Antiinflammatory Activity of Hot Water Infusion of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis Flowers

In Sri Lankan ethnomedicate it is claimed the flowers of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis is effective in the treatment of inflammatory conditions but this has not been scientifically validated. This experiment was carried to investigate the antinflammatory potential of hot water infusion of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis flowers. Oral antiinflammatory activity of hot water infusion of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis flowers (concentrations: 3.75, 7.5, 12.5 and 18.75 mg/kg) was assessed in rats using both acute (carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay) and chronic (formaldehyde induced-paw oedema and cotton pellet-granuloma tests) inflammatory models. In an attempt to investigate its mode of action, antihistamine activity (by wheal test), inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (by enteropooling test), inhibition of Tumor necrosis factor_α secretion (using human mononuclear cells), and suppression of vascular permeability (acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test) and cytotoxicity (Evans blue test) were assessed. In the carrageenan-induced paw oedema test, hot water infusion simultaneously suppressed both initial and late stages of inflammation in an inversely dose related manner. Hot water infusion also inhibited paw oedema in formalin and cotton pellet granuloma tests. In addition, this infusion exhibited marked anti histamine activity, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition and suppression of vascular permeability. These findings scientifically support the traditional use of Nyctanthes arbo-tristis flowers in treatment of inflammatory conditions.     

胃肠外科老人术后早期空肠输注肠内营养护理

目的: 对应用综合护理干预模式对接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者在术后早期空肠输注肠内营养支持过程中实施护理的临床效果进行研究.方法:选择接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者86例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例,在术后均实施早期空肠输注肠内营养支持.采用综合护理干预模式对观察组患者在营养支持期间实施护理;采用常规护理模式对对照组患者在营养支持期间实施护理.结果:观察组患者对术后营养支持期间的护理服务满意度明显高于对照组;术后营养支持计划实施时间和住院时间明显短于对照组.结论:应用综合护理干预模式对接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者在术后早期空肠输注肠内营养支持过程中实施护理的临床效果非常明显.     

神经外科术后患者静脉输注替考拉宁脑脊液药物浓度研究

目的了解神经外科术后患者静脉输注替考拉宁时脑脊液药物浓度,探讨神经外科手术破坏血脑屏障后是否可增加脑脊液药物浓度,以及药物持续泵入对脑脊液药物浓度的影响。方法选择神经外科术后留置术区/脑室引流管的患者,分为常规给药组(替考拉宁400 mg,30 min泵入,1次/12 h重复给药)和持续给药组(替考拉宁400 mg,30 min泵入,再以200 mg,1次/6 h持续泵入),于给药后相应时间点采集脑脊液标本检测替考拉宁浓度。结果常规给药组脑脊液替考拉宁浓度泵入后即刻浓度为(0.004±0.0123)mg/L,泵入后1 h达峰值(0.712±1.028)mg/L,后逐渐下降,泵入后12、18、24 h分别为(0.254±0.222)、(0.173±0.152)、(0.355±0.207)mg/L。持续给药组脑脊液替考拉宁泵入后即刻浓度为(0.017±0.020)mg/L,4 h后达峰值(0.587±0.255)mg/L,泵入后6、12、18、24 h分别为(0.429±0.416)、(0.325±0.254)、(0.476±0.686)、(0.318±0.464)mg/L,6 h后药物浓度相对稳定,介于(0.318±0.464)~(0.476±0.686)mg/L。常规给药组、持续给药组的AUC0—24 h分别为5.590 mg/L·h、9.082 mg/L·h。两组患者仅峰值附近区域替考拉宁浓度达到凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)MIC50,但其浓度高于CNS MIC50的时间占整个给药时间的比例远小于50%;两组患者脑脊液替考拉宁浓度均未能达到金黄色葡萄球菌MIC50。结论持续输注替考拉宁后,患者脑脊液药物浓度较常规给药组有所增加,但仍未能达所要求的MIC;结合血药浓度的实验,血液浓度增高有利于脑脊液药物浓度增加,可考虑适当增加剂量以达到临床治疗目的。     

静脉药物集中调配模式的应用及体会

目的：总结静脉输液制剂集中调配模式的运行工作,进一步提高我院药学服务质量。方法：采用“统排统配法”集中调配全院静脉用药,临床药师以静脉输液加药调配中心（PIVAS）为平台,制定个体化输液计划,实施条形码扫描“后计费”模式收取药费和配置费。结果与结论：全院不合理用药现象明显改善,药品调剂和配置效率大大提高,一次性耗材消耗量明显减少;药品“后计费”模式大大减少了病区静脉药物的退药现象。PIVAS的应用,获得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益,使我院药学服务步入一个新的台阶。     

