Muscular performance after a 3 month progressive physical exercise program and 9 month follow-up in subjects with low back pain. A controlled study

The purpose of this study was to assess, in subjects with low back pain, the changes and their permanence in muscular performance after a 3 month progressive physical exercise program. Ninety subjects with chronic low back pain participated in the study. The study design was controlled and it was carried out in three groups: intensive training, home exercise, and control group. Isometric and dynamic muscle strength of the trunk and lower limb were measured, at the beginning of the study and after the 3 months exercise program, and then during each of the follow-up sessions. The Oswestry Index and back pain intensity were also determined. Both exercise groups received benefit from the progressive exercise program. Their muscular performance improved and their back pain intensity decreased significantly. Among the home exercise group, the Oswestry Index also changed positively. The results demonstrate that the home exercise program could be as effective as the intensive training program in increasing muscle strength, as well as decreasing back pain and functional disability among low back pain patients with mild functional limitations.     

Proteoglycan fragments in knee joint fluid after exercise

The concentration of cartilage proteoglycan fragments in knee joint fluid was measured before and after one event of physical exercise in 33 healthy athletes. Nine athletes ran on a treadmill for 60 min, 16 ran on road for 80 min and 8 played one soccer game (90 min). Before exercise, the levels of proteoglycan fragments in the athlete joint fluid were lower than in a previously analyzed reference group. After exercise, the concentration of proteoglycan fragments increased in all of the 7 athletes that could be directly compared before and after exercise. This increased concentration of proteoglycan fragments in the joint fluid could be an effect of mechanical loading of the cartilage in combination with a possible high turn-over rate of the cartilage matrix in the athletes.     

A neural network confirms that physical exercise reverses EEG changes in depressed rats

The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) system to differentiate the EEG power density spectra in depressed from normal rats was tried. The beneficial effects of chronic physical exercise in reducing the effects of stress and therefore depression was also to be tested in animals by the same method. In this study, rats were divided into 4 groups, subjected to (i) chronic stress (D group); (ii) chronic exercise by treadmill running (EO group); (iii) exercise with stress (ES group) and (iv) handling (C group). The prefrontal cortical EEG, EMG and EOG were recorded simultaneously on paper and the digitized EEG signals were also stored in the hard-disk of a PC-AT through an ADC. After filtering the digitize signals, the EEG power spectra were calculated by an FFT routine. Three successive 4 s artefact-free epochs were averaged. The REM and NREM sleep periods as well as the awake period signals were analyzed separately. The FFT values from each of the 3 states, in the 4 groups of animals were tested by an ANN with 30 first layer neurons and a 2nd layer of a majority-vote-taker. The ANN could distinguish the depressed from the normal rats' EEG very well in REM (99%) sleep, NREM (95%) sleep and awake (81%) states. In most of the cases it identified the exercised rats' EEG as normal.     

不同强度运动对女子游泳运动员性激素水平的影响及特点

本研究以放兔分析法观察不同强度运动前后19名女子游泳运动员血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)及胰岛素(Ins)的变化。受试者在卵泡及黄体两期分别进行短时间高强度间歇运动——6×50m全速力竭性游泳和长时间持续运动——1000m全速力竭性游泳。在运动前5分钟及运动后即刻分别采集静脉血测定各种激素含量。主要结果如下:受试者从事6×50m最大速度间歇游泳后,卵泡期各种激素浓度的变化均显著高于运动前安静状态,黄体期变化不一,FSH、LH降低,E_2、P、T及Ins升高。从事1000m全速游泳后,激素变化表现为卵泡期FSH、LH、E_2、P均升高,T及Ins降低;黄体期E_2、P、T升高,Ins降低,FSH、LH无显著变化,两期相比黄体期运动成绩优于卵泡期。上述结果提示:①受试者月经周期的黄体期机体有氧能力强于卵泡期,运动能力的增强与黄体期E_2、P、T水平升高有关。②FSH、LH与E_2、P分泌变化并非同步一致,说明运动中E_2升高并非受制于促性腺激素,而主要是卵巢分泌量升高所致。③运动中E_2、P、T具有协同效应,可抵抗疲劳,提高人体运动能力。     

Self-efficacy and the maintenance of exercise participation in older adults

The role played by exercise self-efficacy in the maintenance of exercise participation of previously sedentary middle-aged adults 4 months after the termination of a formal exercise program is reported. Correlational and multiple regression analyses examined the influence of self-efficacy, physiological (aerobic capacity, sex, body composition), and behavioral (past exercise frequency and intensity) parameters in the maintenance of exercise participation. Self-efficacy significantly predicted exercise behavior at follow-up when controlling for biological and behavioral influences. Aerobic capacity, exercise efficacy, and exercise behavior in combination were significantly related to current energy expenditure in aerobic physical activity. The discussion focuses on the need to examine the impact of different correlates of exercise behavior at different stages of the exercise process.This project was funded by Grant AG07907 from the National Institute on Aging.     

