Viral interference induced by live attenuated virus vaccine (OPV) can prevent otitis media

Background

The goal of this study was to evaluate whether a live attenuated poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has clinically relevant interfering effect with non-polio infections causing otitis media in young children.

Methods

Open trial in which the intervention group (64 children) received OPV at the age of 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. The control group (250 children) received IPV (inactivated polio vaccine) at the age of 6 and 12 months. Clinical symptoms were recorded by a questionnaire at the age of 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.

Results

Otitis media episodes were less frequent in the OPV than in the control group. A significant difference was seen at the age of 6-18 months (IRR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.59-0.94], P = 0.011) and was particularly clear among children, who attended daycare (IRR 0.37 [95% CI 0.19-0.71], P = 0.003).

Conclusions

OPV provides some protection against otitis media. This effect may be mediated by viral interference with non-polio viruses.     

人体关键药代动力学参数预测方法

分布容积、清除率、半衰期和生物利用度是重要的药物代谢动力学参数,决定着药物在体内的暴露程度与暴露时间,在新药开发过程中尽早预测人体内这些参数对选择与优化潜在新药有重要价值。本文综述了采用临床前药代动力学实验数据、体外吸收与代谢数据、化合物理化性质、计算机模拟等多种方法预测人体内关键药代动力学参数的研究及其进展。     

围产期保健中妊娠期高血压的筛查与早期防治

目的:在围产期保健中使用MP妊娠期高血压监测系统筛查孕妇,对妊娠期高血压疾病(妊高病)预测阳性患者进行干预性治疗并观察临床效果。方法:使用妊娠期高血压监测系统对972例孕妇进行常规检测,163名预测阳性患者随机分为对照组及干预组。干预组76名患者进行生活指导和干预治疗;对照组87名患者进行一般生活指导。结果:干预组与对照组最终妊高病发生率分别是18.4%和41.4%,两者相比差异有显著性,对照组中、重度妊高病患者发生率明显高于干预组,两者相比差异有显著性。结论:应用MP妊娠期高血压监测系统可有效筛查出妊高病高危人群,早期干预治疗降低了妊高病发生率。     

川白芷硫熏的1HNMR - PCA鉴别预测模型的研究

目的 建立一种方便、快速、客观地鉴别川产道地药材川白芷是否经过硫熏的方法.方法采用氢核磁共振技术采集川白芷样品信息,以已知样本的氢核磁共振数据为基础,采用模式识别中的主成分分析法建立鉴别预测模型,并以未知样本对此模型进行检验验证.结果以44个未硫熏和8个硫熏川白芷样本的氢核磁共振数据基础上,成功地建立了主成分分析鉴别预...     

Discharge of pursuit neurons in the caudal part of the frontal eye fields during cross-axis vestibular-pursuit training in monkeys

Previous studies in monkeys have shown that pursuit training during orthogonal whole body rotation results in task-dependent, predictive pursuit eye movements. We examined whether pursuit neurons in the frontal eye fields (FEF) are involved in predictive pursuit induced by vestibular-pursuit training. Two monkeys were rotated horizontally at 20°/s for 0.5 s either rightward or leftward with random inter-trial intervals. This chair motion trajectory was synchronized with orthogonal target motion at 20°/s for 0.5 s either upward or downward. Monkeys were rewarded for pursuing the target. Vertical pursuit eye velocities and discharge of 23 vertical pursuit neurons to vertical target motion were compared before training and during the last 5 min of the 25–45 min training. The latencies of discharge modulation of 61% of the neurons (14/23) shortened after vestibular-pursuit training in association with a shortening of pursuit latency. However, their discharge modulation occurred after 100 ms following the onset of pursuit eye velocity. Only four neurons (4/23 = 17%) discharged before the eye movement onset. A significant change was not observed in eye velocity and FEF pursuit neuron discharge during pursuit alone after training without vestibular stimulation. Vestibular stimulation alone without a target after training induced no clear response. These results suggest that the adaptive change in response to pursuit prediction was induced by vestibular inputs in the presence of target pursuit. FEF pursuit neurons are unlikely to be involved in the initial stage of generating predictive eye movements. We suggest that they may participate in the maintenance of predictive pursuit.     

