对256例服用吉非替尼非小细胞肺癌患者的药学监护体会

目的 探讨对256例服用吉非替尼非小细胞肺癌患者实施药学监护的过程、方法 及其作用。方法 选取2017年10月至2019年10月在我院肿瘤科住院的服用吉非替尼的非小细胞肺癌患者256例,对照组给予常规药物治疗,观察组在药物治疗基础上给予针对性药学监护措施,对其不良反应相应给予不同的应对方案,整理、归纳和分析两组的治疗总有效率、不良反应总发生率和因不良反应导致的总停药率。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率为48.44%,明显高于对照组的28.12%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组因不良反应导致的总停药率为25.78%,明显低于对照组的40.63%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 通过对吉非替尼不良反应的针对性药学监护,使其疗效显著升高、停药率显著降低,大大提高了患者的依从性。     

Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance as an optimized management strategy for adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment

From a perspective of drug administration, eco-pharmacovigilance (EPV) has been proposed as a new approach to prevent the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical emerging contaminants. However, it is impracticable to practice unitary and rigor EPV process for all the pharmaceutical substances with complex and diversified chemical, biological or toxicological properties. We proposed the “targeted EPV” that is the science and activities associated with the targeted detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects of high-priority hazardous pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially focusing on the control of main anthropogenic sources of pharmaceutical emission among key stakeholders in high-risk areas could be used as an optimized management strategy for pharmaceutical pollution. “Targeted EPV” implementation should focus on the targeted monitoring of the occurrence of high-priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples, the targeted reporting of over-standard discharge, the targeted management for main emission sources, the targeted legislation and researches on high-priority pharmaceutical pollutants, as well as the targeted educational strategies for specific key populations.     

Cetuximab conjugated vitamin E TPGS micelles for targeted delivery of docetaxel for treatment of triple negative breast cancers

We developed a system of Cetuximab-conjugated micelles of vitamin E TPGS for targeted delivery of docetaxel as a model anticancer drug for treatment of the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which shows no expression of either one of the hormone progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is thus more difficult to be treated than the positive breast cancer. Such micelles are of desired particle size, drug loading, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile. Their surface morphology, surface charge and surface chemistry were also characterized. The fibroblast cells (NIH3T3), HER2 overexpressed breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3), ER and PR overexpressed breast cancer cells (MCF7), and TNBC cells of high, moderate and low EGFR expression (MDA MB 468, MDA MB 231 and HCC38) were employed to access in vitro cellular uptake of the coumarin 6 loaded TPGS micelles and cytotoxicity of docetaxel formulated in the micelles. The high IC50 value, which is the drug concentration needed to kill 50% of the cells in a designated period such as 24 h, obtained from Taxotere^® showed that the TNBC cells are indeed more resistant to the free drug than the positive breast cancer cells. However, the therapeutic effects of docetaxel could be greatly enhanced by the formulation of Cetuximab conjugated TPGS micelles, which demonstrated 205.6 and 223.8 fold higher efficiency than Taxotere^® for the MDA MB 468 and MDA MB 231 cell lines respectively.     

社区老年人用药现状调查

目的:了解社区老年人的用药现状,为药师促进老年人合理用药提供工作切入点。方法:采用问卷与访谈相结合的方法,对484例社区老年人的用药现状进行调查。结果:影响老年人健康的主要疾病包括高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑血管疾病;平均用药品种数为2.92种;随着教育背景的升高,阅读药品说明书的比例有所增加,但用药依从性的比例降低;老年人普遍对药品和药品不良反应(ADR)知识不甚了解(91.74%和60.74%);表示接受过药师用药指导的占21.11%;有问题咨询药师的仅占3.10%。结论:老年人用药品种多,对ADR的认知少,药师的公众认知度低。亟待提高社区医疗机构的药学服务能力,以提升药师的社会影响力。     

