阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征MSCT研究

目的:评价上气道多层螺旋CT多呼吸时相扫描及后处理技术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的诊断价值.方法:对68例OSAHS患者和65例健康志愿者分别在平静呼吸、深吸气末、深呼气末及闭口堵鼻深吸气(Müller呼吸)这4个呼吸时相于清醒状态下行上气道MSCT扫描,测量不同呼吸时相鼻咽区、腭咽区、舌咽区和会厌...     

两种喉罩定位方法在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用

目的 观察听诊和纤维支气管镜评分两种喉罩定位方法在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用.方法 将60例使用喉罩通气全麻的成年患者随机分为2组,分别通过听诊法(L组)和纤维支气管镜评分法(F组)评估喉罩位置,记录置人情况和纤维支气管镜评分,潮气量(Vt)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、气道峰压(Peak)和最大漏气压.结果 听诊法和纤维支气管镜评分法判断喉罩对位后,两组患者最大漏气压、Vt、PErCO2、Peak差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).L组喉罩一次到位成功25例,明显高于F组(15例,P＜0.05).两组患者喉罩对位后纤支镜评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),L组有15例患者纤支镜评分为2分,F组所有患者评分均在3分以上.结论 采用听诊法和纤维支气管镜评分定位法判断喉罩对位都可以满足临床通气需要.听诊法简单可靠,即使纤支镜评分2分,也可达到良好的通气和密闭效果,满足手术需要.     

Advanced Airway Type and Its Association with Chest Compression Interruptions During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Attempts

Objective: To assess interruptions in chest compressions associated with advanced airway placement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. Methods: The method used was observational analysis of prospectively collected clinical and defibrillator data from 339 adult OHCA victims, excluding victims with <5 minutes of CPR. Interruptions in CPR, summarized by chest compression fraction (CCF), longest pause, and the number of pauses greater than 10 seconds, were compared between patients receiving bag valve mask (BVM), supraglottic airway (SGA), endotracheal intubation (ETI) via direct laryngoscopy (DL), and ETI via video laryngoscopy (VL). Secondary outcomes included first pass success and the effect of multiple airway attempts on CPR interruptions. Results: During the study period, paramedics managed 23 cases with BVM, 43 cases with SGA, 148 with DL, and 125 with VL. There were no statistically significant differences between the airway groups with regard to longest compression pause (BVM 18 sec [IQR 11–33], SGA 29 sec [IQR 15–65], DL 26 sec [IQR 12–59], VL 22 sec [IQR 14–41]), median number of pauses greater than 10 seconds (BVM 2 [IQR 1–3], SGA 2 [IQR 1–3], DL 2 [IQR 1–4], VL 2 [IQR 1–3]), or CCF (0.92 for all groups). However, each additional attempt following failed initial DL was associated with an increase in the risk of additional chest compression pauses (relative risk 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.64). Such an association was not observed with additional attempts using VL or SGA. First pass success was highest with SGA (77%), followed by between DL (68%) and VL (67%); these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: While summary measures of chest compression delivery did not differ significantly between airway classes in this observational study, repeated attempts following failed initial DL during cardiopulmonary resuscitation were associated with an increase in the number of pauses in chest compression delivery observed     

