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121.
Shamir O Cawich Gordon Narayansingh Michael J Ramdass Marlon Mencia Dexter A Thomas Shaheeba Barrow Vijay Naraynsingh 《World Journal of Meta-Analysis》2022,10(3):74-80
The coronavirus pandemic was thrust upon all nations in the year 2020 and required swift public health responses. Resource-poor health care facilities, such as those in the Caribbean, were poorly prepared but had to respond to the threat. In this experience report we examined the response by the surgical specialty to evaluate the lessons learned and to identify positive changes that may continue post-pandemic. 相似文献
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Oscar Arrieta Luis Lara-Mejía Elysse Bautista-GonzÁlez David Heredia Jenny G. Turcott Feliciano BarrÓn Maritza Ramos-Ramírez Luis Cabrera-Miranda Miguel Ángel Salinas Padilla Mercedes Aguerrebere Andrés F. Cardona Christian Rolfo Marisol Arroyo-HernÁndez Enrique Soto-Pérez-de-Celis Renata Baéz-Saldaña 《The oncologist》2021,26(12):1035-1043
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Kristina M. Jackson Jennifer E. Merrill Angela K. Stevens Kerri L. Hayes Helene R. White 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2021,45(4):752-764
Background
In spring 2020, U.S. universities closed campuses to limit the transmission of COVID-19, resulting in an abrupt change in residence, reductions in social interaction, and in many cases, movement away from a heavy drinking culture. The present mixed-methods study explores COVID-19-related changes in college student drinking. We characterize concomitant changes in social and location drinking contexts and describe reasons attributed to changes in drinking.Methods
We conducted two studies of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drinking behavior, drinking context, and reasons for both increases and decreases in consumption among college students. Study 1 (qualitative) included 18 heavy-drinking college students (Mage = 20.2; 56% female) who completed semi-structured interviews. Study 2 (quantitative) included 312 current and former college students who reported use of alcohol and cannabis (Mage = 21.3; 62% female) and who completed an online survey.Results
In both studies, COVID-19-related increases in drinking frequency were accompanied by decreases in quantity, heavy drinking, and drunkenness. Yet, in Study 2, although heavier drinkers reduced their drinking, among non-heavy drinkers several indices of consumption increased or remained stable . Both studies also provided evidence of reductions in social drinking with friends and roommates and at parties and increased drinking with family. Participants confirmed that their drinking decreased due to reduced social opportunities and/or settings, limited access to alcohol, and reasons related to health and self-discipline. Increases were attributed to greater opportunity (more time) and boredom and to a lesser extent, lower perceived risk of harm and to cope with distress.Conclusion
This study documents COVID-19-related changes in drinking among college student drinkers that were attributable to changes in context, particularly a shift away from heavy drinking with peers to lighter drinking with family. Given the continued threat of COVID-19, it is imperative for researchers, administrators, and parents to understand these trends as they may have lasting effects on college student drinking behaviors.127.
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Ehrlich HJ Müller M Kollaritsch H Pinl F Schmitt B Zeitlinger M Loew-Baselli A Kreil TR Kistner O Portsmouth D Fritsch S Maritsch F Aichinger G Pavlova BG Barrett PN 《Vaccine》2012,30(30):4543-4551
Background
Immune responses to novel pandemic influenza vaccines may be influenced by previous exposure to antigenically similar seasonal strains.Methods
An open-label, randomized, phase I/II study was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a non-adjuvanted, inactivated whole-virus H1N1 A/California/07/2009 vaccine. 408 subjects were stratified by age (18–59 and >60 years) and randomized 1:1 to receive two vaccinations with either 3.75 or 7.5 μg hemagglutinin antigen 21 days apart. Safety, immunogenicity and the influence of seasonal influenza vaccination and antibody cross-reactivity with a seasonal H1N1 strain was assessed.Results
A single vaccination with either dose induced substantial increases in H1N1 A/California/07/2009 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralizing (MN) antibody titers in both adult and elderly subjects. A single 7.5 μg dose induced seroprotection rates of 86.9% in adults and 75.2% in elderly subjects. Two 7.5 μg vaccinations induced seroprotection rates in adult and elderly subjects of 90.9% and 89.1%, respectively. The robust immune response to vaccination was confirmed by analyses of neutralizing antibody titers. Both HI and MN antibodies persisted for ≥6 months post-vaccination. Between 34% and 49% of subjects had seroprotective levels of H1N1 A/California/07/2009 antibodies at baseline. Higher baseline HI titers were associated with receipt of the 2008–09 or 2009–10 seasonal influenza vaccine. High baseline A/California/07/2009 neutralizing antibody titers were also associated with high baseline titers against A/New Caledonia/20/99, a seasonal H1N1 strain which circulated and was included in the seasonal vaccine from 2000–01 to 2006–07. Pre-adsorption with A/H1N1/New Caledonia/20/99 antigen reduced A/H1N1/California/07/2009 baseline titers in 55% of tested sera. The vaccine was well tolerated with low rates of fever.Conclusions
A whole-virus H1N1 A/California/07/2009 vaccine was safe and well tolerated and a single dose induced substantial immune responses similar to seasonal influenza vaccines, probably due to immunological priming by previous seasonal influenza vaccines or infections. 相似文献130.
Langley JM Scheifele DW Quach C Vanderkooi OG Ward B McNeil S Dobson S Kellner JD Kuhn S Kollman T MacKinnon-Cameron D Smith B Li Y Halperin SA 《Vaccine》2012,30(23):3389-3394