疾控人员职业倦怠潜在剖面分析及与工作特征的关系

目的 通过对疾控(CDC)人员职业倦怠进行潜在剖面分析识别不同的职业倦怠类别,探讨工作特征各维度与职业倦怠类别间的独立效应。 方法 采用中文版职业倦怠量表(MBI-GS)、工作特征量表和自编一般资料调查表对943名疾控人员进行调查。使用潜在剖面分析方法识别疾控人员职业倦怠潜在类别,多分类Logistic回归分析探讨工作特征各维度与不同职业倦怠类别间的独立效应。 结果 疾控人员职业倦怠存在3种类别:低倦怠型(Ⅰ,54.7%)、高倦怠型(Ⅱ,24.1%)和成就感低落型(Ⅲ,21.2%)。高工作反馈、高工作意义是个体进入高倦怠型组的独立保护因素(OR=0.561;OR=0.612),高工作负荷、高工作对个体控制及情绪表达的要求是个体进入高倦怠型组的独立风险因素(OR=1.693;OR=1.770);高工作自主性是个体进入成就感低落型组的独立风险因素(OR=1.810),高工作对个体控制及情绪表达的要求是个体进入成就感低落型组的独立保护因素(OR=0.582)。 结论 疾控人员可区分出3种潜在职业倦怠类别,工作特征不同维度与潜在职业倦怠类别间存在独立效应。     

Determination of nickel in lung specimens of thirty-nine autopsied nickel workers

Summary Lung specimens from 39 nickel refinery workers autopsied during the period from 1978 to 1984 were analyzed for nickel. Fifteen of the workers were employed in the Roasting and Smelting Department, where exposure to nickel was predominantly in the form of nickel-copper oxides, Ni₃S₂ and metallic dust. The remaining 24 men worked in the Electrolysis Department. Exposure in this group was considered to be mostly to the water-soluble compounds, NiSO₄ and NiCl₂, but also to a lesser degree to water-insoluble nickel compounds such as nickel-copper oxides and sulphides. The arithmetic mean ± SD for nickel concentration in lung tissues expressed in gg^–1 dry wt for the 39 workers was 150 ± 280. In the workers employed in the Roasting and Smelting Department, the average nickel concentration was 330 ± 380; for those who worked in the Electrolysis Department it was 34 ± 48. Lung tissue from 16 autopsied persons not connected with the refinery had an average nickel concentration of 0.76 ± 0.39. Statistical analysis based on log-normal distributions of the measured nickel concentrations allowed three major conclusions to be formulated: (1) nickel refinery workers exhibit elevated nickel levels in lung tissues at autopsy; (2) workers of the Electrolysis Department and the Roasting Smelting Department constitute distinct groups with respect to the accumulation of nickel in lung tissue; (3) workers who were diagnosed to have lung cancer had the same lung nickel concentrations at autopsy as those who died of other causes.     

Physical loading and performance as predictors of back pain in healthy adults A 5-year prospective study

We investigated muscle strength, aerobic power, and occupational and leisure-time physical loading as predictors of back pain in a 5-year follow-up study. A cohort of 456 adults aged 25, 35, 45 and 55 years, free of back pain, participated in measurements of anthropometric characteristics, aerobic power and muscle strength characteristics at baseline. The subjects' levels and types of physical activity and occupational physical loading were also determined. At 5 years after the baseline examinations 356 of these subjects (78.1 %) were reached by mail, and 262 of them (73.6%) properly completed and returned a questionnaire including a detailed back pain history for the 5 years following the baseline measurements. Of this number 56 subjects (21 %) who reported back pain ( > 30 on a scale from 0 to 100) and functional impairment during the 5-year follow-up composed the marked back pain group. Other subjects (n = 71, 27%) noting lesser symptoms were included in the mild back pain group; 135 subjects (52%) reported having had no back pain. The subjects with marked back pain were on average taller than the subjects without back pain, while no such difference was found in body mass. Heavy occupational musculoskeletal loading (P = 0.005) and high general occupational physical demands (P = 0.036) predicted future back pain. Leisuretime physical activity, aerobic power or muscle strength characteristics were not predictive of future back pain.     

