葛酮通络胶囊联合尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的探讨葛酮通络胶囊联合尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取2015年3月—2018年3月海南省人民医院收治的122例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各61例。对照组静脉滴注注射用尤瑞克林,0.15 PNA单位加入生理盐水100 m L中均匀混合后给药,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服葛酮通络胶囊,2粒/次,2次/d。两组均连续治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后NIHSS评分、血浆黏度(PV)、血沉(ESR)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)及平均血流速度(Vm)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为78.7%、91.8%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组NIHSS评分、PV、ESR、MPV、PDW值较治疗前均显著降低,两组Vd、Vs、Vm值较治疗前均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组NIHSS评分、PV、ESR、MPV、PDW显著低于对照组,治疗组Vd、Vs、Vm值显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清MDA、ET-1水平均显著降低,但血清SOD、NO水平均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组血清MDA、ET-1水平显著低于对照组,血清SOD、NO水平显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论葛酮通络胶囊联合尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死具有较好的临床疗效,能明显减轻患者神经功能缺损,改善血流变状态,调节血小板功能,提高局部脑血流量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

尿毒症患者血小板参数的变化探讨

目的探讨慢性肾功衰竭尿毒症 (CRF)患者血小板参数的变化。方法测定了 2 0例接受维持性血液透析 (HD)的CRF患者与 5 0例健康人群血小板数量 (PLT) ;平均血小板体积 (MPV) ;血小板比积 (PCT)和血小板体积分布宽度 (PDW)等对比试验。结果 2 0例CRF患者血小板数异常率为5 5 % ;PLT最低值是 37× 10 9/L ,MPV最低值为 6 6f1、PCT最低值为 0 0 32 ,检出率差异有极显著意义 (P<0 0 1)。结论为协助医师对病情程度的判断 ,纠正出血倾向 ,指导临床用药和透析过程中肝素剂量的调控等具有一定的实验价值。     

糖尿病患者血小板参数变化的临床观察和探析

目的探讨糖尿病（DM）微血管病变患者和无微血管病变患者血小板参数的变化及意义。方法用日本Sysmex-poch80i全自动血细胞分析仪检测52例糖尿病患者和29例正常对照血小板数量（platelet counts,PLT）、平均血小板体积（mean platelet volume,MPV）、血小板体积分布宽度（platelet distribution width,PDW）、血小板压积（plateletcrit,PCT）参数,并对结果进行对比分析。结果 DM组PLT低于正常对照组,MPV和PDW高于正常对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）;DM并发微血管病变组PLT降低、而MPV和PDW增高,与未并发微血管病变组比较差异显著（P〈0.01）。结论适时检测血小板参数对DM及其微血管并发症诊断、预后评估、制定干预计划有一定参考价值。     

Short-term administration of an aqueous extract of kalanchoe integra var. crenata (Andr.) Cuf leaves produces no major organ damage in Sprague-Dawley rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Kalanchoe intergra (Ki) leaf extract is an orally administered multipurpose plant medicine in Ghana and other parts of the world for the treatment of ulcers, pain and adenoma of the prostate gland. There is paucity of information concerning its short-term usage. The present study is aimed at conducting histopathological and biochemical studies in a 14-day sub-acute toxicity studies using female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Materials and methods

Crude extract of Ki leaves was prepared and freeze-dried. A 14-day sub-acute toxicity studies was conducted using 2 week old nulliparous and non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (120–150 g). Reconstituted Ki was administered at a dosage of 900 mg kg⁻¹ (high dose), 300 mg kg⁻¹ with a control group receiving an equivalent volume of distilled water (as vehicle) by gastric lavage. Histopathological studies of major organs and blood chemistry analysis were performed on blood obtained via cardiac puncture into EDTA tubes after euthanisation.

Results

There was a significant decrease in urea (p<0.016) and creatinine levels (p<0.001) in both the high and low dose groups. There was an increase in ALP levels (P=0.01) in both the high and low dose groups. ALT and AST rather decreased significantly in both the high and low dose groups (p<0.0001). Histopathological results did not show any abnormalities in all the H&E stained paraffin sections. Thus the photomicrographs of the liver, kidney and heart were within histopathological limits.

Conclusion

Ki leaf extract is non-toxic when administered by the oral route over a time period of 14 days at the above doses.     

血小板参数与脑梗死相关性的探讨

目的:探讨血小板(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)及大血小板比率(P-LCR)与脑梗死的相关性.方法:检测78例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和132例正常健康人(对照组)PLT、MPV、PDW和P-LCR 4项指标,并进行统计学分析.结果:脑梗死组MPV、PDW及P-LCR检测结果分别为(13.7±2.1)fl,(14.3±2.0)fl和(0.392±0.084),3项指标较正常对照组显著性增高(P＜0.01).结论:MPV是脑梗死发生的重要危险因子,临床应加强对其监测.     

