Professional Burnout:

This paper attempts to answer the question of why social caseworkers have ongoing supervision by exploring the historical evolution of social work supervision. Supervision has withstood the many changes in the field since its beginning in the late 1800s and has been reinterpreted to fit the prevailing theories guiding practice, thus avoiding obsolescence. Supervision began as an educational device, then evolved into a practice tool, later became a therapeutic method, and then became a separate entity from therapy.     

Outbreak of silicosis in Spanish quartz conglomerate workers

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of an outbreak of occupational silicosis and the associated working conditions.

Methods: Cases were defined as men working in the stone cutting, shaping, and finishing industry in the province of Cádiz, diagnosed with silicosis between July 2009 and May 2012, and were identified and diagnosed by the department of pulmonology of the University Hospital of Puerto Real (Cádiz). A census of workplaces using quartz conglomerates was carried out to determine total numbers of potentially exposed workers. A patient telephone survey on occupational exposures and a review of medical records for all participants were conducted.

Results: Silicosis was diagnosed in 46 men with a median age of 33 years and a median of 11 years working in the manufacturing of countertops. Of these cases, 91·3% were diagnosed with simple chronic silicosis, with an abnormal high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scan. One patient died during the study period. Employer non-compliance in prevention and control measures was frequently reported, as were environmental and individual protection failures.

Conclusions: The use of new construction materials such as quartz conglomerates has increased silicosis incidence due to intensive occupational exposures, in the context of high demand fuelled by the housing boom. This widespread exposure poses a risk if appropriate preventive measures are not undertaken.     

河南省男护士工作满意度与职业倦怠的现状调查

目的了解河南省男护士工作满意度和职业倦怠的现状及相关性,以期为稳定男护士队伍提供参考。方法方便抽样法选择河南省17所三级甲等医院的152名男护士为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、护士工作满意度评定量表、马氏工作倦怠量表对其进行调查。结果 152名男护士的工作满意度总分为(2.97±0.45)分,其中,与同事关系、工作被认可、管理、家庭/工作的平衡4个因子得分低于中等水平(3分),工作负荷、个人成长及发展、工作本身、工资及福利4个因子得分高于中等水平(3分);职业倦怠情感衰竭、去人格化和个人成就感3个维度的得分与常模比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);工作满意度总分及各维度得分与情感衰竭和去人格化均呈负相关(均P0.01),工作满意度总分、管理、工作负荷、与同事关系、工作本身、工作被认可、家庭/工作的平衡与个人成就感均呈正相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论管理者及男护士自身均应积极采取针对性措施,以提高工作满意度,改善职业倦怠状况。     

护士职业延迟满足的特征研究

目的了解护士职业延迟满足的现状,探讨护士职业延迟满足能力的影响因素,为护理管理提供科学有效的管理依据。方法用国内通用职业延迟满足量表对225名综合医院在职护士进行调查,采用SPSS并进行差异性的相关分析。结果护士的年龄和护龄的职业延迟满足过程存在显著性差异(F=3.08,3.93;P<0.05),且随着年龄和护龄的增加而递减;受教育程度高低的职业延迟特质有显著性差异(F=2.93,P<0.05),且受教育程度越高,职业延迟特质就越高;婚否的延迟满足总分也存在显著性差异(t=-2.6,P<0.05),而独身子女和户口性质对职业延迟总分没有统计学影响(t=-0.54,-0.08;P>0.05)。结论①随着年龄的增大、工作年限的延长,护士的延迟满足能力会降低;②低学历护士的延迟满足能力比高学历的低,应给予更多的关注;③未婚护士的职业延迟满足能力优于已婚护士。     

临床检验人员社会支持与职业自我概念的状况研究

目的：调查临床检验人员的职业自我概念与社会支持状况，以探讨两者之间的相关性。方法采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）和职业自我概念量表（PSCS）对82名临床检验人员进行问卷调查。结果临床检验人员SSRS总分评分为（35.56±4.37）分，为一般水平，PSCS总分评分为（34.29±5.48）分，处于低水平。相关分析显示，职业自我概念与社会支持具有高度相关性（P＜0.01）。结论临床检验人员社会支持和职业自我概念状况不佳，社会支持是影响职业自我概念的因素。     

Use of information communication technology and stress,burnout, and mental health in older,middle-aged,and younger workers – results from a systematic review

The aim of this systematic review is to summarise quantitative studies in occupational settings observing the association between Information communication technology (ICT) and stress, and burnout, considering age as an effect modifier. A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted through the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Psycinfo, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were occupational settings and content relevant to our research question. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Two interventional, 4 cohorts, and 29 cross-sectional studies were found. ICT use in occupational settings was associated with stress seen in cross-sectional studies, but not in interventional studies. There was a concordant association with ICT and burnout in different study designs. Overall, there were no linear trends between age and technostress. We suggest that the observed associations were mostly present in the middle-aged working population and that these associations need to be supported in further studies.     

Occupational Factors and Problem Drinking among a Japanese Working Population

Problem drinking is a serious public health problem in the workplace. However, few Japanese epidemiological studies have investigated the occupational characteristics of problem drinking. The purpose of this study is to clarify the occupational risk factors for problem drinking among a Japanese working population. We used data from a random-sampling survey about mental health and suicide, conducted among Hamamatsu City residents aged 15 to 79 yr old during May and June in 2008. The relation between occupational factors and problem drinking was analyzed with multiple logistic regression models stratified by gender. CAGE questionnaire was used to assess problem drinking. With regard to employment types, problem drinkers were more prevalent among self-employed women. With regard to occupational types, clerical and service professions had more problem drinkers of either sex, while administrative/managerial and sales professions had more women with such problem. With regard to company size, male problem drinkers were more prevalent in smaller companies than in larger ones. These results indicate that the prevalence of problem drinkers in the workplace depends on where one works. It is necessary to consider these characteristics to provide effective measures to address problem drinking in the workplace.     

新疆生产建设兵团基层卫生机构医生工作倦怠的现状及分析

目的了解新疆生产建设兵团基层医生工作倦怠现况,为稳定西部基层卫生队伍提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,用马斯勒倦怠问卷对372名医生进行调查。结果有89.2%的医生出现了中度以上的倦怠感;高工作要求、内部及外部工作资源的缺失导致＂情绪衰竭＂、＂消极工作＂和低＂个人成就感＂的倦怠症状。结论需要从长远规划上,通过定向培养、进修培训、对口支援等措施,降低基层卫生人员的倦怠水平。