右美托咪定、七氟烷联合全麻下喉罩通气行宫腔镜手术的疗效观察

目的 分析右美托咪定结合七氟烷喉罩全麻对宫腔镜手术患者血流动力学指标和麻醉情况的影响.方法 选取2014年3月至2015年3月80例在济南军区总医院行宫腔镜手术患者80例,分为观察组和实验组,两组各40例,观察组经生理盐水静脉泵注并结合七氟烷全麻,实验组经右美托咪定结合七氟烷喉罩全麻,并对比分析两组血流动力学指标和麻醉起效时间等情况.结果 观察组与实验组泵注后3 min、喉罩置入后3 min时平均动脉压、心率均较麻醉前显著降低(t值分别为-3.85、-4.24、-4.36、-4.15,均P<0.05),且实验组的平均动脉压及心率均较观察组降低更为明显(t值分别为-2.21、-3.98、-6.87、-5.63,均P<0.05).实验组麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间均较观察组显著缩短(t值分别为-3.78、-4.14,均P<0.05),且其Ramesay镇静程度、OAA/S清醒程度评分均较观察组高(t值分别为4.25、6.96,均P<0.05);实验组恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制等并发症发生率较观察组低(χ2值分别为13.04、16.98、12.75,均P<0.05).结论 右美托咪定结合七氟烷喉罩全麻能够改善宫腔镜手术患者的血流动力学指标,且能够缩短麻醉诱导时间及苏醒时间,有效减少术后并发症,安全性、可靠性较高,临床上值得推广和应用.     

Project for Universal Management of Airways – part 1: concept and methods

Multiple professional groups and societies worldwide have produced airway management guidelines. These are typically targeted at the process of tracheal intubation by a particular provider group in a restricted category of patients and reflect practice preferences in a particular geographical region. The existence of multiple distinct guidelines for some (but not other) closely related circumstances, increases complexity and may obscure the underlying principles that are common to all of them. This has the potential to increase cognitive load; promote the grouping of ideas in silos; impair teamwork; and ultimately compromise patient care. Development of a single set of airway management guidelines that can be applied across and beyond these domains may improve implementation; promote standardisation; and facilitate collaboration between airway practitioners from diverse backgrounds. A global multidisciplinary group of both airway operators and assistants was assembled. Over a 3-year period, a review of the existing airway guidelines and multiple reviews of the primary literature were combined with a structured process for determining expert consensus. Any discrepancies between these were analysed and reconciled. Where evidence in the literature was lacking, recommendations were made by expert consensus. Using the above process, a set of evidence-based airway management guidelines was developed in consultation with airway practitioners from a broad spectrum of disciplines and geographical locations. While consistent with the recommendations of the existing English language guidelines, these universal guidelines also incorporate the most recent concepts in airway management as well as statements on areas not widely addressed by the existing guidelines. The recommendations will be published in four parts that respectively address: airway evaluation; airway strategy; airway rescue and communication of airway outcomes. Together, these universal guidelines will provide a single, comprehensive approach to airway management that can be consistently applied by airway practitioners globally, independent of their clinical background or the circumstances in which airway management occurs.     

Anaesthesia for maxillofacial surgery

Maxillofacial surgeons are responsible for the operative management of pathologies such as head and neck cancer, facial trauma, infections, craniofacial deformities and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Airway management for these patients can be particularly challenging for the anaesthetist. This article will focus on key aspects of airway assessment and the development of a comprehensive management strategy; including recognizing impending airway compromise, advanced airway management skills, appropriate rescue techniques and planning for tracheal extubation. We will describe the key aspects of clinical management for common maxillofacial surgical presentations, with reference to the most recent evidence base and clinical guidelines.     

Poor prognostic factors in post-traumatic endophthalmitis following open globe injury

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for ophthalmologists caring for asymptomatic patients remains controversial. This commentary reviews the latest emerging evidence. This is paramountly important in shaping health policies in countries which is not currently recommended.     

高流量吸氧与面罩吸氧在胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后氧疗效果对比

目的观察高流量湿化吸氧与常规面罩吸氧在食管癌患者行胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后治疗的临床效果。方法将36例择期行胸腔镜辅助下食管癌根治术后患者随机分为常规面罩吸氧对照组(A组)和高流量湿化吸氧治疗组(B组),对两组患者治疗2 h、6 h和24 h后的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析等指标进行比较,了解两种吸氧方式在食管癌患者行胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后治疗上的优劣。结果两组患者治疗2 h、6 h和24 h的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析发现,A组动脉氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压较B组降低,动脉血二氧化碳分压、呼吸频率较B组增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论与常规面罩吸氧比较,高流量湿化面罩吸氧可以使胸腔镜辅助食管癌根治术后患者有更满意的氧合效果,值得在临床上推广。