Effect of family role on response to disaster

This study hypothesized that family role (marital and parental status) would moderate the effect of disaster exposure on the mental health of victims. The study included St. Louis residents exposed to floods and dioxin, as well as Puerto Rican respondents exposed to floods and mudslides. In St. Louis, worst outcomes were found for single and married parents exposed to disaster, substantially exceeding the symptomatology of all unexposed respondents except non-victim single parents. In Puerto Rico, victims without families had higher levels of alcohol abuse symptoms than did any other subgroup. Perceived emotional support was found to be an important moderator of disaster's effect on psychiatric distress in this site, generally overriding the effect of family role. Single parents in both sites who were exposed to disaster had substantially reduced levels of emotional support available to them, as compared to unexposed single parents, suggesting that single parents are at particularly high risk for losing access to emotional support following a disaster. This study suggests that both single and married parents constitute important high-risk victim groups. The findings also suggest that those perceiving they lack adequate emotional support, regardless of family role, may be in special need of services.     

Post-traumatic stress disorder among the injured of theintifada

The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD among Palestinians who sustained serious bodily injuries during theintifada, as well as to delineate factors having an effect on the development and attenuation of PTSD symptomatology. Results indicated evidence of high prevalence of PTSD among the injured. No significant differences in PTSD prevalence for demographic, situational, and trauma-related variables were found except for the age factor. Prevalence of PTSD among adolescents was significantly higher than among adults. It seemed that the injury itself was so intensely overwhelming that the other variables were overshadowed. Implications for further research and stress management techniques were discussed.     

低频脉冲电刺激联合摄食-吞咽训练在AIS后吞咽障碍的应用及疗效

探讨低频脉冲电刺激联合摄食-吞咽训练在急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）后吞咽障碍的应用及对呼吸能力、吞咽功能、营养指标的影响。方法 选取本院2019年6月—2021年8月107例AIS后吞咽功能障碍患者,随机分为观察组（n=54）和对照组（n=53）,对照组给予摄食-吞咽训练,观察组在对照组的基础上使用低频脉冲电刺激治疗,两组均持续治疗1个月,比较两组治疗前后吞咽功能、舌骨喉复合体动度、喉镜吞咽功能(FEES)评估结果、呼吸功能、营养指标以及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组治疗后洼田饮水试验评定、标准吞咽功能评价量表（SSA）评分、吞咽功能初筛量表（EAT-10）评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后舌骨喉复合体动度包括舌骨向前、上移以及喉向前、喉上移最大幅度均大于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后FEES评价中声带麻痹、食物渗漏、食物潴留、误吸比例低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后肺功能指标最长呼气时间、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）以及最大吸气压（PImax）均大于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后营养指标BMI指数、血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、转铁蛋白（TRF）、前白蛋白（PALB）水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组吸入性肺炎发生率低于对照组,营养不良发生率为低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。结论 低频脉冲电刺激联合摄食-吞咽训练治疗AIS后吞咽障碍,可有效促进吞咽功能恢复,改善舌骨喉复合体动度,增强呼吸功能,提高营养状态,降低并发症发生风险     

I Get by with a Little Help from my Family and Friends: Adolescents' Support for Diabetes Care

Evaluated and compared the support provided by family membersand friends for adolescents' diabetes care. Family and friendsupport also were examined in relation to other measures ofsocial support, to demographic variables (age, gender, durationof diabetes) and to adherence. Using a structured interview,74 adolescents with diabetes described the ways that familymembers and friends provided support for diabetes management(insulin shots, blood glucose monitoring, eating proper meals,exercise), and for helping them to "feel good about their diabetes."Families provided more support than friends for three managementtasks (insulin injections, blood glucose monitoring, meals);this support was largely instrumental. In contrast, friendsprovided more emotional support for diabetes than families.Greater family support was related to younger age, shorter diseaseduration, and better treatment adherence. Implications of thefindings include encouraging parents to remain involved in adolescents'treatment management, and involving peers as supportive companionsfor meals and exercise.     

Comparison of dietary intakes in four selected European populations

Summary The composition of diet and food intakes in four selected European populations were compared. Dietary data (from the World Health Organization Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) were measured by record methods and were available for middle-aged men in Finland (n = 653), France (n =1128), Northern Ireland (n = 356), and southern Germany (Augsburg region; n = 899). Nutritional variables — which are independent of the absolute energy intake, such as the percentage supply of energy from macronutrients and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids — were on the whole similar. However, striking differences were found in food intake and in the percentage supply of fat from different foods. The results indicate that detailed knowledge of consumption figures is necessary to develop prudent and acceptable nutrition intervention programs.Abbreviations CHD coronary heart disease - MONICA monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease - MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids - P/S ratio ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids - PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids - SFA saturated fatty acids     

急性白血病的基因表达谱分析与亚型分类特征的鉴别

本研究基于生物信息学理论，运用模式识别方法和计算技术，对急性白血病的基因表达谱数据进行分析，研究急性白血病的亚型识别与分类信息基因选取问题。首先去除无关基因，然后利用浮动顺序搜索算法搜索特征空间生成候选特征子集，最后以支持向量机作为分类器进行急性白血病的亚型识别，并以误识率为依据鉴别出了5个包含完整分类信息的基因。实验结果表明，本研究鉴别出的5个信息基因能以100％的正确率准确识别急性白血病亚型。     

肝细胞培养过程中酸碱度和溶解氧的关联控制

目的在生物型人工肝支持系统(BAL)中,设计一种能够精确控制溶解氧(D0)与酸碱度(pH)的控制方案.方法根据肝细胞培养过程中所需要的物料衡算,采用比例积分(PI)算法结合开关量控制、预测控制等方案,通过工控机构建关联控制系统,使得D0与pH的值相互关联.结果DO控制范围0%～200%,精度达到±5%;pH控制范围6～8,精度达到±0.05.结论经实验证实,本控制方案工作稳定,无静态误差,解决了培养过程中DO与pH相互影响的问题,可用于BAL中对肝细胞培养环境的控制.     

Relationship quality moderates the effect of social support given by close friends on cardiovascular reactivity in women

We examined the role of the type of support provided, gender of support provider, and relationship quality in predicting how social support might influence cardiovascular reactivity during acute stress in women. A group of 88 women received either emotional, instrumental, or no support from a close female or male friend while performing a series of speech tasks. Results suggest that the effectiveness of social support for women depended primarily on the quality of the friendship (i.e., purely positive, or ambivalent). More specifically, women who interacted with a female, ambivalent friend had the largest changes in diastolic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and pre-ejection period compared to the other conditions. Furthermore, receiving emotional support from a purely positive friend was related to lower increases in cardiac output (CO) compared to a no-support condition. In contrast, receiving emotional support from an ambivalent friend was related to larger increases in CO and only small changes in TPR when compared to individuals in the no-support condition. These data are discussed in light of the psychosocial processes underlying social support effects in women, and the importance of a more comprehensive view of how close relationships influence cardiovascular function. This research was generously supported by Grant1 R01 MH58690-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health awarded to Bert N. Uchino.     

小学教师主观幸福感与社会支持、应对方式的关系

目的探讨小学教师主观幸福感与社会支持、应对方式的关系。方法采用主观幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和简易应对方式问卷对152名小学教师进行问卷调查。结果社会支持各维度、积极应对方式与主观幸福感各维度之间的相关均有显著意义。结论社会支持、积极应对方式是影响小学教师主观幸福感的重要因素。