Tumor cryoablation in combination with natural killer cells therapy and Herceptin in patients with HER2-overexpressing recurrent breast cancer

In this study, we investigated the clinical benefits of a combination of tumor cryoablation with natural killer (NK) cells therapy and Herceptin for human epidermal growth factor (HER) 2-overexpressing recurrent breast cancer. From May 2015 to May 2016, 48 patients who met the enrollment criteria were assigned to three groups (n = 16): cryoablation group (group I), cryoablation-NK cells therapy group (group II) and cryoablation-NK cells therapy-Herceptin group (group III). Safety and short-term effects were evaluated. All the adverse effects were manageable and acceptable. The three-therapy combination treatment not only yielded good clinical efficacy, it also improved the quality of life; reduced levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs); reduced carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) expression; enhanced immune function significantly. Furthermore, it can resulte in significant prolongation of progression free survival (PFS). This is the first clinical study to demonstrate the benefit of the three-therapy combination of tumor cryoablation, NK cells therapy, and Herceptin for HER2-overexpressing recurrent breast cancer.     

Transverse plane 3D analysis of mild scoliosis

Purpose

To demonstrate the reality of a transverse plane pattern independent of the scoliotic curve location and to show the importance of the transverse plane pattern in the assessment of the progression risk in a population of mild scoliosis.

Methods

Spines of 111 patients with adolescent idiopathic mild scoliosis were reconstructed using biplanar stereoradiography. The apical axial rotation, the intervertebral axial rotation at junctions and the torsion index were computed. Mean values of each parameter were compared between thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar curves. Then a cluster analysis was performed using these parameters on 78 patients with effective outcomes at skeletal maturity. The effective outcomes and the results reached with the statistical analysis were compared and analyzed (ROC and logistic regression).

Results

No statistical difference was observed when considering each parameter between the different types of curves. Two clusters independent of the curve type were identified. The mean values of transverse plane parameters were significantly higher in Cluster 1 than in Cluster 2. 91 % of patients classified in Cluster 1 had progressive curve and 73 % of patients classified in Cluster 2 remained stable at skeletal maturity. All parameters were good predictors but the best was the torsion index.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that a transverse plane pattern combining apical axial rotation, the intervertebral axial rotation at junctions and the torsion index is independent of the scoliotic curve location and significant in the determination of the progression risk of mild scoliosis.     

Expression of Opa interacting protein 5 (OIP5) is associated with tumor stage and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Opa interacting protein 5 (OIP5), overexpressed in some types of human cancers, has been reported to be associated with the carcinogenesis of human cancer. However, the biological function and clinical significance of OIP5 in human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) remains unknown. In the present study, we found the expression of OIP5 was markedly upregulated in surgical CCRCC specimens and CCRCC cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that paraffin-embedded archival CCRCC specimens exhibited higher levels of OIP5 expression than normal renal tissues. Further statistical analysis suggested the upregulation of OIP5 was positively correlated with the Fuhrman grade (P = 0.02), T classification (P = 0.015), N classification (P = 0.018) and clinical stage (P = 0.035). Also, patients with high OIP5 expression dramatically exhibited shorter survival time (P = 0.001). In addition, the OIP5 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall survival of CCRCC patients in a multivariate analysis (P = 0.008). Experimentally, we demonstrated that silencing OIP5 in CCRCC cell lines by specific siRNA clearly inhibited cell growth. In conclusion, our findings suggested that OIP5 could be a valuable marker of CCRCC progression and prognosis, and a promising therapeutic target for CCRCC.     

Role of Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging before Confirmatory Biopsy in Assessing the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression during Active Surveillance

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) before confirmatory prostate biopsy in patients under active surveillance (AS).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 170 patients with Gleason grade 6 prostate cancer initially enrolled in an AS program between 2011 and 2019. Prostate mpMRI was performed using a 1.5 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging system with a 16-channel phased-array body coil. The protocol included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequences. Uroradiology reports generated by a specialist were based on prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) version 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on regression models.ResultsThe reclassification rate at confirmatory biopsy was higher in patients with suspicious lesions on mpMRI (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) (n = 47) than in patients with non-suspicious mpMRIs (n = 61) and who did not undergo mpMRIs (n = 62) (66%, 26.2%, and 24.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) was associated (adjusted odds ratio: 4.72) with the risk of reclassification at confirmatory biopsy after adjusting for the main variables (age, prostate-specific antigen density, number of positive cores, number of previous biopsies, and clinical stage). Presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.62) was also associated with the risk of progression to active treatment during the follow-up.ConclusionInclusion of mpMRI before the confirmatory biopsy is useful to stratify the risk of reclassification during the biopsy as well as to evaluate the risk of progression to active treatment during follow-up.     

谷氨酸与缺血性卒中早期神经功能恶化

缺血性卒中早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END)的机制尚不明确,也缺乏可靠的预测因素和有效的防治措施.谷氨酸介导的兴奋性毒性机制在缺血事件级联反应中发挥着很重要的作用.血浆谷氨酸水平增高是END的重要预测因素之一.研究表明,兴奋性氨基酸转运体-2基因启动子区多态性是个体对END易感性的潜在原因.一些拮抗谷氨酸能通路的治疗策略可作为干预END的策略.     

Progressive chronic kidney disease in primary care: Modifiable risk factors and predictive model

Objective

To determine the incidence and prevalence of CKD and of progressive GFR decline, to identify modifiable risk factors of and to develop a predictive risk model for progressive GFR decline in high risk primary care patients.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of 803 patients with or at high risk of CKD exclusively managed in primary care. Baseline data was collected in 2003, follow-up data in 2006. High risk was defined as inadequately controlled hypertension or diabetes, and GFR < 60, progressive GFR decline as annual GFR decline > 2.5 ml min^− 1 1.73 m^− 2.

Results

CKD was present in 25.4% at baseline and developed in further 13.7% during follow-up, 42.5% demonstrated progressive GFR decline. Obesity, proteinuria, heart failure, inadequate hypertension and diabetes control, lacking angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor-blockers, radio contrast, and dual renin–angiotensin-aldosterone-system blockade were identified as modifiable, independent risk factors of progressive GFR decline. The risk model, containing 7 readily obtainable variables, showed good discriminative ability.

Conclusions

High risk primary care patients demonstrated high CKD prevalence and incidence, and rate of progressive GFR decline. Identified risk factors can be modified in primary care. Our risk model may aid primary care physicians to predict patients at high risk of progressive GFR decline.     

绝经后子宫内膜息肉发病及恶变的相关危险因素分析

目的 研究绝经后子宫内膜息肉发病及恶变的相关危险因素.方法 选择2012年5月至2016年3月本院收治的绝经后行宫腔镜检查的患者共542例,根据病理结果分为子宫内膜息肉组(EP)275例和非子宫内膜息肉组(NEP) 267例,其中子宫内膜息肉组又分为良性子宫内膜息肉组(BEP组)262例和恶性子宫内膜息肉组(MEP)13例,对所有患者的病例资料及可能出现的危险致变因素进行统计分析.结果 多因素Logistic回归分析发现绝经后慢性子宫内膜炎、宫颈息肉与绝经后子宫内膜发病关联较大而年龄≥60岁、绝经后阴道出血、绝经年限≥10年与绝经后子宫内膜息肉恶变关联较大(均P＜ 0.05).结论 绝经后慢性子宫内膜炎、宫颈息肉与绝经后子宫内膜息肉发病关联较大,年龄≥60岁、绝经后阴道出血、绝经年限≥10年与绝经后子宫内膜息肉恶变关联较大,研究结果为其在临床预防和治疗提供依据.