Maslach倦怠量表-服务行业版在警察中的修订及应用分析

目的对Maslach倦怠量表-服务行业版(MBI-HSS)进行修订,并了解我国警察工作倦怠现状。方法采用MBI-HSS对4855名警察进行测试并对量表作出信、效度分析。结果修订后的量表保持原有的三维度结构,具有良好的结构效度(CFI=0.945,TLI=0.936,GFI=0.947,AGFI=0.930,NFI=0.942,IFI=0.945,RM-SEA=0.060),总量表和分量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度均大于0.70。综合三个维度的结果发现,男性警察的倦怠程度高于女性警察,警龄在6-15年的警察倦怠程度最严重,离异警察的倦怠程度高于已婚和未婚警察,学历低的警察倦怠程度较高。结论修订后的MBI-HSS可作为测量我国警察工作倦怠的有效工具。警察的工作倦怠在性别、警龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度方面存在差异。     

Magnetophosphenes: a quantitative analysis of thresholds

Low-frequency and transient magnetic fields of moderate flux densities are known to generate visual phenomena, so-called magnetophosphenes. In the present study, time-variable very low frequency (10–50 Hz) electromagnetic fields of moderate flux density (0–40 mT) were used to induce magnetophosphenes. The threshold values for these phosphenes were determined as a function of the frequency of the magnetic field both in normal subjects and colour defective ones. Maximum sensitivity occurred at a frequency of approximately 20–30 Hz, and with broad-spectrum light the threshold flux density was 10–12 mT. The threshola values were found to be dependent upon the intensity and the spectral distribution of the background light. Sensitivity decreased during dark adaptation. In certain respects deutans differed from subjects with normal colour vision. Possible mechanisms for generation of magnetophosphenes are discussed. The present magnetic threshold curves show a close resemblance to corresponding curves obtained by electric stimulation at various frequencies provided the electric thresholds are divided by the a.c. frequency. These problems are under current investigation in our laboratory. This is in full agreement with the assumption that the fluctuating magnetic field affects retinal neurons by inducing currents which polarise synaptic terminals.     

职业过劳测验的编制

目的:编制职业过劳测验.方法:将职业过劳测验、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、明尼苏达工作满意度问卷-短式修订版、一般自我效能感量表对162名销售人员进行测量.结果:职业过劳测验包含精疲力竭和焦虑两个因素,它们与人格、工作满意度、自我效能感和销售业绩排名之间存在复杂的关系.结论:职业过劳测验信度、效度较好,适用于实际测量.     

Analysis of the renal tissue of a woman chronically exposed to cadmium

Summary In a 61-year-old woman, who had been exposed for 20 years to cadmium in the production of Ni-Cd batteries, nephrectomy of the contracted kidney was performed. The removed kidney was examined histologically and the cadmium concentration was determined in the cortex (44.97 g g^–1) and in the medulla (7.71 g g^–1). The homogenates of the renal cortex and medulla were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. In the cortex, as well as the medulla, cadmium was predominantly found in the low-molecular (metallothionein) fraction, but in the cortex, Cd content in this fraction was six times higher than in the medulla. The determination of SH groups and proteins in high- and low-molecular fractions indicates an induction of the metallothionein formation primarily in the renal cortex.     

实施员工关爱计划保障医务人员职业安全与健康

医务人员的身心健康和执业满意度直接影响医疗服务质量。复旦大学附属华山医院从员工需求切入,建立并实施员工关爱计划:横向包括身心健康、社会支持、个人成长与职业生涯发展等;纵向贯彻危机前、危机中、危机后三级援助体系。实践后,员工满意度、社会支持水平、幸福感有所提升,职业倦怠阳性率有所下降。员工关爱计划在管理理念、方案完善、人才培养等方面还有待进一步改进。     

Sense of coherence and burnout in nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

Care staff in nursing homes work in a challenging environment, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated those challenges in an unprecedented way. On the other hand, the sense of coherence (SOC) is a competence that could help these professionals perceive the situation as understandable, manageable and meaningful. This study aims to analyse the extent to which potential risk and protective factors against burnout have affected nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the contribution of these factors to their burnout. Three hundred forty professionals who worked in nursing homes in Spain completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their organisational characteristics of the job related to COVID-19, SOC and burnout. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. The results showed that the SOC is highly related to the dimensions of burnout and is a protective factor against this. In addition, the increase in hours has a negative effect, facilitating inadequate responses to stressful situations; and whereas perceived social support and availability of resources have a protective effect, the deterioration in mental and physical health is the most important risk factor. This study could help better understand the psychological consequences of the effort that nursing home workers and can also help design mental health prevention and care interventions for workers that provide them with resources and supports that foster their coping skills.     

某钢丝绳生产企业职业危害现状调查及控制对策

目的了解某钢丝绳生产企业职业病危害现状,为控制该企业职业病危害因素提供依据。方法通过对某钢丝绳生产企业进行职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测,收集有关数据和资料,结合职业病危害防护设施、个人职业病危害防护、应急救援措施、职业健康检查结果等进行分析评价。结果粉尘、毒物、高温检测结果均符合国家职业卫生标准,合绳捻股车间捻股机、合绳机岗位噪声强度检测结果超标率100%,拉丝车间噪声检测合格率16.7%。职业卫生管理措施不够完善。结论该公司属于职业病危害较重企业,劳动者有发生职业性慢性铅中毒、职业性化学性灼伤、职业性噪声聋的风险,需采取有效措施进行整改。