Safety of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of labor induction in women with a history of 1 cesarean section (CS) who undergo trial of labor. METHODS: A prospective observational study of 702 pregnant women who had 1 previous CS was conducted at Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, between April 2003 and April 2004. Those with no history of vaginal delivery were assigned to one group and those with a history of vaginal delivery were assigned to another group, and the latter group was then divided into 2 subgroups according to the results of trial of labor. RESULTS: Of these 702 women with a history of 1 CS, 62.4% also had a history of vaginal delivery. After trial of labor, vaginal delivery occurred more often among women with no history of vaginal delivery (64.8%). Moreover, trial of labor resulted in a vaginal delivery more often in women who were delivered only once and by CS (87.7%) than in women who also had a history of vaginal delivery (79.2%). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that women who have had a CS should strongly consider natural delivery for subsequent pregnancies.     

Oral misoprostol in the third stage of labor.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of intravenous ergometrine, intramuscular oxytocin, and oral misoprostol in the control of postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS: Mean blood loss, rates of blood loss between 500 and 1000 ml, hematocrit fall greater than 10%, and need for additional oxytocic agents and nature and rates of adverse effects were assessed in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. RESULTS: All outcomes were similar in the 3 groups. The main adverse effects in the misoprostol group were temperatures higher than 99 degrees F, which normalized within 2 h and shivering, which was mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS: Oral misoprostol is as effective as conventional oxytocic agents in preventing postpartum hemorrhage and can be recommended for use in low-resource settings.     

围生因素与新生儿肺透明膜病发病关系的探讨

目的探讨围生因素与新生儿肺透明膜病(HMD)发病的关系。方法对481例早产儿围生因素进行Logistic回归分析,筛选出与HMD有关的因素,列出回归方程,然后对其进行率的比较及卡方检验。结果HMD危险因素的主效应模型是logit(p)=6.254-0.204胎龄-1.556出生体重 0.834窒息/宫内窘迫 1.635胎膜早破。对于有围生期合并症的早产儿,其胎龄越小,HMD发病率越高。结论30周以下早产儿HMD发病主要与胎龄、出生体重关系密切,而30周以上早产儿HMD发病除与胎龄、出生体重有关外,还与围生因素密切相关,其发病机制有待进一步研究。     

早产儿血中血小板活化因子水平的研究

目的研究早产儿血中血小板活化因子(PAF)水平的变化,探讨PAF在早产儿发育、成熟中的作用。方法采用ELISA方法测定35例早产儿和15例健康足月儿血中PAF水平,并分析早产儿血中PAF水平与早产儿胎龄、体重之间的相关性。结果早产儿血中PAF水平[(9·44±3·31)pg/ml]比足月新生儿[(44·1±12·0)pg/ml]低,血PAF水平与早产儿胎龄呈显著正相关(r=0·557,P<0·001),与出生体重呈显著正相关(r=0·536,P<0·001)。结论在生理情况下PAF可能与早产儿发育、成熟有关。     

早产儿慢性肺疾病的高危因素和预后分析

目的探讨早产儿慢性肺疾病(CLD)的患病危险因素及预后分析。方法统计我院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)12年间收治的CLD患儿,总结患儿的出生体重、性别、有否围生期窒息、孕周、原发疾病、机械通气时间、用氧浓度、吸气峰压、呼吸暂停、并发症及预后。结果(1)12年间NICU收治的922例早产儿中,发生CLD52例,发生率为5·64%。出生体重1501~2500g早产儿、极低出生体重儿(1001~1500g)和超低出生体重儿(≤1000g)CLD发生率分别为2·37%、12·09%和23·52%,有非常显著性差异(χ2=42·92,P<0·01)。(2)出生体重≤1500g,有围生期窒息,胎龄≤32周,呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气,吸氧浓度≥60%,动脉导管未闭,呼吸暂停,气胸,感染是CLD的高危因素,而性别,吸气峰压与CLD无明显关系。结论早产儿CLD是由多种因素所致,需综合治疗。     

