一起幼儿园内空肠弯曲菌高感染情况的调查

作者报道了一起幼儿园内空肠弯曲菌高感染的传播。该幼儿园儿童空肠弯曲菌阳性率为23.0％(43/187)。腹泻病例空肠弯曲菌阳性率为18.6％(8/43),健康儿童带菌率为24.3％(35/144)。同期另一幼儿园健康儿童和门诊非腹泻患儿带菌率分别为11.3％(27/238)和7.5％(15/201),三者间差异显著(P<0.005)。通过流行病学调查及菌株的生物分型表明,传染源可能是两名患空肠弯曲菌肠炎的炊事员,他们与儿童的菌株为同一生物型。其传播可能是通过污染的食物或人与人接触而引起的。     

新生儿红臀的病原学监测及治疗护理对策

目的探讨新生儿红臀继发感染的主要病原和合适的临床治疗护理方法,评价红臀患儿局部使用抗菌药物的价值.方法对2002年1月～2004年12月收治的132例新生儿的红臀进行病原学监测,并分为观察组和对照组,观察组在传统护理基础上加用含制霉菌素和氯霉素的激素软膏局部使用.比较2组红臀愈合时间.结果132例红臀患儿中,共获取细菌137株,真菌19株;122例(92.4%)存在合并感染的病原学证据;肺炎克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌是主要病原,分别占47.4%和19.2%;86例在传统护理基础上经应用含制霉菌素和氯霉素的激素软膏,愈合时间为(4.5±1.8)d,较传护理愈合时间(6.2±3.5)d明显缩短(t=3.083,p＜0.01).结论新生儿红臀常继发各种细菌和真菌感染,局部使用抗菌药物和合理适当的护理可加快红臀的愈合.     

Fine mapping of X-linked clasped thumb and mental retardation (MASA syndrome) in Xq28

The MASA syndrome is an X-linked disorder with mental retardation, spastic paraparesis, and adducted thumbs as the most characteristic features. We performed linkage analysis, using Xq28 markers, on a large MASA syndrome family. The maximum lodscore was 6.37 at 0 recombination for DXS52 and 5.99 at 0 recombination for DXS305. Crossovers were demonstrated between the disorder and DXS455. Clinical and linkage data from this family further support the hypothesis that the MASA syndrome and X-linked hydrocephalus are allelic disorders.     

医院内感染病原菌及其对抗生素的耐药状况

调查1988年3月～5月我院591例住院病例,发生96例次院内感染,总发病率16.2％。院内感染病原菌中,革蓝氏阴性杆菌占72.9％,革蓝氏阳性球菌占12.9％,念珠菌属占14.1％。院内感染病原菌的耐药性明显高于院外菌株。绿脓杆菌对庆大霉素和羧苄青霉素的耐药率分别为63.6％和54.5％。其它革蓝氏阴性杆菌院内株对常用抗生素如氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、庆大霉素和妥布拉霉素的耐药率分别为82.5％、 67.5％、47.5％和45％。革蓝氏阳性球菌院内株的耐药性也很严重,表葡菌对多种半合成青霉素类、红霉素、复方新诺明甚至万古霉素的耐药率达60％以上。同时分离出耐甲氧西林金葡菌。     

截瘫患者医院感染的监测及预防措施

目的了解截瘫患者医院感染的病原菌对药物敏感情况. 方法回顾分析我院自1996年9月～2003年11月,316例截瘫患者的有关临床资料. 结果 98例患者发生医院感染,医院感染率为31.01%,感染部位主要以呼吸道、皮肤软组织、手术切口、泌尿道感染为多;医院感染的病原菌主要是条件致病菌,以G-菌为主.结论医护人员必须严格无菌操作,根据细菌药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物,加强营养,提高患者机体抵抗力.     

老年患者尿路感染菌群分布及其耐药性分析

目的 :了解老年患者尿路感染致病菌的菌群分布及其对抗生素的耐药情况 ,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法 :收集湖北省 15所三级甲等医院 2 0 0 2年尿路感染老年患者清洁中段尿细菌培养分离的 5 34株致病菌 ,对其进行耐药性监测。药敏采用K B法 ,用WHONET 5软件进行数据分析。结果 :共收集致病菌 5 34株 ,其中革兰阴性菌 4 0 9株 (76 .6 % ) ,革兰阳性菌 12 5株(2 3.4 % )。革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌检出率最高 (2 6 4株 ,4 9.4 % ) ,其次为克雷白杆菌 (44株 ,8.2 % )。 16 .7%的大肠埃希菌和 2 2 .7%的克雷白杆菌产超广谱 β 内酰胺酶。亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶对革兰阴性菌的抗菌活性最强 ,而革兰阴性菌对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、哌拉西林的耐药率均在 5 0 %以上。革兰阳性菌以肠球菌最多见 (6 4株 ,12 % ) ,其次为葡萄球菌属 (43株 ,8.1% )。革兰阳性菌对SMZco、红霉素等的耐药率均在 4 0 %以上 ,但对万古霉素均敏感。结论 :老年患者尿路感染以革兰阴性菌为优势菌株 ,且耐药性日益严重 ,对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶最为敏感。革兰阳性菌宜以万古霉素为首选。     

