Association between common genetic risk variants and depression in Parkinson's disease: A dPD study in Chinese

IntroductionPrediction of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) remains challenging. We investigated whether the common susceptible genetic variants for PD are associated with the risk and improves prediction of development of depression in PD (dPD).Methods1134 individuals with a primary diagnosis of PD were recruited. Demographic information, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) were obtained. Nine variants located in six susceptible genes for PD were determined in all subjects. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the study genetic variants that individually and collectively best predicted the presence of depressive disorder (HAMD ≥14).ResultsDepression occurred in 19.8% of patients with PD. The GBA L444P variant was associated with an increased risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–5.53, P = 0.007) and SNCA-Rep1 (CA)12/12 showed a decreased risk for the presence of depression (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.29–0.99, P = 0.049) in the PD population after adjusted for demographic and clinical factors. Stepwise logistic regression model found that female sex, UPDRS part II score, motor fluctuation, GBA L1444P and SNCA Rep-1 variants collectively best predict depression in PD.ConclusionsBesides non PD-specific and PD-specific clinical correlates, we showed that GBA L444P and SNCA Rep-1 were also associated with dPD. Our findings highlight the crucial role of genetic variants for the prediction of dPD in clinical practice and may shed light on the future development of better therapeutic targets for dPD.     

外周血嗜酸性粒细胞水平与肝移植术后迟发性急性排斥反应的关系

目的评价外周血嗜酸性粒细胞诊断肝移植术后迟发性急性排斥反应(AR)的价值。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第三医院37例肝移植术6个月后行肝穿刺活检患者的临床资料,根据病理确诊结果,比较迟发性AR组(AR组,24例次)和非迟发性AR组(非AR组,16例次)患者肝穿刺当日或前1d血常规中白细胞的分类,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值和比例的最佳截断值,分析其诊断迟发性AR的敏感度和特异度。结果AR组患者的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞比例显著高于非AR组。ROC曲线分析显示嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值和比例分别为0.145×109/L和0.023时约登指数最高(分别为0.333和0.625),ROC曲线下面积分别为0.746和0.813。分别以0.145×109/L和0.023作为嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值和比例升高的截断值,诊断AR的敏感度和特异度分别为0.46和0.88、0.75和0.88。当嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值≥0.285×109/L和比例≥0.03时,诊断AR的敏感度和特异度分别为0.25和1.0、0.50和1.0,所有嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值≥0.285×109/L者的细胞比例均≥0.03。结论肝移植术后6个月,延迟性AR患者的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞比例显著高于非延迟性AR患者,嗜酸性粒细胞比例≥0.03对诊断迟发性AR具有很高的临床价值。     

全髋关节置换术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型构建和评估

目的:构建评估行全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)患者术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型。方法:选取2013年4月至2019年2月行THA患者538例为研究对象,男318例,女220例,年龄40~60(50.79±6.37)岁。根据对所有行THA患者跟踪随访3年的结果,将其分为无骨折组506例和骨折组32例。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的影响因素;构建行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型,评估该预测模型的有效性、区分度。结果:骨折组行THA患者中存在骨质疏松状态、有外伤史、有髋关节翻修占比高于无骨折组(P<0.05),骨水泥型假体占比低于无骨折组(P<0.05)。骨质疏松状态[OR=4.177,95%CI(1.815,9.617),P<0.05],外伤史[OR=7.481,95%CI(3.104,18.031),P<0.05],髋关节翻修[OR=11.371,95%CI(3.220,40.153),P<0.05]是影响行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的独立危险因素,骨水泥型假体[OR=0.067,95%CI(0.019,0.236),P<0.05]是影响行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的独立保护因素。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示, χ²=7.864,P=0.325。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)曲线评估行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.892,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为77.7%。结论:本研究构建的行THA患者术后假体周围发生骨折的列线图预测模型区分度较好,有益于临床预测行THA患者假体周围是否发生骨折,为进行个体化预防骨折提供便利。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术后邻近椎体骨折的列线图预测模型构建

目的：分析骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折（osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture,OVCF）患者经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）后邻近椎体新发骨折的危险因素,并构建列线图预测模型。方法：回顾性分析2014年3月～2019年3月本院收治的行PKP治疗的OVCF患者的临床资料。根据随访过程中邻近椎体是否新发骨折,将患者分成骨折组和非骨折组（对照组）,记录两组患者的性别、年龄、骨折椎体位置、骨水泥注射途径（单/双）、注射剂量、注射后形态、骨水泥渗漏情况、椎旁肌横截面积（cross-sectional area,CSA）、椎体CSA、手术前后及随访时的伤椎前缘高度和Cobb角等临床资料。应用单因素及多因素回归分析PKP术后邻近椎体骨折的危险因素,并利用R软件建立其列线图预测模型,运用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线、校准图以及决策曲线验证该模型的预测效能、准确度以及临床价值。结果：总共纳入224例患者,其中男性42例,女性182例,平...     

