人卵母细胞的形态对受精及早期胚胎发育的影响

目的：探讨人卵母细胞形态对卵细胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)后的受精以及对随后早期胚胎发育的影响，试图寻找在受精前能预示卵母细胞受精和胚胎发育能力的形态标记。方法：ICSI前依据第一极体和卵周隙的形态以及细胞质有无内容物，对卵母细胞进行分组，比较各组间的受精率和卵裂率以及移植当天的优质胚胎率。结果：不同极体和卵周隙形态的卵母细胞ICSI后受精率有显著差异；无细胞质内容物的卵母细胞其受精后的优质胚胎率显著高于有内容物的卵母细胞。结论：卵母细胞的形态反映了其成熟度；并可以预示ICSI后的受精能力；有无细胞质内容物可能是卵母细胞细胞质成熟度的标记。     

A method for mouse oocyte enucleation assisted with zona pellucida dilating

<正>Objective: To study the reliability of a new enucleation method, zona pellucida Dilating (ZPD) assisted enucleation method, for mouse oocyte enucleation. Methods: In ZPD enucleation method, the zona pellucida was dilating with the help of outside pression in enucleation needle after breakthrough by needle tip and the nucleus was aspirated by the needle entering the perivitelline space for enucleation. This method was employed and was compared with three other methods in this experiment. The efficiency of enucleation of mouse oocyte was examed. Result:ZPD assisted enucleation method is better than three others at the survival rate after enucleation and the simplicity of micromanipulation. The rate of forming pronucleus of reconstructed embryo from enucleated oocyte by ZPD methods is as high as 62. 8% and the reconstructed embryo at 4-cell stage was obtained. Conclusion: ZPD assisted method is a highly efficient and simple enucleation method with the advantage of saving manipulating time and it does less damage to the oocyte.     

Effects of n-hexane and its metabolites on cloned voltage-operated neuronal potassium channels

In order to study the mechanisms of acute n-hexane␣intoxication, the effects of n-hexane and its metabolites 2-hexanol, methyl-n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol and 2,5-hexanedione on the cloned voltage-operated potassium channels Kv1.1, Kv1.4, Kv2.1 and Kv3.4 were investigated with electrophysiological techniques in the expression system of Xenopus oocytes. n-Hexane had no effect at any channel, whereas some of its metabolites led to reductions of the potassium currents. The greatest effects obtained were caused by 2-hexanol at the Kv2.1 channel, resulting in reductions of 13% at 0␣mV with a concentration of 500 mg/l and IC₅₀ of ca. 3500 mg/l. The reduction appeared to be caused by a shift of the current-voltage relation to the right. Methyl-n-butyl ketone showed smaller effects, whereas 2,5-hexanedione and 2,5-hexandiol were nearly ineffective. Concerning the different potassium channels, the sensitivity to the metabolites differed. The metabolites showed greatest sensitivity towards the Kv2.1 channel and lowest sensitivity towards the Kv3.4 channel. Since the n-hexane metabolite concentrations in the brain during acute n-hexane intoxication are unknown, the relevance of the data is still unclear. The size of the effects and the currently available data on tissue concentration, however, make it more likely that the action of n-hexane and its metabolites on voltage-operated potassium channels is not a major mechanism for acute neurotoxicity. Received: 25 June 1996 / Accepted: 21 August 1996     

体外受精失败MII期人卵母细胞的免疫荧光研究

目的探讨体外受精中MII期人卵母细胞受精失败的原因。方法收集体外受精后24～48h仍未受精的MII期卵母细胞,进行免疫荧光染色和碘化丙啶(PI)复染,在荧光显微镜下对其失败原因进行分类。结果卵母细胞内未见精子的在常规体外受精(IVF)周期有55.8%,显著多于卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)周期中的9.7%(P<0.01);卵母细胞活化失败两者分别为14.9%和58.1%,有显著性差异(P<0.01);原核形成和(或)迁移缺陷的在两者分别为25.3%和32.3%(P>0.05);其他异常两者分别为3.9%和0.0%。结论IVF中MII期卵母细胞的受精失败主要是缺乏精子的穿透,ICSI周期中的主要原因是卵母细胞活化不完全。     

Ultrasonically guided aspiration of human oocytes

Ultrasonically guided puncture of ovarian follicles was attempted in 125 menstrual cycles to collect oocytes for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The punctures were performed through a full urinary bladder under local anesthesia on out-patients. A sector scanner with a puncture transducer guided a stainless steel needle and the follicular fluids were aspirated either in a chamber connected by tubings to a controlled vacuum and the needle or in a syringe attached directly to the needle. Follicles were punctured in all but 2 cycles and oocytes were collected in 80% of the cycles. A total of 287 follicles with diameters ranging from 14 to 30 mm were punctured. The oocyte recovery rate per follicle was 64%. The only complication was transient hematuria in 7 patients.     

Light and ultrastructure of intra-ovarian oocyte release in infantile rats

Summary Follicular ruptures with intra-ovarian oocyte release (IOR) were studied in 17, 21 and 24-day-old rats by morphological methods. Using a light microscope, it was seen that IOR occurred at all times and the IOR frequency did not change. IOR developed in preantral follicles. Their oocytes were mostly found within the follicular compartment (incomplete IOR). Using an electron microscope, a circumscribed dissolution of the basal lamina was observed. IOR granulosa cells appeared activated. They rarely underwent typical necrosis after herniation into the extrafollicular area. Herniated granulosa cells tended either to stay intact or to shed cytoplasmic components into the extracellular space. whilst nuclei of active cell function were maintained. Tissue adjacent to an IOR seemed inactive with the exception of endothelial cells. Some endothelial cells underwent necrosis. Additionally, the endothelium was discontinous. The morphological data support the hypothesis that the mechanism of follicular rupture represents an inside to outside process.     

玻璃化冷冻不同来源卵母细胞的临床研究

目的 探讨玻璃化冷冻对卵巢刺激（ovarian stimulation,OS）和控制性超促排卵（controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH）来源的卵母细胞影响.方法 对OS和COH来源的卵母细胞进行玻璃化冷冻,解冻后观察存活率,继续发育潜能及移植后的妊娠率并与COH来源的新鲜卵母细胞进行比较.结果 OS和COH来源的卵母细胞玻璃化冻融后的存活率和继续发育潜能无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,与新鲜卵母细胞差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.COH冷冻组和OS冷冻组的妊娠率和种植率分别是25.0%（3/12）、20.8%（5/24）和33.3%（1/3）、12.5%（1/8）.结论 玻璃化冷冻技术可以应用于OS和COH来源的成熟卵母细胞的冷冻保存,对其继续发育潜能和妊娠结局无显著影响.     

体外受精中的受精失败

受精是雌雄配子结合形成合子的过程,它标志着一个新生命的开始,是自然界最神秘和复杂的事件之一.受精失败（Total fertilization failures, TFF）特指在体外受精（in vitro fertilization, IVF）培养过程的一定时段内[包括常规受精和卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）],精卵没能结合为合子,形态学上没有看到精原核和卵原核形成的状态.