十二届全运会大连赛区2013年食品安全风险识别与评估

目的识别和评估2013年十二届全运会大连赛区食品安全可能存在的风险,为实施风险管理提供科学依据。方法采用专家会商、风险矩阵分析法进行风险评估。结果十二届全运会大连赛区食品安全存在的主要风险有细菌性食物中毒和运动员的食源性兴奋剂风险。结论政府有关部门应采取针对性的管理措施,有效预防控制十二届全运会食品安全风险。     

Participation in leisure activities: Differences between children with and without physical disabilities

The aim of the current study was to compare varied dimensions of participation in leisure activities among school-aged children ages 10–16 with and without disabilities. The Children Leisure Activity Scale (CLASS) was administrated to 294 children, 81 with and 213 without physical disability. Two-way MANCOVA revealed significant differences between the frequency of participation in leisure activities of the study groups: an effect of disability F(4,265 = 239.57; p < 0.001, η² = 0.78); an effect of gender F(4,265 = 3.35; p < 0.01, η² = 0.05); and an interaction effect between gender and disability F(4,265 = 5.23; p < 0.001, η² = 0.64). Children with disabilities, and mostly girls, were found at risk to participate in a narrower variety of activities that involved fewer social interactions. Using linear regressions for each group two different models were identified. Using the CLASS the study contributes evidence-based data regarding children at risk for leisure participation. In addition, the research further established the discriminate validity of the CLASS.     

北京冬(残)奥会张家口赛区稀有血型血液储备和保障的回溯性分析

目的回溯性总结分析北京2022冬（残）奥会张家口赛区稀有血型血液的储备和保障工作,为中小型血站所在城市承办重大国际赛事提供参考。方法统计张家口市中心血站2020年12月9日-2022年3月21日稀有血型血液的采集、储备、调剂、供应以及备血情况。结果张家口市中心血站在冬（残）奥会开幕前已经分期分批采集制备冰冻红细胞,并与...     

浅谈新人文奥运理念的内涵

北京申办2008奥运会,提出了要办人文奥运、绿色奥运、科技奥运,把人文奥运作为申办奥运的基本理念。体育作为一种人类活动现象,也是人类的一种文化现象,它本身包涵着深厚的人文内涵。因此,揭示和阐述体育的人文内涵,是一项有现实意义的课题,它有助于加深对“人文奥运”的理解,有助于全面认识人类体育活动。     

Investigating the Efficacy of Web-Based Transfer Training on Independent Wheelchair Transfers Through Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives

To determine the efficacy of a web-based transfer training module at improving transfer technique across 3 groups: web-based training, in-person training (current standard of practice), and a waitlist control group (WLCG); and secondarily, to determine subject factors that can be used to predict improvements in transfer ability after training.

Disease distribution and medical resoureces during the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games

Background Appropriate planning and staffing for medical services at large-scale athletic events is essential to provide for a safe and successful competition. There are few well-documented accounts describing the demand for such services.The present study provided the data from the Beijing 2008 Olympics and Paralympics,with a view to provide the guidance for planning future events.Methods A total of 22 029 and 8046 patients,who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic or Paralympic medical station,were included. The patient proportion among different personnel,various disease proportions at different kinds of venues,and the disease spectrum at specified venues at the Olympics and Paralympics were analyzed.Results At both games,the patient proportion varied by accreditation status. The staff accounted for the largest number of visits at the Olympics (44.83%) and Paralympics (36.95%),with respiratory diseases the most common. Various disease spectrums were discovered at the different kinds of venues. Surgical diseases were the most frequently listed reason for visits,both at competition and non-competition venues,especially during the Paralympics. The sport-related injuries accounted for a majority of the surgical cases during both games. At training venues,ear nose and throat diseases accounted for the greatest number of visits during both games.Conclusions During both games,people contracted different diseases at different venues. Adequate surgeons should be designated to offer assistance mostly in trauma situations. Appropriate numbers of physicians in respiratory diseases and otorhinolaryngology is of great importance.     

佛山市城市青少年健康危险行为研究（三）——电子游戏网络成瘾和赌博等成瘾性行为

目的了解佛山市城市青少年电子游戏、网络成瘾和赌博等成瘾性行为现状，为制订干预措施提供科学依据。方法对佛山市中心城区12所全日制学校（含初高中、职业技术学校和大学）3844名在校学生，采用中国青少年健康相关行为问卷调查表进行调查。结果佛山市城市青少年长时间玩电子游戏、上网和赌博等成瘾性行为的发生率较高，随着年级的提升呈上升趋势。11．4％的学生每天玩电子游戏≥4h，11．5％的学生每天呆在网络上≥4h，4．3％的学生网络成瘾，21．0％的学生参加过类似赌博的娱乐性活动。不同学校类型学生各类精神成瘾行为发生率有差异，重点中学学生电子游戏成瘾性行为发生率低于其他中学，长时间玩电子游戏及呆在网络上以职业中学学生发生率最高。自感学习成绩较差的学生成瘾性行为发生率明显高于自感学习成绩好的学生。结论城市青少年中电子游戏、网络成瘾和赌博等成瘾性行为有年龄、性别和学校类型差异，应加强学校-家庭-社会三联屏障，针对性地进行干预。     

北京市石景山区奥运相关餐饮业食源性致病菌监测

目的监测北京市石景山区奥运相关餐饮业中即食食品中大肠菌群及常见的沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠致病性大肠埃希氏菌（EPEC）、EHEC0157H7、变形杆菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌计数等9种食源性致病菌污染现况和动态变化趋势。方法食源性致病菌检测采用国家标准方法《食品卫生微生物学检验》（GB／T4789--2003）及《变形杆菌食物中毒诊断标准及处理原则》（WS／T9—1996）进行。结果全年监测辖区内奥运相关餐饮单位共计194户次，共监测食品样品978件，其中监测大肠菌群的样品931件，大肠菌群超过450MPN／100g（现行食品卫生标准中大肠菌群最高限量）的样品14件，检出率为1．50％，且全年每月大肠菌群超标检出率均低于北京市同期检出率（5．8％～38．1％）。全区监测致病菌和条件致病菌的食品样品942件，共检出致病菌和条件致病菌5件，总检出率为0．53％，低于北京市同期监测检出率4．6％。结论全区奥运相关餐饮业中即食食品中常见食源性致病菌污染状况在北京市处于较低水平，要进一步加强食品卫生宣教及监督力度，预防食物中毒发生，保障奥运食品卫生安全。     

奥运会期间病媒生物控制保障面临的挑战及其防制策略

目的通过分析奥运会期间病媒生物控制保障所面临的风险与挑战,制定并实施有效保障策略和控制措施,确保奥运会期间不受病媒生物危害的影响。方法通过对近年来北京市病媒生物种类、密度消长特点以及危害程度的分析,提出奥运会期间媒介生物性传染病发生的危险性以及病媒生物可能造成的骚扰与不利影响;根据2005-2008年奥运会场馆及城区病媒生物密度、病原与抗药性监测结果,以及安全、环保、有效控制和管理措施的筛选,制定奥运会期间病媒生物控制保障策略。结果北京市存在媒介生物性传染病发生和病媒生物造成骚扰的危险;健全的管理机制、全面的密度监测、科学合理的用药、统一的灭虫除害、应急队伍的组建等措施成为奥运会期间病媒生物控制的主要策略。结论实施奥运会期间病媒生物监测与控制,开展防制技术应用研究,制定各类技术方案,为2008年北京奥运会期间病媒生物控制提供了有力的技术支撑,实现了北京奥运会无重大病媒生物危害事件发生的控制目标。