中草药的免疫作用

综述了中草药的免疫促进作用及抗炎免疫抑制作用，并分别阐述了其免疫有效成分、方剂、作用机理及研究进展。为开发、应用具有免疫作用的中草药提供了重要理论。     

高效液相色谱法测定魔芋精粉中葡甘露聚糖的含量及其单糖组成

目的:建立魔芋精粉中葡甘露聚糖(Konjac glucomannan,KGM)的含量及其单糖组成分析的测定方法。方法:还原单糖用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡啉唑酮衍生化后采用反相高效液相色谱法,分段梯度洗脱,检测波长250 nm。通过内标法和外标法的结合对2种单糖的定量进行了方法学研究,同时测定了魔芋精粉中KGM含量。结果:该方法甘露糖在1.001～8.008nmoL线性关系良好(r=0.9994);葡萄糖在1.002～8.016nmoL线性关系良好(r=0.9990),KGM平均回收率为98.1％,相对标准偏差为1.84％,重现性为1.72％,KGM含量为79.5％,其单糖组成为Glc:Man=1:1.51。结论:此方法简便、快速,可同时测定KGM含量及其单糖组成,便于魔芋精粉的质量评价。     

Permeant lipophilicity and vehicle composition influence accumulation of dyes in hair follicles of human skin

In skin and hair research drug targeting to the hair follicle is of great interest. Therefore the influence of permeant lipophilicity and vehicle composition on local accumulation has been examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Formulations saturated with either Oregon Green^® 488, Bodipy^® FL C₅ or Bodipy^® 564/570 C₅ were prepared. The dyes were applied in citric acid buffer, 8% (w/v) surfactants in citric acid buffer or 8% (w/v) surfactants/20% (w/v) propylene glycol in citric acid buffer. Flow-through diffusion experiments were performed with fresh human scalp skin, after which the skin was imaged using CLSM. Diffusion studies showed for Oregon Green^® 488 (low lipophilicity) a higher flux when applied in citric acid buffer compared to surfactants. In contrast the fluxes of the more lipophilic dyes (Bodipy^® FL C₅ and Bodipy^® 564/570 C₅) are highest when applied in surfactants/propylene glycol. CLSM studies revealed that follicular accumulation increased with (i) a lipophilic dye and (ii) application of lipophilic dyes in surfactants–propylene glycol. Therefore we conclude that targeting to the hair follicle can be increased by the use of lipophilic drugs in combination with surfactant solutions and propylene glycol.     

Influence of body composition on quantitative ultrasound parameters of the os calcis in a population-based sample of pre- and postmenopausal women

Body mass is known to be related to measures of bone mineral density (BMD) as well as to parameters of quantitative ultrasound (US). To examine the effect of the body compartment's fat mass and lean body mass on quantitative ultrasonic bone parameters, data from a sample of 3241 German women were analyzed. Anthropometric measures, including skinfold thickness, were obtained from standardized measurements, and fat and lean body mass were derived from classical regression formulas based on skinfold measurements. Ultrasonic bone measurements were performed on the right os calcis, and speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were determined. Women were grouped into pre- and postmenopausal status; postmenopausal women were further stratified into ever and never hormone-replacement user. Correlation analysis indicated lean body mass to be stronger correlated with BUA than fat mass in both pre- (r = 0.23; P= 0.0001) and postmenopausal women with (r = 0.19; P= 0.0001) and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (r = 0.26; p = 0.0001). SOS demonstrated very small or no associations with body mass or its components. Multiple linear regression models were used to describe the relationship among body weight, fat mass, and lean body mass on BUA after adjustment for confounding variables. Both in pre- and postmenopausal women lean body mass was more strongly related to BUA than fat mass. However, body mass measures explained only small amounts of the overall variance in BUA (R²= 1–3% in premenopausal women; R²= 1% postmenopausal with HRT; R²= 4–5% in postmenopausal women without HRT). In conclusion, the strong influence of body mass and its components previously reported for BMD was not observed for quantitative ultrasonic bone parameters. Received: 5 January 1999 / Accepted: 1 July 1999     

