中医证的构成与证的表现形式--临床辨证灵活性的理论基础

提出中医“证的构成”与“证的表现形式”，阐述临床上证候表现之所以错纵复杂、变化多端的关键所在，意为临床辨证的灵活性提供理论依据。     

人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力的初步研究

目的　建立测试人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力的体系 ,研究语后聋成人和语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后对音乐感知的能力。方法　构建测试用的标准钢琴音调和乐曲测试素材库 ,运用该素材库在CakewalkPro 8.0平台上进行音调和乐曲的感知能力测试 ,测试对象包括已植入多导人工耳蜗的 2名语后聋成人、8名语前聋儿童和各自的正常对照组。结果　建立了一个可用于人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力测试的系统。音调差异感知阈 (df/f)在植入人工耳蜗的语后聋成人和语前聋儿童分别为 7.78%± 6 .6 3%和 14 .4 9%± 11.2 0 % ,与各自正常人对照组比较有显著性差异 ;但两组间无显著性差异。植入人工耳蜗的语后聋成人在熟悉乐曲测试中 ,对正确乐曲的感知差异度为 - 2 .75± 0 .35 (半音 ) ,离散度为 1.5 0± 0 .71(半音 ) ,都与正常成人有显著性差异。结论　运用数字音乐技术和MIDI软件建立的这一测试系统能够方便的测试人工耳蜗植入者的音乐感知能力。人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力不及正常人     

Differences between Four Skinfold Calipers in the Assessment of Adipose Tissue in Young Adult Healthy Population

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of four different skinfold calipers, as well as to establish the differences between them in a healthy young adult population. Methods: The present study followed a cross-sectional design, including 138 participants, with 69 males (21.46 ± 2.52 years) and 69 females (22.19 ± 2.85 years). The measurement protocol included basic measurements of body mass and stretch stature and eight skinfolds with a Harpenden, Holtain, Slim Guide, and Lipowise. The ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds and fat mass were calculated. The order in which the skinfold calipers were used was randomized. Results: No significant differences were found in either the Σ6 and Σ8 skinfolds or masses and fat percentages calculated with the skinfolds obtained with the different calipers (p > 0.05), and the inclusion of the covariates of sex, BMI, and hydration status of the participants showed no effect on the differences. The Bland–Altman test showed significant differences between the calipers (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It has been observed that the analyzed calipers have shown validity for the assessment of adiposity-related variables in a male and female sample of non-overweight, young healthy adults, but they are not interchangeable with each other when the assessment is meant to be compared over time or with other samples.     

Long-Term Effect of Gluten-Free Diets on Nutritional Status,Body Composition,and Associated Factors in Adult Saudi Females with Celiac Disease

This cross-sectional study examines the influence of long-term gluten-free diet (GFD) consumption on nutritional status, body composition, and associated factors in adult Saudi females with celiac diseases (CD). Fifty-one patients who have been diagnosed with CD and have been on GFD for more than 1 year were included in this study where data regarding their dietary pattern, as well as a complete analysis of their anthropometric parameters, vitamins B12 and D levels, and complete blood count (CBC), were collected. Data have shown that all included patients showed a reduced intake in all micro and macro-nutrients, as well as vitamin D, folate, calcium, and iron. However, the vast majority of all measured hematological parameters and blood indices were within the expected reference range. In addition, 51%, 43.1%, and 60.8% of the patients showed low waist/hip ratio (WHR), decreased level of total body fat (BF), and decreased level of visceral fat (VF), respectively, whereas 33.3% were slim. The poor educational level and some psychosocial factors were associated with the poor nutritional status of the patients. In conclusion, the GFD-dependent intake by female patients with CD adversely affects their nutritional intake and anthropometric indices and leads to a deficiency in major nutrients, vitamins, and ions.     