我国婴儿早产部分危险因素的Meta分析

目的:综合评价早产与其危险因素的关联性。方法:应用Meta分析方法对已发表的10篇关于早产危险因素的病例对照研究文献进行综合分析,共累积病例1 257例,对照1 511例。根据齐性检验结果决定采用何种模型来计算OR及其95%可信区间,若同质选用固定效应模型,若不同质选用随机效应模型。结果:胎膜早破、妊高征、前置胎盘、多胎、胆淤症5个研究因素的合并OR及其95%可信区间分别为4.11(3.22,5.23)、3.14(1.45,6.79)、13.02(5.71,29.72)、3.94(1.91,8.11)和21.85(6.38,74.80)。结论:早产与胎膜早破、妊高征、前置胎盘、多胎、胆淤症有关。     

可行走分娩镇痛应用于潜伏期的临床研究

目的评价可行走分娩镇痛在潜伏期应用的临床效果。研究宫口开张不同大小应用分娩镇痛后的产程进展，对子宫收缩力的影响及新生儿Apgar评分情况。方法确认已临产无内科合并症的初产妇共75例，随机分为三组。Ⅰ组：宫口开张1cm左右；组：宫口开张2～3cm；Ⅲ组为正常对照组未采用分娩镇痛。观察镇痛起效时间、子宫收缩力的变化、总产程、产后出血量、分娩结局及新生儿Apgar评分。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较总产程差异无统计学意义。Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组第一产程比较时间延长，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较子宫收缩力无明显降低，第一产程中Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较子宫收缩力显著降低，P（0．05，Ⅰ组催产素使用率为100％。三组间产后出血、新生儿Apgar评分各组间差异无统计学意义。结论舒芬太尼合并低浓度的罗哌卡因引导下无痛分娩，从潜伏期应用，有明显的分娩镇痛作用，不增加产后出血量，对新生儿的Apgar评分无影响。     

检测宫颈阴道分泌物中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1预测早产的价值

目的:探讨检测胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)能否用于预测早产。方法:应用快速免疫法检测218例孕妇宫颈阴道分泌物中高磷酸化GFBP-1的含量。结果:先兆早产组IGFBP-1的阳性率是62.0%,正常妊娠组IGFBP-1的阳性率是9.1%,两组结果比较,差异有显著性。先兆早产IGFBP-1的阳性组发生早产率是83.6%。结论:检测IGFBP-1可以作为预测早产的客观指标。     

早产儿疾病用维生素E油浴治疗

目的 探讨维生素E油浴应用于早产儿治疗中的作用。方法 对2001年3月～2003年12月我院住院的42例患肺透明膜病的早产儿，28例患新生儿硬肿症的早产儿及随机抽取的50例早产儿，三种情况早产儿分别随机分为治疗组和对照组，对照组给予常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用维生素E油浴。结果 治疗组治疗的时间均短于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 维生素E油浴在早产儿治疗中有促进疾病好转和恢复的作用，并且未发现维生素E油浴的不良反应。     

对男性海洛因依赖者康复训练效果的随访

目的:探索社区康复训练与劳动教养相结合的康复模式对男性海洛因依赖者的治疗效果。方法:以湖南省新开铺劳教大队的50名劳教吸毒人员为对照,对戒毒中心的50名劳教吸毒人员进行为期至少4个月的康复训练。康复训练以海洛因依赖者的需求、所处的康复阶段及接受能力为中心,包括强化戒毒治疗动机、减少吸毒造成的危害、复吸预防等各种技能训练。用成瘾严重度指数和应付方式问卷评估康复训练的疗效,并随访两组在解教后1 a的康复情况。结果:康复训练后海洛因依赖者幻想、退避、自责等不成熟型应付方式分值下降(P<0.01),求助的分值增加(P<0.01)。解教后1 a康复组与劳动教养组的戒断率差异无显著性,但康复训练组在海洛因滥用严重程度、违法犯罪行为和精神健康方面损害显著低于劳动教养组(P<0.05)。结论:劳动教养和社区康复训练都是对吸毒者有效的康复措施,康复训练的作用更大。