Evaluation of Differences Between Fan-Beam and Pencil-Beam Densitometers

We compared the bone and body composition results in vivo on two bone densitometers using fan-beam geometry (EXPERT and PRODIGY) with those using pencil-beam geometry (DPX). Measurements were made on large groups of adults ranging in weight from about 50 to 120 kg. Both spine and femur neck BMD on the fan-beam densitometers averaged within 1% of the pencil-beam results, and there was no magnitude dependence of the results by Bland-Altman analysis. Total body BMC and BMD on the PRODIGY and DPX were congruent, but on the EXPERT, BMC was about 2% lower and BMD 2% higher than corresponding values on the DPX. Soft-tissue composition was closely congruent for the PRODIGY and DPX; the comparable EXPERT-DPX differences showed greater scatter but no significant magnitude dependence. The smaller fan-angle of the PRODIGY (4°) probably contributed to its better congruence to pencil-beam results compared with the EXPERT (12°). Received: 23 February 2000 / Accepted: 14 April 2000 / Online publication: 27 July 2000     

中医证的构成与证的表现形式--临床辨证灵活性的理论基础

提出中医“证的构成”与“证的表现形式”，阐述临床上证候表现之所以错纵复杂、变化多端的关键所在，意为临床辨证的灵活性提供理论依据。     

五味子成分TLC分析条件综述

对五味子甲素、五味子乙素及其药材进行了薄层分析条件综述，为五味子及其成分的分析鉴别提供参考。     

麻黄汤中臣佐使药对君药中伪麻黄碱的人体药代学的影响

目的:以君药效应成分伪麻黄碱(pseudo-ephedrine,PE)为指标,用GC-MS法考察不同配伍对PE药代学参数的影响规律,探索麻黄汤方中臣佐使药对君药人体内过程的影响。方法:对麻黄汤作正交设计拆成8个配伍组,每组8名健康男性志愿者,服药后在不同时间点抽取静脉血,测定血清中PE的含量,绘制药-时曲线;选用药代软件Win-Nonlin4.0.1求算药代学参数;采用SPSS10.0软件对药代参数进行统计分析。结果:所有药时曲线均符合无滞后开放式一房室动力学模型;不同配伍对PE的部分药代学参数有显著影响(P<0.05);方中各药味对PE的部分药代参数的影响有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。结论:臣佐使药对方中君药有效成分伪麻黄碱的药代学参数有一定影响。     

不同品种早稻糙米蛋白质和氨基酸组成研究

目的:研究安徽省12个品种早稻糙米的蛋白质和氨基酸含量及其组成特性。方法:通过化学分析评价不同品种早稻糙米蛋白质的营养价值。结果:12种早稻糙米蛋白质含量平均为9.19%,其中谷蛋白占总蛋白的76.70%,是主要的蛋白组分;其次是清蛋白,占总蛋白的11.80%;醇溶谷蛋白含量最少,仅为4.30%。氨基酸分析结果显示,12种早稻糙米中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、精氨酸和亮氨酸含量丰富,而胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸含量较少。赖氨酸和苏氨酸分别是第1和第2限制性氨基酸。必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值均在55%以上。结论:与WHO模式相比,早稻糙米蛋白质具有较好的氨基酸组成,是一种优质蛋白质。     

人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力的初步研究

目的　建立测试人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力的体系 ,研究语后聋成人和语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后对音乐感知的能力。方法　构建测试用的标准钢琴音调和乐曲测试素材库 ,运用该素材库在CakewalkPro 8.0平台上进行音调和乐曲的感知能力测试 ,测试对象包括已植入多导人工耳蜗的 2名语后聋成人、8名语前聋儿童和各自的正常对照组。结果　建立了一个可用于人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力测试的系统。音调差异感知阈 (df/f)在植入人工耳蜗的语后聋成人和语前聋儿童分别为 7.78%± 6 .6 3%和 14 .4 9%± 11.2 0 % ,与各自正常人对照组比较有显著性差异 ;但两组间无显著性差异。植入人工耳蜗的语后聋成人在熟悉乐曲测试中 ,对正确乐曲的感知差异度为 - 2 .75± 0 .35 (半音 ) ,离散度为 1.5 0± 0 .71(半音 ) ,都与正常成人有显著性差异。结论　运用数字音乐技术和MIDI软件建立的这一测试系统能够方便的测试人工耳蜗植入者的音乐感知能力。人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力不及正常人