学前教育与乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性儿童心理行为关系的研究

目的探讨学前教育与乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性儿童心理行为的关系,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用中国8~12岁儿童气质量表（Chinese school children temperament scale,CSTS）和Achenbach儿童行为量表（Child BehaviorChecklist,CBCL）以及自制的儿童基本情况调查表,对57例未接受过学前教育和45例接受过学前教育的HBsAg阳性儿童进行测试和比较,并收集患儿的健康状况等信息。结果1未接受过学前教育的HBsAg阳性儿童在节律性、趋避性、心境和持久性等4个气质维度得分明显高于接受过学前教育的HBsAg阳性儿童,差异存在非常显著性或显著性（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;2在退缩、焦虑/抑郁、注意问题、攻击性行为、内向性行为和行为问题总分等行为因子得分明显高于接受过学前教育的HBsAg阳性儿童,差异存在非常显著性（P〈0.01）。结论未接受过学前教育的HBsAg阳性儿童存在更多的心理行为问题。建议开设幼儿园,专门接受这些HBsAg阳性儿童,促进其身心健康成长。     

兰州市城区3~6岁儿童2001~2010年体格发育变化趋势分析

目的：调查分析兰州市城区3~6岁儿童2001~2010年的体格发育变化趋势。方法：依据该地地理、社会功能区特征、参考幼儿园公私立等性质,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取35所幼儿园儿童在2001、2006及2010年的体检资料。以身高、体重及体重指数（BMI）为主要指标分析其变化趋势。以Z评分,即年龄别身高（HAZ）、年龄别体重（WAZ）和身高别体重（WHZ）3项指标筛查其生长迟缓、低体重、超重、消瘦和肥胖情况并分析变化趋势。结果：该人群在同年龄段身高、体重、BMI等数值有逐年增长趋势（P<0.05）;且在同一检测年份中该人群身高和体重随年龄增长而增长,BMI随年龄增长呈逐渐减小趋势;Z评分分析发现3项指标平均值逐年增加（P<0.05）,低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦的平均患病率逐年下降,而超重和肥胖平均患病率则逐年上升。结论：兰州市城区3~6岁儿童2001~2010年间体格发育变化明显,身高、体重呈增长趋势,生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦等体格发育问题在逐渐改善,但也出现如超重、肥胖等新的体格发育障碍问题。提示应在注重营养不良问题改善的同时高度关注营养过剩的体格发育障碍问题。     

新疆阿拉尔市学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

目的了解新疆阿拉尔市学龄前儿童蛲虫感染现状,为蛲虫病的防治提供可靠的依据。方法2008年秋季和2009年春季分别采用了透明胶纸肛拭法、棉签拭子法、棉拭漂浮法,进行了蛲虫感染的检查。结果所检查的4所幼儿园的561名2-6岁的学龄前儿童中蛲虫总的感染率为1.25%;男童1.2%,女童1.1%,男、女童感染率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;本组5-6岁年龄段儿童的感染率（2.32%）高于3-4岁（0.41%）及2岁（0）,不同年龄段蛲虫感染率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论年龄与蛲虫感染率的高低密切相关,其中还检查出1例蛔虫感染者。     

深圳市社区儿童意外伤害教育干预效果评价

目的:探索有效预防儿童意外伤害的干预措施。方法:以深圳市横岗镇19所幼儿园和4个社康中心的学龄前儿童和家长为研究对象,对儿童和家长进行教育干预,干预期为一年,分别在干预前后进行问卷调查,并对干预效果进行评价。结果:干预后家长对伤害的认知水平有所提高。与干预前比较,各类伤害发生率均有下降。经统计学检验,机械伤、中毒、意外跌落差异有统计学意义。结论:对学龄前儿童及其家长进行意外伤害教育干预,能有效预防儿童意外伤害的发生。     

在幼儿教育专业学生中开展口腔保健健康教育的效果评价

目的:了解健康教育对幼儿教育专业学生口腔保健相关知识、态度的影响。方法:以371名幼儿教育专业学生为研究对象,于健康教育前后,对学生进行口腔保健相关知识和态度方面的不记名问卷调查。结果:教育后学生口腔保健的基本知识平均得分由教育前的12.1分提高到17.8分(满分19分),两者相比差异有显著性。教育后对口腔保健及其相关问题的正向态度率均明显高于教育前。电化教育、文字教育和讲座是学生最希望获得口腔保健知识的方式。结论:在幼儿教育专业学生中开展有关口腔保健的健康教育,不仅必要而且可行和有效,对增加学生口腔保健的基本知识、树立与口腔保健有关的正确态度都有积极的影响,为他们今后在托幼机构的工作中,对学龄前儿童开展口腔健康教育奠定了一定的基础。     

重庆市某郊区学龄前儿童维生素A营养状况及其影响因素分析

目的:了解学龄前儿童维生素A营养状况,并对其影响因素进行分析,为制定适当的干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用整群抽样,对重庆市某郊区8个幼儿园3～6岁878名儿童进行现况调查,包括身体测量指标检查、生化指标检查(用高效液相色谱测定血清视黄醇)及相关影响因素问卷调查。结果:儿童血清视黄醇(VA)平均值(1.064±0.272)μmol/L,VA缺乏(VA浓度<0.7μmol/L)的检出率为22.41%(234/878),亚临床缺乏(0.7μmol/L相似文献   

Patterns of Nonverbal Cognitive Functioning in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Previous research demonstrates an uneven pattern of cognitive abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study examined whether this uneven pattern exists within the nonverbal domain in young children. We hypothesized relative strengths in perceptual abilities and weaknesses in nonverbal conceptual abilities in preschoolers with ASDs compared to groups with non-autism developmental delays and typical development. Profiles were examined using the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised. The ASD group displayed clear relative strengths in visuospatial disembedding and detail-focused processing, with relative weaknesses in abstraction and concept formation. This contrasted with patterns of roughly equivalent abilities in both comparison groups. These findings have implications for subsequent development and may represent key features of the cognitive profile of autism.     

Temporal Coordination of Joint Attention Behavior in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The current study investigated initiating and following declarative joint attention, and initiating requesting joint attention in a group of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and an age-matched control group. Different forms of joint attention were elicited while children interacted with their mothers. Temporal coordination of the children's joint attention behavior was examined using three levels of coding. Children with ASD showed less but similar requesting abilities and slower point following combined with an abnormal behavioral pattern of looking at the other person's pointing finger instead of the object pointed at. Initiating declarative behavior was qualitatively and quantitatively different, characterized by isolated instances of communication instead of a fluent shift of attention between object and person.     

Effects of a therapeutic intervention for foster preschoolers on diurnal cortisol activity

Atypical diurnal patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have been observed in samples of individuals following early life adversity. A characteristic pattern arising from disrupted caregiving is a low early-morning cortisol level that changes little from morning to evening. Less well understood is the plasticity of the HPA axis in response to subsequent supportive caregiving environments. Monthly early-morning and evening cortisol levels were assessed over 12 months in a sample of 3-6-year-old foster children enrolled in a randomized trial of a family-based therapeutic intervention (N=117; intervention condition, n=57; regular foster care condition, n=60), and a community comparison group of same-aged, non-maltreated children from low-income families (n=60). Latent growth analyses revealed stable and typical diurnal (morning-to-evening) cortisol activity among non-maltreated children. Foster children in the intervention condition exhibited cortisol activity that became comparable to the non-maltreated children over the course of the study. In contrast, children in regular foster care condition exhibited increasingly flattened morning-to-evening cortisol activity over the course of the study. In sum, improvements in caregiving following early adversity appear to have the potential to reverse or prevent disruptions in HPA axis functioning.