Rate-responsive pacing with a pacemaker that detects respiratory rate (Biorate): clinical advantages and complications

The respiratory-dependent pacemaker (RDP3 or MB-1, Biorate, Biotec International, S.p.A., Bologna, Italy) detects the respiratory rate by measuring thoracic impedance using a subcutaneous auxiliary lead. The sensed respiratory rate is used to determine the pacing rate response. This pacemaker had been implanted in 9 patients with a mean age of 58 (range 42-69) years. During symptom-limited treadmill exercise, rate-modulated pacing resulted in a significant increase in pacing rate (mean +/- SD, 124 +/- 10 vs. 71 +/- 3 beats/min p less than 0.001) and exercise capacity (343 +/- 147 vs. 463 +/- 120 s, p less than 0.05) compared to those achieved with constant rate ventricular pacing. Brief treadmill exercise tests showed appropriate rate response to increased walking speed and gradient. However, rate response was modified by arm swinging-induced motion artefact which affected the measured "impedance." Complications observed on follow-up included perforation of the auxiliary lead in 2 patients and symptomatic myopotential interference in 3 patients with the RDP3 pacemaker, all of whom required unit replacement. It is concluded that although the respiratory-dependent pacemaker can confer physiological benefit in patients with bradycardia, myopotential interference (largely overcome by the new version MB-1 with programmable sensitivity) and the auxiliary lead can be problematic in some patients.     

Determination of left ventricular wall thickness and muscle mass by intravenous digital subtractionangiocardiography: validation of the method

Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and muscle mass are importantmeasures of LV hypertrophy. In 24 patients LV end-diastolicwall thickness and muscle mass were determined (two observers)by digital subtraction angiocardiography (DSA) and conventionalLV angiocardiography (LVA). Wall thickness was determined overthe anterolateral wall of the left ventricle according to thetechnique of Rackley (method 1) or by planimetry (method 2).Seventeen patients were studied at rest and seven during dynamicexercise. Wall thickness correlated well between LVA and DSA;the best correlations were obtained by a combined subtractionmode using either method 1 or 2 (method 1, r0–80; method2,r0. 75). The standard error of estimate of the mean (SEE) wasslightly lower for method 2 ( 10%) than for method 1 ( 13%).DSA significantly overestimated wall thickness by 5–7%with method 1 and underestimated by 12–14% with method2. Muscle mass correlated well between LVA and DSA; the SEEwas 15% for method 1 and 12% for method 2. Overestimation ofmuscle mass by DSA was 7–11% with method 1 and underestimationwas 13–15% with method 2.It is concluded that LV wallthickness can be determined accurately by DSA with an SEE rangingbetween 10 and 13%. Determination of LV muscle mass is slightlyless accurate and the SEE is slightly larger ranging between13 to 17%. With method 1, wall thickness and muscle mass wereover estimated and with method 2 underestimated.     

Histamine turnover in the brain of morphine-dependent mice

Summary The turnover of brain histamine was examined in mice implanted subcutaneously with a morphine pellet (50 mg free base). The numbers of naloxone-precipitated jumpings and body shakes were maximum 2 and 3 days after implantation, respectively. The brain tele-methylhistamine level significantly increased (50% to 115%) during 12 h3 days after implantation of a morphine pellet, whereas the histamine level remained unchanged. The accumulation of tele-methylhistamine by pargyline treatment was significantly enhanced when pargyline was administered 12 h after implantation, suggesting an enhancement of histamine turnover. However, a similar degree of the tele-methylhistamine accumulation was induced by pargyline during 1–5 days after implantation, as compared with the accumulation in the control mice implanted with a placebo pellet. In mice undergoing morphine withdrawal by either the removal of morphine pellet or the treatment with naloxone 3 days after implantation, the degree of the pargyline-induced telemethylhistamine accumulation or the (S)--fluoromethylhistidine (-FMH)-induced histamine decrease was similar to that observed in the placebo pellet-control mice. The numbers of naloxone-precipitated jumpings and body shakes occurring in mice 3 days after implantation were not significantly affected by any of l-histidine, -FMH or metoprine. These results suggest that turnover of histamine in the brain is enhanced by acute morphine treatment and returns to the normal rate in the stage of chronic treatment and remains unchanged during the state of withdrawal. Send offprint requests to K. Saeki     

基于贝叶斯多变量联合模型的体检人群脑卒中发病风险因素的纵向研究

背景 脑卒中是目前影响人类健康的主要公共卫生问题之一;健康体检纵向数据累积了大量的健康信息,由于缺失数据多、样本量小等诸多问题,导致其利用率低、重要信息未能得到充分挖掘,进而对常见慢性病的有效防控等工作带来一定困难。目的 基于贝叶斯多变量联合模型,探讨体检人群脑卒中发病风险因素,为慢性病风险因素分析提供新的方法。方法 本研究使用空军军医大学西京医院健康医学中心2008—2015年的体检资料。随访情况：以首次发生脑卒中为结局事件,发生结局事件立即停止随访;若未发生,到2015年体检信息收集完成后结束随访;体检间隔时间为1年。依据随访过程中是否发生脑卒中分为脑卒中组和非脑卒中组。纵向观察变量包括总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、体质指数（BMI）和收缩压（SBP）。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析基线情况对脑卒中结局事件的影响;采用贝叶斯多变量联合模型,分析随访过程中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、BMI和SBP的纵向变化轨迹对脑卒中发病的影响。结果 本研究共纳入234例研究对象,1 581条纵向随访记录,平均随访时间为...     

综合矫正训练方案联合中药熏蒸治疗上交叉综合征疗效观察

<正>上交叉综合征(upper crossed syndrome,UCS)是指因上半身长期处于不良姿势,造成相关肌群功能失衡,进而引起颈肩背部疼痛不适、胸闷、睡眠障碍等一系列不良症状的一种亚健康状态^[1]。UCS常见的体态是圆肩、驼背、头前倾^[2]。目前临床上主要通过纠正局部的肌肉失衡来治疗UCS,常用的方法有运动疗法、肌肉能量技术、针灸和推拿等^[3]。