系统中药学指导下的益母草多维评价研究

系统中药学是基于现代中药学学科的开创者凌一揆教授"大中药"的思想,是研究中药复杂系统品种、品质、制药、药性、功效、应用等关键要素发生、发展、变化的科学。本文论述了系统中药学的科学内涵,报告了在系统中药学指导下益母草"品质制性效应"的研究实践。     

气相色谱法测定三种药品包材残留溶剂含量

目的：建立药品包材中残留溶剂的含量测定方法。方法：色谱柱为DM-WA（30 mm×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）;程序升温,30 ℃保持10 min,以10 ℃/min上升至90 ℃,保持2 min,以90 ℃/min上升至160 ℃,保持5 min;进样口温度160 ℃;氢焰离子化检测器,温度220 ℃;以正己烷为内标定量。结果：丙酮、乙酸乙酯、丁酮、异丙醇、苯、甲苯的回归方程分别为Y=3.5638X+0.0120,Y=3.6619X+0.0099,Y=4.9390X+0.0104,Y=3.7315X+0.0042,Y=10.112X+0.0291,Y=10.258X+0.0370。蒙脱石散包材残留溶剂为甲苯,平均回收为97.2%,RSD=1.41%。结论：该方法准确、重现性好、灵敏度高,可用于药品包材残留溶剂的含量测定。     

清热合剂保留灌肠对中风合并发热病人退热的临床研究

目的：观察清热合剂的疗效。方法：将80例中风合并痰热内蕴发热病人（排除其他证型患者）随机分为观察组和对照组，各40例，观察组在常规辨证分型中西药治疗的同时结合清热合剂保留灌肠，对照组按常规治疗。观察比较两组用药后4h降温情况。结果：4h后降温观察组明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：提示清热合刺保留灌肠促进中风合并发热病人体温下降疗效明显。     

阿胶现代研究进展

目的对阿胶的化学成分及有效物质基础、药理作用及其机理作用和质量标准等方面的研究作一总结,为阿胶的进一步研究和开发提供借鉴信息和思路。方法查阅整理近10年的研究文献资料和信息。结果与结论阿胶的化学成分及有效物质基础、药理作用及其机理作用和质量标准研究有较大的发展和突破。     

基于液相色谱飞行时间质谱的炒川楝子化学成分分析

目的通过液相色谱飞行时间质谱(LC/QTOF MS)联用技术定性分析炒川楝子甲醇提取物中的主要化学成分。方法色谱分离采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以1%甲酸—乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,流速:1.0 mL.min-1,质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,正负离子模式扫描。结果通过正、负离子质谱信息及元素组成分析并结合相关文献数据对照,鉴定出炒川楝子甲醇提取物中的11个成分。结论建立了一种基于LC/QTOF MS技术对炒川楝子中的化学成分进行鉴别的方法,为中药饮片炒川楝子的质量控制奠定了基础并为其深入研究和应用提供了依据。     

Update of a database for estimation of whole grain content of foods in Australia

Food composition data is essential for calculating consumption based on reported dietary intake. Inclusion of the whole grain content of foods in food composition databases is limited. In Australia, quantification of whole grain composition does not include all foods within the current survey database, AUSNUT (Australian Food, Supplement and Nutrient) 2011–13. This study aimed to update an existing Australian whole grain database to include all foods and food products within AUSNUT 2011–13 (n = 5741). Whole grain content (g) per 100 g was calculated using a systematic recipe-based approach, and input from industry stakeholders, product packaging, and ingredient lists. Overall 590 foods were identified as containing whole grain. Cereals and cereal products formed the majority (43%) of the database. Foods with whole grain content 100.0 g/100 g were raw or puffed whole grains, whole grain flours, and ready to eat cereals made from 100% whole grains. Considerable variation in whole grain content exists between and within food groups. The updated database may be a useful tool for assessing whole grain content of Australian food intake data. Application will allow estimation of whole grain intake in highly varied Australian population groups.