正交试验法优选虫草鸡精制备工艺

目的 优选虫草鸡精制备工艺。方法 以甘露醇含量、多糖含量及澄清度为指标，采用L9（3^4)正交试验法进行优选。结果 优选的工艺为：加水量为生药量的10倍，提取3次，每次1h，合并提取液，浓缩至1：5（生药：药液)，温度为60℃的条件下加入0.15％的壳聚糖（W/W）。结论 优选的制备工艺稳定可行。     

海胆黄多糖SEP的制备及其抗肿瘤作用研究

建立荷瘤小鼠模型，以不同剂量的SEP经腹腔注射给药后检测荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长情况、脾指数、胸腺指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖和抗氧化酶活性研究海胆黄多糖SEP的抗肿瘤活性。结果：SEP高、中、低3个剂量组均可显著抑制S180实体瘤的生长，其抑瘤率分别为46．9％、41．7％和40．7％；SEP能显著提高荷瘤小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数，明显促进脾淋巴细胞的增殖，显著降低小鼠血清中丙二醛含量和提高超氧化物歧化酶活性。结论：SEP具有明显的抗肿瘤活性，其作用可能是通过免疫调节和抗氧化作用实现的。     

北豆根多糖的单糖组成分析及分子量研究

目的:分析北豆根多糖的单糖组成及分子量。方法:采用水提醇沉获得北豆根粗多糖,用TCA-正丁醇除蛋白后得到北豆根多糖样品,采用气相色谱法(GC)测定其单糖组成,高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测分子量。结果:北豆根多糖是由D-阿拉伯糖(D-Ara)、L-岩藻糖(L-Fuc)、D-甘露糖(D-Man)、D-葡萄糖(D-Glc)和D-半乳糖(D-Gal)组成,其摩尔比为13.04∶1.00∶1.69∶8.99∶4.32,重均分子量为4826。结论:用GC和HPGPC可以测得北豆根多糖的单糖组成和分子量,方法简便可行,可以用于北豆根多糖的研究,为北豆根多糖的深入研究奠定基础。     

岩舒联合斯奇康治疗恶性胸腹水疗效观察

目的:观察岩舒联合斯奇康治疗恶性胸腹水疗效。方法:将44例恶性胸腹水患者随机分为两组,试验组24例抽取胸腹水后腔内灌注岩舒和斯奇康:岩舒胸腔每次灌注20ml,腹腔每次灌注40ml;斯奇康胸腹腔灌注均为每次18ml,每周1次,连续2～4周。对照组20例采用单药顺铂60mg胸腔内灌注,100mg腹腔内灌注。结果:试验组16例恶性胸水中,有效率(CR PR)87．5%,8例恶性腹水中,有效率75．0%,总有效率83．3%(20/24);试验组24例中,生活质量提高14例,稳定8例,降低2例。对照组15例恶性胸水中,有效率53．3%,5例恶性腹水中,有效率40．0%,总有效率50．0%(10/20);对照组20例中,生活质量提高5例,稳定6例,降低9例。两组比较P＜0．05,试验组优于对照组,无明显不良反应。结论:岩舒联合斯奇康治疗恶性胸腹水疗效可靠,生活质量提高,无明显不良反应,尤其适合治疗晚期不能耐受腔内化疗的患者。     

Electrospinning of polysaccharides for regenerative medicine

Electrospinning techniques enable the production of continuous fibers with dimensions on the scale of nanometers from a wide range of natural and synthetic polymers. The number of recent studies regarding electrospun polysaccharides and their derivatives, which are potentially useful for regenerative medicine, is increasing dramatically. However, difficulties regarding the processibility of the polysaccharides (e.g., poor solubility and high surface tension) have limited their application. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various polysaccharides such as alginate, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, starch, dextran, and heparin, which are either currently being used or have potential to be used for electrospinning. The recent progress of nanofiber matrices electrospun from polysaccharides and their biomedical applications in tissue engineering, wound dressings, drug delivery, and enzyme immobilization are discussed.     

