阿昔洛韦-乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物毫微粒制备工艺的优化选择

目的：筛选制备阿昔洛韦－乙交酯－丙交酯共聚物毫微粒（ＡＣＶ－ＰＬＧＡ－ＮＰ）的优化工艺。方法：单因素试验初选制备ＡＣＶ－ＰＬＧＡ－ＮＰ的ｐＨ值范围、聚乙烯醇（Ｐｏｌｙｖｉｎｙｌ ａｌｃｏｈｏｌ,ＰＶＡ）浓度范围、ＰＬＧＡ分子量、药物及丙酮浓度范围。按均匀设计表设计实验,进行结果预测及验证。结果：优化工艺与ＰＬＧＡ分子量及丙酮浓度无关,ｐＨ值为１．５,ＰＶＡ浓度为５０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,ＡＣＶ浓度为０．８ｍ     

Some problems and some solutions in research on psychotherapeutic intervention in cancer

Several requirements of psychotherapeutic intervention (PI) research are presented. Some major problems are discussed. First, confidence in experimental results may be diminished by interference of possible confounders. A large number of these exist, both physical, perhaps more easily measurable, and psychological or psychosocial. Second, the value and limitations of randomization are presented, with special reference to small N. Validity and reliability are addressed, with emphasis on things that may dilute the strength of both of these measures. Natural remedies are proposed. Internal consistency and reliability are compared and cautions are given regarding their use and possible invalid substitution of consistency for reliability. Comparison of different PIs is commented on, with some relevant examples. Finally, a matter of special interest is discussed: the inconsistency between Spiegel's control survival curve and that produced from local population normative data.Presented at the Symposium Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Cancer Patients, Flims, Switzerland, 12–14 January 1995     

Malaria vaccines

Significant progress has been made in the development of the malaria vaccine during the last 20 years. Ninety percent of the 300–500 million clinical cases of malaria per year worldwide occur in Africa. Thus, research must be directed toward the 1 million African children under 5 years of age who die every year of malaria. An asexual blood-stage vaccine, capable of reducing severe and complicated malaria and malaria-related mortality, is therefore an important public health tool in these countries. Although knowledge of the parasite's biology is incomplete, research has allowed insight into some of the mechanisms that the parasite uses to evade host immunity. This is the basis for adopting an antigenic cocktail approach toward obtaining a synthetic or recombinant subunit vaccine such as the synthetic Colombian Malaria vaccine SPf 66. During the development of Spf66, field trials under both low and high malaria endemicity areas in Latin America and Africa have been carried out. The results from these studies showed a protective efficacy ranging between 38.8 and 60.2% againstPlasmodium falciparum malaria. Given the characteristics of the normal immune response to malaria (relatively short-lived and not completely effective), it is understandable that the main goal is to try to increase the host's natural immunity. The best candidates for designing a malaria vaccine are the proteins required for parasite survival, those with low mutation rates and conserved epitopes. Because these proteins play an important role in multiple or alternative steps during the invasion process, they should be the targets against which a protective immune response should be elicited. The interaction between the malaria parasite and its host is complex. It is therefore crucial to define new ways of improving the immune response—such as directly modifying the chemical structure of epitopes or using new adjuvants or DNA immunization techniques—to produce novel vaccines against this disease.     

使用Excel 7.0for Windows95优化换热网络

提出了使用Ｅｘｃｅｌ ７．０ ｆｏｒ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５简便和快速优化换热网络的方法。首先由Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ法确定全局最优点的近似位置,然后由“Ｓｏｌｖｅｒ”求得精确解。全部优化过程由ＶＢＡ语言编写。此法可用于解决许多工程优化问题。     

Study of a new oral beta-adrenergic drug,clenbuterol, in patients with chronic bronchitis

Summary In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, incomplete cross-over study the bronchodilator, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic effects of 3 different oral doses of clenbuterol were studied in 12 patients suffering from partly reversible airways obstruction due to chronic bronchitis. The ventilatory response to oral clenbuterol or placebo was assessed by measurement of specific airway resistance (sRaw) to detect changes in central airways, and of flow at 85% of vital capacity ( _{85% VC}) to detect change in peripheral airways. Clenbuterol 20, 30 and 40 µg produced a significant decrease in sRaw between 15 and 480 min after administration. Its effect on the large airways was not related to the dose. Clenbuterol 30 and 40 µg caused a significant increase in _{85% VC} between 60 and 480 min after administration. After 20 µg a significant improvement in _{85% VC} was found between 120 and 240 min. The over-all effect of 30 µg on the small airways was significantly more pronounced than that of 20 µg and was more sustained than that of 40 µg 120 min after administration. No significant changes in heart rate, ECG or blood pressure were noted. Decreases in PaO₂ and O₂-saturation after clenbuterol were not related to dose. Slight falls in PaO₂ and O₂-saturation were also observed after placebo. These observations are briefly discussed. There was negligible lipid mobilization after either the placebo or bronchodilator. A slight but insignificant rise in blood glucose was observed after both 30 and 40 µg of clenbuterol.     

机械传动系统的模糊分析设计

用线性隶属函数、二元相对比较级等确定特征因素的隶属度,构造了不同机械传动类型的模糊子集,取其与待识别模糊子集向量空问的距离均数为贴近度。根据择近原则选择确定机械传动类型。     

虎杖中白藜芦醇苷提取分离工艺研究

目的：考察虎杖中白藜芦醇苷的最佳提取分离工艺。方法：采用正交设计实验优选提取分离条件，双波长薄层扫描测定含量。结果：醇提工艺的最优条件为：95％乙醇l5倍量，回流提取3次，2h／次；水提工艺的最优条件为：水10倍量，回流提取3次、2h／次，两工艺的关键步骤为乙醇浓度和回流时间、结论：该实验确定的最佳提取工艺稳定性好又简便易行。