家长对学龄前儿童发热知识认知及需求的调查研究

目的调查家长对学龄前儿童发热知识的认知和需求情况,为进一步做好发热知识的健康教育工作提供科学的理论依据．方法采用自行设计的学龄前儿童发热知识问卷,以无记名方式对528名学龄前儿童家长进行调查。结果家长对学龄前儿童发热的常规知识掌握较好,但是对儿童高热惊厥等急救知识及物理降温知识知晓率较低;高学历和文教卫生工作者的家长对学龄前儿童发热知识知晓率高;家长对学龄前儿童发热知识的需求较高;大多数家长选择阅读宣传小册子和上网学习获取发热相关知识。结论积极开展学龄前儿童发热知识的健康教育非常重要,医务工作者有必要加强对低学历的和非文教卫生工作者家长的宣教,并开发适合家长的学龄前儿童发热的健康资料。     

家庭环境与儿童行为的相关性研究

目的：探讨父母养育方式，家庭环境及父母个性对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响。方法：采用Achenbanch儿童行为量表（CBCL），父母养育方式评定量表（EMBU），家庭环境量表中文版（FES－CV），艾森克人格问卷（成人）,用分层整群抽样法对杭州市452例学龄儿童进行了调查评定。结果：父母养育方式中惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、过度保护和家庭环境的亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、文化性、道德性、组织性及母亲个性N分高与儿童行为问题相关。结论：改善父母养育方式和家庭环境是预防和矫治儿童行为不良的有效措施。     

体感游戏在学龄前期肱骨髁上骨折患儿围手术期的应用效果研究

目的 探讨体感游戏在学龄前期肱骨髁上骨折患儿围手术期的应用效果。方法 选择2018年6月～2019年5月在我院小儿骨科病房行肱骨髁上骨折切开复位克氏针内固定术的90例学龄前患儿作为研究对象。按入院先后顺序分为实验组和对照组,各45例,实验组实施与患儿围手术期治疗、护理相匹配的体感游戏干预,而对照组实施常规围手术期护理。比较两组患儿焦虑程度、康复治疗依从性、肘关节功能评分及患儿家长的满意度。结果实验组患儿焦虑程度、康复治疗依从性(91.11%)及患儿家长的满意度评分(92.15±0.39)分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患儿肘关节功能评分方面无明显差异(P=0.719)。结论 体感游戏干预可降低患儿的焦虑程度,提高患儿治疗依从性,提升患儿家长的满意度,为患儿提供一种更适宜、更全面、更具趣味性的护理方案,为临床小儿骨科患儿的护理提供重要的参考价值。     

合肥市856名学龄前儿童睡眠问题分析

目的 分析合肥市学龄前儿童睡眠问题,为改善儿童睡眠健康提供依据。方法 合肥市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心于2018年4～6月采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷对合肥市瑶海区、新站区856名3～6岁儿童家长进行调查,观察比较学龄前儿童就寝时间及夜间睡眠时间,分析学龄前儿童睡眠问题及其危险因素。结果 合肥市学龄前儿童平均每日就寝时间为21：39,夜间睡眠时间为（9.72±0.62）h。23.01%儿童就寝时间晚于22：00,61.45%儿童夜间睡眠时间<10 h。总体睡眠问题发生率为790名（92.29%）,以睡眠焦虑774名（90.42%）、就寝习惯不良757名（88.43%）、睡眠持续时间不规律580名（67.76%）、白天嗜睡576名（67.29%）最常见,儿童与家人同床睡眠率高达667名（77.92%）。同床睡眠是儿童睡眠质量不良的独立危险因素（OR=11.288,P<0.001）。结论 合肥市学龄前儿童睡眠习惯不良较为普遍,应引起家长和社会重视。     

学龄前儿童先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术围术期输血的相关因素分析——一项单中心回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析学龄前儿童（≤72个月）行先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术围术期血液管理的临床特点及相关影响因素。方法针对2年以来行先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术的110例学龄前儿童（≤72个月）相关资料进行回顾性分析,组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用重复测量的方差分析,多元Logistic回归分析被用来确定异体红细胞输注的独立预测因子。结果共有91例患儿（83％）术中输入异体红细胞,与术中异体红细胞输入量存在明显相关性的因素有患儿的体重、术前Cobb角、融合节段、手术时间、截骨数量、失血量以及术前血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）浓度、红细胞比容（hematocrit,Hct）、血小板（bloodplatelet,Pit）计数,其中独立因素有Cobb角、截骨数量、术前Hb浓度、Hct、Pit计数。输血患儿与未输血患儿比较,术中截骨率、术中出血量和术后24h伤口引流量显著增加,术后住院时间也明显延长。结论可作为围术期输血评估的独立因素有Cobb角、截骨数量、术前Hb浓度、Hct、Plt计数,而与患儿的年龄、体重、融合节段及手术时间无明显相关性,有助于对学龄前儿童先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术围术期输血需求的早期识别和准确评估,保证患儿的生命安全。     

Association between peer relationship problems and childhood overweight/obesity

Aims:  To assess the association between peer relationship problems and childhood overweight and obesity.
Methods:  Data on 4718 preschool children were obtained at the obligatory school entry health examination in Bavaria. Parentally reported peer relationship problems ('normal', 'borderline' or 'abnormal') were assessed from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and gender-specific BMI cut-off points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to control potential confounders.
Results:  The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among children with 'borderline' or 'abnormal' peer relationship problems compared to 'normal' children. The association of 'abnormal' peer relationship problems was still significant in the final logistic regression model for girls [odds ratio (OR) for overweight 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–3.0; OR for obesity 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3–5.0]. Among boys the adjusted odds ratio were lower and no longer significant.
Conclusion:  The significantly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children with peer relationship problems could not be explained by confounding. It seems evident that there is a relevant co-morbidity of peer relationship problems and obesity in pre-school children pointing to the need of interventions focusing on both physical as well as psychosocial health.     

Speech timing in children after the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention

It is known that operant treatments can control stuttering in children. However, at present it is unknown why such treatments are effective. Changes in the usual way of speaking are frequently observed after behavioural treatments for adults who stutter, and it is possible that operant treatments for children also invoke such changes. To explore this idea, selected acoustic measures of speech timing were made in eight preschool children before and after receiving the Lidcombe Program, which is an operant treatment for stuttering. No systematic changes were detected after treatment. Considering this finding and a previous report, there is no evidence to suggest that the reductions in stuttering that occur with this treatment are related to systematic changes in speech timing or curtailment of language function.     

Parents and preschool workers’ perceptions of competence,collaboration, and strategies for addressing bullying in early childhood

The purpose of this study was to explore and compare parents’ (n?=?141) and preschool workers’ (n?=?81) perceptions of bullying with respect to preschool workers’ competence, collaboration with parents, and strategies for dealing with bullying. Whereas most participants held positive views about their collaboration, preschool workers tended to be more critical of parents than vice versa. With respect to strategies, we found that the order of preferred approaches was largely consistent across groups, yet the two groups differed in the degree to which they supported certain approaches. Among parents, lower perceptions of children’s well-being and increased exposure to bullying were associated with more negative views of collaboration and preschool competence. Parents who had little direct exposure to bullying were more likely to report that they lacked the knowledge needed to evaluate the competence of preschool workers. Taken together with previous research, these findings suggest that preschools often rely on a reactive approach to including parents in the process of addressing bullying. We argue that a more proactive stance is warranted.