猪苓多糖和氢化考的松对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的作用——细胞化学研究

小鼠注射猪苓多糖和氢化考的松7天后,取其腹腔巨噬细胞,进行细胞化学的定性及定位;并用 MPV-2型显微分光光度计进行定量研究。发现应用氢化考的松后,细胞内的 AcPase、ATPase 和 ANAE 活性下降,多糖含量减少。注射猪苓多糖以后,ATPase、AcPase 和 ANAE 活性增强,多糖含量显著增多。猪苓多糖和氢化考的松同时注射,酶活性及多糖含量与对照组无明显区别。     

Impact of reattaching various Aeromonas salmonicida A-layer proteins on vaccine efficacy in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida causes atypical furunculosis in a whole range of farmed fish species. The bacterium comprises a heterogeneous group differing in surface components such as the A-layer protein and O-chain polysaccharide structures. Previously, the A-layer protein was shown to contribute to protective immunity as a vaccine with A. salmonicida cells with reattached A-layer protein protecting significantly better than the corresponding A-layer deficient bacteria used in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) vaccine. In the present study, genetically different A. salmonicida A-proteins, either as preformed A-layer sheets from culture supernatants or as purified preparations, were shown to attach to A-layer deficient isolates with a different O-chain structure. Only vaccines containing A. salmonicida cells with reattached A-protein genetically homologous to the challenge isolate, elicited protection comparable to that of the homologous vaccine.     

树舌多糖对心血管系统作用的研究

本文研究了树舌多糖(GAPS)对心血管系统的作用,结果表明:对离体蛙心,GAPS有明显的抑制心肌收缩力和减慢心率作用;对家兔血压有降压作用,此作用可能是其对心脏抑制作用的结果;对垂体后叶素引起家兔心电图中T波抬高有明显的拮抗作用,但对正常家兔心电图无明显影响。从而说明GAPS有增加心肌供血供氧和降低心肌耗氧的作用,可作为治疗冠心病药物试用于临床。     

Biofilm: the microbial “bunker” for intravascular catheter-related infection

Catheter-related infection in cancer patients remains an important health-care problem with major financial implications. During the last few years a better understanding of the pathogenesis of catheter-related infections and the interaction between microorganisms and catheter surfaces has emerged. Recently the influence of biofilm formation in catheter-related infections has been established. The development of biofilm by the colonizing microbes permits attachment of the organisms to the vascular access device and confers resistance to antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. Strategies to overcome the development of biofilm are being developed to prevent catheter- and other medical device-related infections.     

Hemostatic effects of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemosphere® in a rat model with severe femoral artery bleeding

An appropriate hemostatic dressing for prehospital use should lower mortality due to uncontrolled hemorrhage. In this study, the investigators explored the hemostatic effects of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemosphere (MPH) applied in a rat model with severe femoral artery bleeding. Twelve rats were randomly assigned to MPH and control groups: The femoral artery of each rat was pierced to initiate bleeding. Then, 0.25 g MPH was poured into the bleeding site. A 200-g scale weight was placed over the bleeding site for 30 sec. At 30-sec intervals, the scale weight was removed, and hemostasis was assessed visually. After 30 sec, if the bleeding had ceased, the test was scored and checked as "passed at 30 sec." If the bleeding had not stopped, the same procedures were repeated a maximum of 3 times. If hemostasis could not be achieved even after the third application, the test was scored as failed. The same sequence of procedures was repeated for the control group without use of MPH and with only standard compression. Application of MPH resulted in complete control of bleeding in 2 of 6, 4 of 6, and 6 of 6 rats at 30, 60, and 90 sec, respectively. In the control group, however, hemostasis could not be achieved in all 6 rats, even at 90 sec. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P=.007). Application of MPH and compression with a scale weight significantly decreased the time of hemostasis in the rat model with femoral arterial bleeding.