on the pancreas.Material and methods
Rat embryos were collected on embryonal days 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, and at birth. Presence of SSTRs was investigated with RT-PCR techniques and immunohistochemistry.Results
There was no SSTR5 mRNA expression in the whole rat embryos. All SSTR1–5 proteins were observed at embryonal day 10, but the localization varied between the different subtypes. From day 11 to birth SSTRs protein presence increased with time in major structures such as skin and cartilage. It remained similar over time in the heart and liver. In the fetal pancreas mRNA expression of SSTR2 and 4 was detected at day 14, and there was an increase up to birth. Only SSTR1 protein co-localized to a higher extent with the islet hormones studied. SSTR2 was present in all islet endocrine cells except for β-cells. In contrast, the immunostaining for SSTR3–4 was co-localized with insulin and PP, and, finally, SSTR5 with glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide. In mRNA isolated from whole rat embryos SSTR1-2 and SSTR4 expression showed a peak at day 14, while SSTR3 mRNA was not present until day 15.Conclusion
The present data suggest a role for SSTRs during the development of the rat embryo. Subsequent functional studies may elucidate regulatory roles of specific SSTRs for the growth and differentiation of the pancreas as well as other organs. 相似文献997.
998.
999.
Cox CD McCollum JM Allen MS Dar RD Simpson ML 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2008,105(31):10809-10814
Stochastic fluctuations (or “noise”) in the single-cell populations of molecular species are shaped by the structure and biokinetic rates of the underlying gene circuit. The structure of the noise is summarized by its autocorrelation function. In this article, we introduce the noise regulatory vector as a generalized framework for making inferences concerning the structure and biokinetic rates of a gene circuit from its noise autocorrelation function. Although most previous studies have focused primarily on the magnitude component of the noise (given by the zero-lag autocorrelation function), our approach also considers the correlation component, which encodes additional information concerning the circuit. Theoretical analyses and simulations of various gene circuits show that the noise regulatory vector is characteristic of the composition of the circuit. Although a particular noise regulatory vector does not map uniquely to a single underlying circuit, it does suggest possible candidate circuits, while excluding others, thereby demonstrating the probative value of noise in gene circuit analysis. 相似文献
1000.
胰腺癌中nm23基因的表达 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨nm23基因及蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达水平及其与转移的关系。方法:用Northern blot分析、原位杂交及免疫组织化学法分别对16例正常胰腺及29例胰腺癌中的nm23基因及蛋白的表达进行检测。结果:nm23在胰腺癌组织中的表达高于正常胰腺组织,无转移的胰腺癌组织nm23表达高于有转移的胰腺癌组织,结论:nm23与胰腺癌的转移和恶化密切相关。 相似文献