湖南省衡阳地区STD患者病原体检测

目的 了解衡阳地区性传播疾病(STD)患者病原体感染情况。方法 对2420例可疑STD患者进行检测：淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、解脲脲原体(UU)、人型支原体(MH)采用培养法；沙眼衣原体(CT)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)核酸采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法；梅毒螺旋体(TP)采用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)和TP-PA法。结果 STD病原体阳性检出率为38．1％(922／2420)。在922例中UU占29．6％，CT20．8％，HPV17．8％，NG17．4％，MH6．3％，HSV4．2％，TP3．9％。结论 衡阳地区STD患者中UU感染率最高，CT和HPV次之，TP感染率最低。     

Antimetastatic Activity of Polymeric RGDT Peptides Conjugated with Poly(ethylene glycol)

Polymeric peptides containing defined repetitive or cyclic structures of RGDT sequence, (RGDT)_n (n = 1 to 11) and cyclo(RGDT)_n (n=2 to 4), at a dose of 500 μg exhibited an inhibitory effect on experimental lung metastasis upon co-injection with tumor cells and the magnitude of the effect increased in parallel with the increase of degree of repetition of the RGDT sequence. The conjugation of (RGDT)_n (n = 1, 5, 11) with poly(ethylene glycol), PEG as a polymeric carrier led to enhanced inhibition of lung metastasis in proportion to the degree of RGDT sequence repetition and in a dose-dependent manner. Multiple i.v. administrations of PEG-(RGDT)₁₁, at 2-day and 3-day intervals before the excision of primary tumors, effectively inhibited spontaneous lung metastasis by s.c. inoculation of tumors, whereas (RGDT)₁₁ exhibited inhibition of lung metastasis only when given at 2-day intervals. This indicates that the conjugation of PEG with (RGDT)_n allowed the prolongation of administration interval, implying a sustained inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis. In support of this supposition, a decrease in the arrest of radiolabeled tumor cells in the lungs was observed when PEG-(RGDT)₁₁ was co-injected i.v. with tumor cells, or injected i.v. one day before tumor inoculation. In contrast, (RGDT)₁₁ significantly inhibited the tumor cell arrest in the lungs only upon co-injection with tumor cells. We also noted that (RGDT)_n, cyclo(RGDT)_n and PEG-(RGDT)₁₁ inhibited tumor cell invasion into Matrigel in a concentration-dependent manner and in proportion to the degree of RGDT sequence repetition, indicating that the peptide-mediated antimetastatic effect is partly associated with the anti-invasive potential. Thus, the conjugation of anti-cell adhesive and antimetastatic RGDT peptide with PEG might provide a therapeutically promising basis for the prevention of cancer metastasis (“anti adhesion therapy”).     

HBV血清学标记携带者家庭内传染性多因素分析

HBV血清学标记携带者的传染受许多因素的影响。本研究采用多因素分析方法,定量描述了各种类型HBV血清学标记携带者家庭内传染性及有关因素影响的大小。家中上次HBsAg携带与易感者HBsAg和HBeAg阳转呈正相关。家中上次抗-HBc携带与易感者抗-HBc阳转呈正相关,OR=5.98;但与抗-HBc滴度变化无显著联系。而家中上次抗-HBc携带,HBsAg与抗-HBc同时携带与易感者HBsAg和HBeAg阳转呈负相关。年龄与HBsAg阳转呈负相关;文化水平与易感者抗-HBs阳转亦呈负相关;手术史、注射史与乙肝续发感染正相关。多因素分析对阐明人群中大量HBV血清学标记携带者的动态变化有一定意义。     

Regeneration of periodontal ligament and cementum by BMP-applied tissue engineering

Previously, we demonstrated that the inductive properties of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) highly depend on the nature of the carrier material used for implantation. In this paper, we show that administration of BMP incorporated in a fibrous collagen membrane can help to regenerate periodontal ligament and cementum both in cat canines and in monkey molars. The partially purified bovine BMP was combined with one or two layers of a fibrous collagen membrane. Although the single layer approach showed partial regeneration of periodontal defects, it also quite often led to ankylosis. The double layer technique in artificially prepared class III furcation defects in monkey molars gave favorable results. After 12 wk, not only the alveolar process but also the periodontal ligament and cementum had regenerated along the entire treated dentin surface. Collagen fibers were arranged more or less perpendicular to the surface of the new cementum. Ankylosis was not seen. It is concluded that the double-layer approach is superior to the single-layer technique in regenerating cementum.