静脉药物加药口消毒及使用医用输液瓶口贴的必要性研究

目的 研究静脉药物加药口消毒和使用医用输液瓶口贴的必要性。方法 在静脉药物配置中心的洁净操作环境下,向60个批次的静脉输液中加入10ml灭菌注射用水模拟配置加药过程,参照《中国药典》2010版二部附录Ⅺ J中细菌计数方法,对消毒组和未消毒组、使用密封消毒袋后医用输液瓶口贴组和未使用组的微生物污染情况进行统计分析。结果 消毒组和未消毒组在统计学意义上有显著差异（P>0.05）,在使用密封消毒袋后,贴医用输液瓶口贴组和未贴组在统计学意义上没有显著差异。结论 配制静脉药物时,加药口需要进行消毒以减少加药时微生物污染的风险,使用密封消毒袋后,30 min内静脉输液在病区使用不需要贴医用输液瓶口贴。     

How can we intervene to mitigate post-transplantation relapse in AML? Strategies to mitigate post-transplantation relapse in AML

Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative approach for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapse is a common occurrence. Several strategies, such as choice of conditioning regimen, donor lymphocyte infusions, pharmacologic agents, and cellular therapy approaches, are currently being developed to improve transplantation outcomes. This review outlines some important interventions and considerations to lower the burden of post-transplantation relapse in AML.     

Pharmacokinetics of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Summary One of the reasons for the variability of blood glucose regulation in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients is the huge variation in subcutaneous absorption of intermediate-acting insulin. We have investigated the variation in insulin absorption during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in eight such patients. The content of insulin in the subcutaneous tissue was measured using ¹²⁵I-labelled insulin. The concentration of free serum insulin and blood glucose was followed from 1 h before and from 7 h after breakfast on two consecutive days. The amount of insulin absorbed during 24 h differed in all cases by less than 3% from the daily insulin dose given by the pumps. Mean insulin absorption rates and mean free insulin concentration showed peak values 30–90 min after meal bolus injections; this was sufficient to maintain near-normal blood glucose. Mean free serum insulin correlated strongly with disappearance of insulin from the subcutaneous tissue (r=0.98). From the insulin absorption rates and free insulin concentrations during basal constant insulin infusion, the half-time of serum insulin was calculated as 6 min. Compared with the known large variability in the absorption of intermediate-acting insulin, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion offers a precise and reproducible way of insulin administration resulting in post-prandial serum insulin peaks sufficient to maintain near-normal blood glucose levels. The half-time of serum insulin during subcutaneous infusion corresponds to values for intravenous infusion given in the literature, indicating that local degradation of insulin in subcutaneous tissue is of minor importance.     

Radioiodinated anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ferritin Targeting therapy,tumor imaging and anti-antibody response in HCC patients with hepatic arterial infusion

Summary Radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy with radioiodinated anti-(hepatocellular carcinoma ferritin) antibody (¹³¹I-or¹²⁵I-FtAb) have been applied in patients with primary liver cancer. A total of 41 patients with surgically unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and receiving hepatic artery ligation and cannulation during exploratory laparotomy were treated with this regimen by intrahepatic arterial infusion. Compared with the control group, a decline of serum -fetoprotein (65.7% versus 42.9%) and shrinkage of tumor (68.3% versus 33.9%) were observed in the treated group, and a higher second-look resection rate (31.7% versus 5.1%) and longer survival (1-year: 61.0% versus 37.3%, 3-year: 25.0% versus 6.9%) resulted. The administration of antibody through a hepatic arterial catheter (n=16) was compared with intravenous injection (n-17) in terms of the tumor-imaging sensitivity in 33 patients with liver cancer. The results indicated that hepatic arterial infusion was superior to intravenous injection. The sensitivity 7 days after the administration was 100% in the i.a. group and 76.5% in the i.v. group, the uptake ratio of tumor to liver being 1.74±0.57 in the former and 1.34±0.29 in the latter. Furthermore, intrahepatic arterial infusion revealed a lower anti-antibody detection rate than intravenous injection (0/14 versus 4/11).Abbreviations AFP -tetoprotein - FtAb ferritin antibody