Acute toxicity, 28-day repeated-dose toxicity and toxicokinetic study of timosaponin BII in rats

Timosaponin BII (TBII), a major steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., displays a variety of promising pharmacological activities, such as neuroprotection, enhancement of learning and memory, vascular protection and inhibition of platelet aggregation; therefore, it has been developed as a pharmaceutical for prevention or treatment of dementia. Given the safety concerns surrounding timosaponins and the absence of studies on the safety of TBII, the potential toxicity of TBII was evaluated in toxicity and toxicokinetic studies in rats. In the acute oral toxicity study, loose stools were observed in rats receiving 4000 mg/kg, and the symptoms recovered within 1 day. In the 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity and toxicokinetic study, rats receiving 540 mg/kg showed loose stools and a slight deceleration of body weight growth in both sexes, and the females also showed a slight decrease in food consumption. Moreover, urinalysis indicated reversible treatment-related toxicity in rats receiving 540 mg/kg. The toxicokinetic study demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in systematic exposure to TBII after 28 successive days of oral treatment with TBII. The accumulation coefficients of TBII were 4.35, 1.70 and 1.81, respectively, in rats that received 60, 180 and 540 mg/kg. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is proposed to be 180 mg/kg.     

Assessment of aquo-ethanolic extract of Camellia sinensis against Carbapenem Resistant Escherichia coli: In Vivo Trials in a Murine Model

The prevalence of Carbapenem Resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) has increased considerably during the last decade, which can be ascribed to relative scarcity of effective non toxic antimicrobial agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aquo-ethanolic (1:1) extract of leaves of Camellia sinensis (PTRC-31911-A) against Carbapenem Resistant Escherichia coli at preclinical level using peritonitis infection model in Sprague Dawley rats. Efficacy analysis of PTRC-31911-A involved enumeration of CRE colonies in blood and urine samples of test animals for a period of 5 days from infection. A reduction in microbial count of biological fluids was considered as the primary endpoint of the selected murine model. Physical, biochemical, hematological and histological indices of toxicity were employed as secondary relative indicators of the induced disease. Physical manifestations of infected rats included significantly high body temperature (Temp_Infected = 103.18 °F, ∼5% increase) and noteworthy reduction in weight (Weight_Infected = 126.83 g, ∼15% decrease) as compared to control. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in total white blood cells, eosinophil and monocyte counts as well as a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in erythrocytes count, hematocrit volume, red blood cell distribution width and hemoglobin concentration were observed in the infected group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, noteworthy increase in liver and kidney function test parameters were observed in case of infected groups. All the hematological and biochemical parameters were found to be within optimum range in case of treatment group, indicating restoration of homeostasis. Histopathological studies also presented symptoms of hemorrhage and glomerular damage with structural distortion in glomerular capillary loops of infected groups, which were later recovered in treated groups, indicating the nephro-protective potential of PTRC-31911-A. The study clearly points out that Camellia sinensis extract (PTRC-31911-A; single dose of 5 mg/Kg bwt; oral, + 24 h) is highly effective against Carbapenem Resistant Escherichia coli owing mainly to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds, identified by LCMS. Ongoing studies are expected to further unravel the mechanism of action and bioactivity determinants of this broad spectrum plant extract.     

尿毒症患者血透前后血小板参数及血红蛋白测定临床意义

目的观察血液透析对尿毒症患者血小板参数及血红蛋白的影响。方法用全自动血细胞分析仪检测健康人组和尿毒症组血透前后的PLT(血小板),MPV(血小板平均体积),PDW(血小板分布宽度)Hb(血红蛋白)。结果尿毒症组血透前与健康人组Hb、PLT、MPV、PDW差异非常显著,两者经t检验,P<0.01;尿毒症组血透前与血透后PLT、MPV、PDW、Hb差异显著,两者经t检验,P<0.01。讨论血液透析是一种有效的治疗手段,它可以影响尿毒症患者PLT、MPV、PDW、Hb,这对临床观察治疗有一定的意义。     

肝移植患者围术期血小板及其检测参数分析

 目的 探讨肝移植患者围术期血小板及其参数的变化规律和肝移植术后血小板减少的原因及监测血小板参数的临床意义.方法 分别检测我院实施肝移植患者200例术前1 d及术后1、2、4、6、8、10、12、15 d的PLT、MPV、PDW、P-LCR四项参数.以术后15 d内PLT尚未恢复正常的44例(未恢复组)与恢复正常的156例(恢复组)进行对比分析.结果 未恢复组术前PLT明显低于恢复组(P＜0.01),PDW、MPV、P-LCR两组无明显差异(P＞0.05).未恢复组和术前比较,术后第4天PLT为最低,而后略有回升,但直至第15天仍未恢复正常.恢复组和术前比较,术后第6天PLT最低,而后逐渐回升,直至15天基本恢复正常.从术前至术后15天,恢复组PLT均高于未恢复组(P＜0.05).PDW两组术后亦无明显差异(P＞0.05).术后未恢复组随着PLT的降低,MPV、P-LCR进一步降低,恢复组随着PLT的降低而MPV、P-LCR却升高,两组差异显著(P＜0.05).结论 P-LCR、MPV对判断肝移植术后血小板减少原因是重要的指标之一.血小板及其参数的监测对肝移植术后病情变化的判断有一定参考价值.