苦针汤的组方研究

目的：对苗药苦针汤进行组方基础研究和新药开发研究。方法：以该方对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、白色葡萄球菌、致病性大肠杆菌（1）的抑制作用为考察指标，运用混料均匀设计法将组成苦针汤中的4味药配制成12种不同比例的复方，通过抗菌实验，测试用药抗菌能力。结果：建立回归方程．对回归方程及其中各项系数进行检验，求抗菌效果最佳时的变量取值。结论：回归方程通过检验，有意义、可用；苦参、黄芩对抑菌效果的贡献不显著，其余两味药以19．56g和11．84g组方时抗菌效果最佳，优于理论计算值。     

Rhombohedral Phase Formation in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Induced by Dental Technical Tools and Its Impact on Dental Applications

In the study the influence of different dental technical tools on the surface temperature and phase composition of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of yttria-partially stabilized zirconia polycrystals (3Y-/4Y-/5Y-PSZ) was investigated. FDPs were fabricated by using computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The FDPs were treated with a contra-angle handpiece equipped with different burs and polishers. The resulting surface temperatures were measured with a thermographic camera, and the resulting phase transformations were investigated by X-ray diffraction and quantified by Rietveld refinement. Processing with burs resulted in no phase transformation, but a preferred orientation shift. Using coarse polisher induced a phase transformation to the rhombohedral phase, while fine polishers produced no relevant phase transformations and no preferred orientation shift. Compared to the monoclinic phase (ca. 9% theoretical volume increase), which is associated with low-temperature degradation (LTD), the rhombohedral phase is much more voluminous (ca. 15% theoretical volume increase) and distorted and, therefore, has a greater degradation potential.     

普高与空军青航校毕业生抗荷体质差异

目的 对比青少年航空学校学员与普通高中生招飞抗荷体质相关指标差异,探索青少年航空学校抗荷体质训练成果并为训练方案优化提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取参加2022年空军招飞医学选拔定选阶段的部分青航校高三学员与同年级普通高中生作为研究对象,青航校学员按照既定培养方案,在高中阶段开展专项抗荷体质训练,并通过问卷调查收集普通高中生体育锻炼情况,纳入身体尺寸、身体成分、肌肉力量等指标进行对照研究,采用SPSS.26进行统计学分析。结果 青航校学员身高、四肢长、平静胸围、体质量均显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05),二者坐高无统计学差异。青航校学员SMI显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05),但体脂率对比无显著差异(P＞0.05);青航校学员背力与腿力均值/峰值显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05);SMI与抗荷力量呈显著正相关,体脂率与抗荷力量不存在显著相关。青航校学员与普通高中生SMI分布存在差异,青航校学员的高SMI比例更高、低SMI比例更低(P＜0.05),而青航校与普通高中生体脂率分布无统计学差异(P＞0.05);结论 青航校抗荷体质训练在抗荷相关肌肉力量提高方面成效显著,但是在体脂率控制方面仍存在改进空间,未来青航校抗荷体质训练需要兼顾肌肉训练与体脂控制。     

Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Food Composition Databases: A Review

Evidence-based knowledge of the relationship between foods and nutrients is needed to inform dietary-based guidelines and policy. Proper and tailored statistical methods to analyse food composition databases (FCDBs) could assist in this regard. This review aims to collate the existing literature that used any statistical method to analyse FCDBs, to identify key trends and research gaps. The search strategy yielded 4238 references from electronic databases of which 24 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Information on the objectives, statistical methods, and results was extracted. Statistical methods were mostly applied to group similar food items (37.5%). Other aims and objectives included determining associations between the nutrient content and known food characteristics (25.0%), determining nutrient co-occurrence (20.8%), evaluating nutrient changes over time (16.7%), and addressing the accuracy and completeness of databases (16.7%). Standard statistical tests (33.3%) were the most utilised followed by clustering (29.1%), other methods (16.7%), regression methods (12.5%), and dimension reduction techniques (8.3%). Nutrient data has unique characteristics such as correlated components, natural groupings, and a compositional nature. Statistical methods used for analysis need to account for this data structure. Our summary of the literature provides a reference for researchers looking to expand into this area.     

带鱼下脚料蛋白水解物的营养成分分析

<正>带鱼(Hairtail)主要分布于太平洋北部及西北部和中国的东海和黄海,年捕获量达500万吨。在加工过程中会产生许多下脚料,其重量约占原料鱼的40%～50%。带鱼下脚料中含有丰富营养成分,有些组分甚至还有一定的功能特性,因而是一类重要的生物资源。长期以来,为更有效