胃癌病人术后早期营养支持对营养等状况恢复的比较

目的:探讨胃底贲门癌病人术后早期应用全肠外营养(TPN)和肠内营养(EN)对营养等状况恢复的比较分析.方法:将73例胃底贲门癌病人随机分为EN组(37例)和PN组(36例).于术后48 h内开始给予等氮、等热量营养支持,观察两组病人手术前、后的营养和免疫指标、术后肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气时间和并发症发生的情况.结果:两组病人术后营养支持的营养及免疫指标明显改善(P＜0.05),EN组前清蛋白和免疫指标较PN组明显提高(P＜0.05);EN组较PN组术后胃肠道功能恢复的更早,同时并发症的发生率亦明显减低.结论:胃底贲门癌病人术后早期肠内营养支持,既能促进胃肠道功能尽早恢复,又可改善病人术后营养状况和免疫功能.     

The Second Victim Phenomenon: How Are Midwives Affected?

Perinatal care providers are likely to encounter adverse events such as intrapartum emergencies, traumatic births, or maternal or fetal deaths. As a result of being directly or indirectly involved in an adverse event, health care providers can be considered second victims. The experience of the second victim phenomenon can lead to significant physical, psychological, and psychosocial sequelae that can negatively impact the provider's personal and professional life for either a short or long duration of time. When health care providers experience an adverse event, they may manifest symptoms of guilt, shame, blame, flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, isolation, helplessness, and hopelessness, thereby becoming the second victim. Following an adverse event, health care providers who experience second victim phenomenon experience stages of recovery that influence subsequent professional and personal well‐being. Persons who experience the second victim phenomenon can incorporate self‐care behaviors to assist with recovery. Health care organizations have a responsibility to implement efficacious support programs that promote the provider's recovery and a return to safe and full function in the workplace.     

人工智能临床决策支持系统在脑血管病中的应用

随着科学技术的发展,人工智能（artificial intelligence,AI）应用于脑血管医疗领域将有助于 减轻中国不断加剧的脑血管病疾病负担。临床决策支持系统（clinical decision support system,CDSS）是AI 在医疗领域的一项重要实践应用。利用AI和医疗大数据开发临床决策支持工具,并通过将临床信息与 知识库相匹配,提供基于循证证据的优化诊疗方案。在脑血管病的临床诊疗过程中,CDSS可以辅助高 危人群识别、急性期再灌注治疗决策支持、实现自动化病因分型以及二级预防策略的制定等,在提高 脑血管病的医疗质量、改善患者结局方面发挥重要作用,可能成为未来脑血管病疾病管理的一项重要 辅助工具。     

Impact of mechanical circulatory support on survival in pediatric heart transplantation

Evidence on the impact of MCS on pediatric heart transplant survival is still scarce related to congenital heart disease patients including univentricular physiology as well as the risk factors for complications. We performed a retrospective review of all urgent pediatric (aged ≤16 years) HT from 2004 to 2014 in the Spanish Pediatric Heart Transplant Registry Group. Patients were stratified into two groups: urgent 0 (MCS at HT) and urgent 1 (non‐MCS at HT). The primary outcome measure was post‐transplant survival; secondary outcome measures were complications and absence of infections and rejection during the first post‐transplant year. One hundred twenty‐one pediatric patients underwent urgent HT, 58 (47.9%) urgent 0 and 63 (52%) urgent 1. There were 30 (24.8%) deaths: 12 in the urgent 0 group and 18 in the urgent 1 group, P = n.s. Regarding the type of MCS, patients on ECMO had the highest rate of complications (80%) and mortality (40%). Patients in the urgent 1 group showed a higher risk of hospital re‐admission for infection during the first year after transplantation (OR 2.31 [1.1‐4.82]), P = .025. We did not identify a risk factor for mortality. MCS does not impact negatively on survival after HT. However, there is a significant increase in 30‐day and 1‐year mortality and complications in ECMO patients compared with VAD patients. Infants, congenital heart disease, and PediMACS were not found to be risk factors for mortality.     

The ABA intervention for improving breastfeeding initiation and continuation: Feasibility study results

The UK has low breastfeeding rates, with socioeconomic disparities. The Assets‐based feeding help Before and After birth (ABA) intervention was designed to be inclusive and improve infant feeding behaviours. ABA is underpinned by the behaviour change wheel and offers an assets‐based approach focusing on positive capabilities of individuals and communities, including use of a Genogram. This study aimed to investigate feasibility of intervention delivery within a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Nulliparous women ≥16 years, (n = 103) from two English sites were recruited and randomised to either intervention or usual care. The intervention – delivered through face‐to‐face, telephone and text message by trained Infant Feeding Helpers (IFHs) – ran from 30‐weeks' gestation until 5‐months postnatal. Outcomes included recruitment rates and follow‐up at 3‐days, 8‐weeks and 6‐months postnatal, with collection of future full trial outcomes via questionnaires. A mixed‐methods process evaluation included qualitative interviews with 30 women, 13 IFHs and 17 maternity providers; IFH contact logs; and fidelity checking of antenatal contact recordings. This study successfully recruited women, including teenagers, from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas; postnatal follow‐up rates were 68.0%, 85.4% and 80.6% at 3‐days, 8‐weeks and 6‐months respectively. Breastfeeding at 8‐weeks was obtained for 95.1% using routine data for non‐responders. It was possible to recruit and train peer supporters to deliver the intervention with adequate fidelity. The ABA intervention was acceptable to women, IFHs and maternity services. There was minimal contamination and no evidence of intervention‐related harm. In conclusion, the intervention is feasible to deliver within an RCT, and a definitive trial required.