传染病季节流行现象在预测天津市猩红热疫情中的应用

目的运用季节流行现象(Z-D现象)应用的理论对天津市猩红热疫情进行预测,为控制猩红热暴发流行提供理论依据。方法利用天津市1970—2010年猩红热历史疫情资料,建立猩红热时间序列,进行最佳截取点的月累计百分位数与前兆升降比的相关分析,运用构建的外推模型进行预测研究。结果对最佳截取点的月累计百分位数和流行年前兆升降比的相关分析,得出两者呈负相关(r=-0.465,P<0.01)。回顾性符合率达77.14%,外推性预测符合率为75.00%,显示预测效果较好。结论猩红热的时间序列存在Z-D现象,依据本流行年猩红热的疫情资料,对下一流行年的疫情发生情况作出预测。     

夜间动态血压负荷值增高对高血压病的预测意义

目的探讨24h动态血压平均水平在正常范围,夜间血压负荷值增高的患者3年后发生高血压的情况。方法前瞻性连续收集2005--2007年经24h动态血压检查、昼夜平均血压均在正常范围内,但收缩压（SBP）和（或）舒张压（DBP）夜间负荷值增高的患者（研究组,n=97）,并与同期行24h动态血压检查、血压昼夜的平均水平和负荷值均在正常范围内的患者（对照组,n=206）进行比较,观察3年后两组的血压变化隋况。结果研究组与对照组3年后发生高血压的比例分别为25．8％和8．7％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论夜间动态血压负荷值增高是未来进展至高血压的重要危险因素。     

Sensorimotor processing in the grip–lift task: The impact of maximum wrist flexion/extension on force scaling

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of wrist angulation on the grip force (GF) scaling in healthy subjects.MethodsThe first experiment investigated if hyperflexion or hyperextension of the wrist affects the scaling of GF. Subjects performed sets of 10 lifts with the wrist positioned in (i) a self-chosen, regular, slightly extended angulation, (ii) a hyperextended angulation and (iii) a hyperflexed angulation. The second experiment tested if wrist angulation applied during a preceding lift influenced GF scaling when lifting the object with a predefined wrist angulation.ResultsCompared with the regular and hyperflexed wrist angulations, subjects generated an overshoot of GF when lifting the object with the wrist hyperextended. Irrespective of the wrist angulation applied in the preceding lift, subjects generated an overshoot of GF when lifting the object with the wrist hyperextended, but not during lifts with the wrist in a regular or hyperflexed angulation.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that a change in the horizontal angulation of the wrist of the grasping hand interferes with the scaling of GF.SignificanceWe interpret these data to reflect a very basic strategic response of the motor system to changes in the geometry of the hand in order to ensure grasp stability.     

骨质疏松性骨力学性能的预测研究

骨力学性能是发现与评价骨质疏松重要而直接的参考指标,但临床目前尚难对骨质疏松患者的骨力学性能做出非侵入性的直接评估。因此,研究通过间接手段进行骨力学性能的预测已成为骨质疏松研究领域的一个重要课题,并具有重要的临床应用价值。本文综述了对骨质疏松性骨力学性能进行预测的研究进展,并展望了该领域研究的发展前景。     

石家庄市麻疹暴发流行预测研究

[目的]建立麻疹疫情预测灰色模型GM(1,1),探讨其应用于石家庄市麻疹暴发流行预测的可行性。[方法]根据1980～2007年石家庄市麻疹发病率数据建立麻疹暴发流行预测灰色模型GM(1,1),外推预测近两次暴发流行高峰。[结果]石家庄市麻疹暴发流行预测模型为■(1)(k)=18.3585e0.3350(k-1)-15.3585,近期麻疹流行高峰年分别是2018年和2033年。[结论]GM(1,1)模型较好地拟合了石家庄市麻疹暴发流行趋势,其预测结果具有一定的参考价值。