全身麻醉诱导后低血压预测指标的研究进展

全身麻醉诱导后低血压（PIH）在临床麻醉工作中十分常见。使用静脉麻醉药物后,患者心输出量减少、全身血管阻力降低,导致PIH。PIH与术后心肌损伤、肾损伤、脑卒中、住院时间延长甚至死亡等不良术后结局相关。因此,预测PIH并采取相应预防措施将会改善患者预后,然而有效预测PIH的方式目前仍存在争议。本文就PIH预测指标的研究进展进行综述,为临床识别高危患者、改善PIH、减少不良术后结局提供参考。     

动脉血乳酸清除率与急性生理及慢性健康评分在感染性休克治疗中的预测价值

目的回顾性研究动脉血乳酸清除率与急性生理及慢性健康（APACHEⅡ）评分在感染性休克治疗中的预测价值。j芎法采集人住ICU的62例感染性休克患者治疗前动脉血乳酸,进行急性生理和慢性健康状况（APACHEⅡ）评分,计算24h动脉血乳酸清除率,并根据28d病程转归分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组间动脉血乳酸、24h动脉血乳酸清除率和APACHEⅡ的差异。结果动脉血乳酸水平存活组明显低于死亡组水平,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;死亡组患者A—PACHEⅡ评分明显高于存活组,而24h动脉血乳酸清除率明显低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论24h动脉血乳酸清除率结合APACHEⅡ评分系统进行综合判断可作为感染性休克评价疗效和预后的指标。     

Prevalent vertebral deformities predict increased mortality and increased fracture rate in both men and women: A 10-year population-based study of 598 individuals from the Swedish cohort in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a prevalent vertebral deformity predicts mortality and fractures in both men and women. In the city of Malmö, 598 individuals (298 men, 300 women; age 50–80 years) were selected from the city's population and were included in the Swedish part of the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS). At baseline the participants answered a questionnaire and lateral spine radiographs were performed. The prevalence of subjects with vertebral deformity was assessed using a morphometric method. The mortality during a 10-year follow-up period was determined through the register of the National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare. Eighty-five men and 43 women died during the study period. The subsequent fracture incidence during the follow-up period was ascertained by postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and by a survey of the archives of the Department of Radiology in the city hospital. Thirty-seven men and 69 women sustained a fracture during the study period. Data are presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) within brackets. Prevalent vertebral deformity, defined as a reduction by more than 3 standard deviations (SD) in vertebral height ratio, predicted mortality during the forthcoming decade in both men [age-adjusted HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.6–3.9)] and women [age-adjusted HR 2.3 (95% CI 1.3–4.3)]. In men there was an increased mortality due to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and in women due to cancer. Prevalent vertebral deformity predicted an increased risk of any fracture during the forthcoming decade in both men [age-adjusted HR 2.7 (95% CI 1.4–5.3)] and women [age-adjusted HR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1–2.9)]. Prevalent vertebral deformity predicted an increased risk of any subsequent fragility fracture in women [age-adjusted HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1–3.5)]; however, in men the increased risk was nonsignificant [age-adjusted HR 1.9 (95% CI 0.7–5.1)]. In summary, a prevalent vertebral deformity can predict both increased mortality and increased fracture incidence during the following decade in both men and women. We conclude that prevalent vertebral deformity could be used as a risk factor in both genders for mortality and future fracture.     

A Nomogram for Predicting the Likelihood of Additional Nodal Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients With a Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy

Background:The standard of care for breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases includes complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, many question the need for complete ALND in every patient with detectable SLN metastases, particularly those perceived to have a low risk of non-SLN metastases. Accurate estimates of the likelihood of additional disease in the axilla could assist greatly in decision-making regarding further treatment.Methods:Pathological features of the primary tumor and SLN metastases of 702 patients who underwent complete ALND were assessed with multivariable logistic regression to predict the presence of additional disease in the non-SLNs of these patients. A nomogram was created using pathological size, tumor type and nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, multifocality, and estrogen-receptor status of the primary tumor; method of detection of SLN metastases; number of positive SLNs; and number of negative SLNs. The model was subsequently applied prospectively to 373 patients.Results:The nomogram for the retrospective population was accurate and discriminating, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.76. When applied to the prospective group, the model accurately predicted likelihood of non-SLN disease (ROC, 0.77).Conclusions:We have developed a user-friendly nomogram that uses information commonly available to the surgeon to easily and accurately calculate the likelihood of having additional, non-SLN metastases for an individual patient.Drs. Manasseh and Bevilacqua contributed equally to the work.Dr. Bevilacqua is currently affiliated with Hospital Sírio Libanes, Instituto Brasileiro de Controle do Câncer, and Disciplina de Cirurgia Geral, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Univerdidade de Sao Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil; Dr. Boolbol is currently affiliated with Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.     

Criterion-related validity and test–retest reliability of the 20 m Square Shuttle Test

We assessed validity and reliability of the new 20m square shuttle run test (SST) for predicting maximal oxygen uptake (V O(2max)) and compared it with its predecessor, the 20m Multistage Shuttle Run Test (MST). In a repeated-measures randomised-block design, 74 healthy adult males performed the SST, the MST and a treadmill test (TT). To assess reliability, 40 of the total 74 volunteers were randomly-selected to perform the SST and MST twice. Unlike the SST (p>0.05), mean predicted V O(2max)(V predO(2max)) from the MST was significantly increased from that measured during the TT (p<0.05). The V predO(2max) from SST and MST correlated with TT V O(2max) at r=0.95 (p<0.001) and r=0.63 (p<0.001), respectively. Prediction error of SST was -0.3+/-3.3mlkg(-1)min(-1) with a coefficient of variation of +/-3.5%, while the equivalent values for MST were 4.2+/-7.3mlkg(-1)min(-1) and +/-7.4%. Mean test-retest V predO(2max) did not differ for both SST and MST (p>0.05), while the corresponding test-retest correlation coefficients were r=0.85 (p<0.001) and r=0.72 (p<0.001). Reliability errors in 95% limits of agreement were 0.3+/-4.8 and 0.6+/-6.8mlkg(-1)min(-1) while coefficients of variation were +/-5.2% and +/-6.8% for the SST and MST, respectively. It is concluded that SST is a more valid proxy than MST for predicting laboratory V O(2max) based on the current procedures, while both tests are sufficiently reliable in healthy male adults.     

社区2型糖尿病视网膜病变风险预测模型的构建与验证

背景　糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发病率高,危害性大,是导致成人失明的主要原因,但社区实施眼底筛查较为困难,而DR风险预测模型可帮助全科医生早期识别DR高危人群。目的　探讨社区门诊就诊的2型糖尿病患者发生DR的危险因素,构建并验证DR风险预测模型,进一步提高DR患者筛查效率。方法　收集2018年6月-2019年6月于方庄社区卫生服务中心门诊就诊的421例2型糖尿病患者,采用随机数字表法分为模型组336例,检验组85例。收集患者的一般资料,血压以及空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血肌酐、尿素氮、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及尿蛋白,均行非散瞳眼底彩色照相（NMFCS）。模型组采用单因素Logistic回归分析计算出发生DR的相关因素,得出的相关因素用多因素Logistic回归分析进一步探讨,在此基础上构建DR风险预测模型,并由检验组评估DR风险预测模型的可行性。结果　在421例2型糖尿病患者中DR患者共87例,其中模型组69例,检验组18例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,DR的危险因素有病程（β=0.196,OR=1.217,P<0.001）,收缩压（SBP）（β=0.028,OR=1.028,P=0.038）,FBG（β=0.409,OR=1.506,P=0.003）,HbA1c（β=0.594,OR=1.811,P=0.001）,LDL-C（β=0.360,OR=1.434,P=0.038）。据此,构建的DR风险预测模型为Y=1/〔1+e-（0.196X1+0.028X2+0.409X3+0.594X4+0.360X5-16.482）〕,其中,Y指DR发生概率,X1指病程,X2指SBP,X3指FBG,X4指HbA1c,X5指LDL-C。DR风险预测模型预测模型组发生DR的ROC曲线下面积是0.884,诊断临界值是0.192。DR风险预测模型预测检验组发生DR的ROC曲线下面积是0.803,灵敏度为72.2%,特异度为79.1%。结论　糖尿病患者的病程、SBP、FBG、HbA1c、LDL-C与DR显著相关,DR风险预测模型对DR有一定的预测价值。