Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.     

三级综合医院高风险孕产妇特点及救治经验

目的 总结高风险孕产妇特点,讨论相应多学科救治体系建设及实施情况。方法 选择2017年1月1日至2020年12月31日本院接诊高风险孕产妇患者,总结患者基本信息、高风险类型、救治情况、临床转归。结果 共救治高风险孕产妇98例,严重系统性合并症占84.7%(83/98),病种类型分散。在本院所建立的高风险孕产妇多学科救治保障体系下,91例经救治后好转、医嘱离院,预后不良病例共7例。结论 北京市三级综合医院接诊的高风险孕产妇病情更为复杂。本院为应对孕产妇病情高风险、病种分散特点,建立了以多学科和会诊专家组为主要特点的高风险孕产妇救治体系,安全、高效、高质完成高风险孕产妇的诊治工作,具有一定借鉴意义。     

An evaluation of telehealth expansion in U.S. nursing homes

ObjectiveThis research brief contains results from a national survey about telehealth use reported in a random sample of U.S. nursing homes.Methods and MaterialsThe sample includes nursing homes (N = 664) that completed surveys about information technology maturity, including telehealth use, beginning January 1, 2019, and ending August 4, 2020. A pre/post design was employed to examine differences in nursing home telehealth use for nursing homes completing surveys prior to and after telehealth expansion, on March 6, 2020. We calculated a cumulative telehealth score using survey data from 6 questions about extent of nursing home telehealth use (score range 0-42). We calculated proportions of nursing homes using telehealth and used logistic regression to look for differences in nursing homes based on organizational characteristics and odds ratios.ResultsSignificant relationships were found between nursing home characteristics and telehealth use, and specifically, larger metropolitan homes reported greater telehealth use. Ownership had little effect on telehealth use. Nursing homes postexpansion used telehealth applications for resident evaluation 11.24 times more (P < .01) than did nursing homes pre-expansion.DiscussionAdministrators completing our survey reported a wide range of telehealth use, including approximately 16% having no telehealth use and 5% having the maximum amount of telehealth use. Mean telehealth use scores reported by the majority of these nursing homes is on the lower end of the range.ConclusionsOne solution for the current pandemic is to encourage the proliferation of telehealth with continued relaxed regulations, which can reduce isolation and preserve limited resources (eg, personal protective equipment) while maintaining proper distancing parameters.     

探讨中药处方分析运用在中药药学服务中的效果

目的:探讨中药处方分析运用在中药药学服务中的临床效果。方法:选取2018年3月-2018年6月-门诊中药房接受存在处方问题的164张中药处方作为研究对象。对所有处方进行中药处方分析,明确处方中存在的问题,并统计被干预处方的来源科室,最终与来源科室沟通纠正处方中存在的问题。结果:164例中药处方分析结果显示超量是主要的处方问题(占54.88%),其次为配伍禁忌(26.83%),二者均明显高于其他处方问题发生率(P<0.05);而问题处方来源主要集中在消化与肾病科、儿科、名中医科以及肿瘤与风湿科;164张问题处方经分析以及与来源科室沟通、修正后均满足中医药合理用药要求。结论:临床中药处方中超量、配伍禁忌等问题现象较为普遍,经中药处方分析可及时发现处方中存在的问题,对提高中医药应用的合理性与安全性、有效性具有重要的临床意义。     

Selective age-related changes in orientation perception

Orientation perception is a fundamental property of the visual system and an important basic processing stage for visual scene perception. Neurophysiological studies have found broader tuning curves and increased noise in orientation-selective neurons of senescent monkeys and cats, results that suggest an age-related decline in orientation perception. However, behavioral studies in humans have found no evidence for such decline, with performance being comparable for younger and older participants in orientation detection and discrimination tasks. Crucially, previous behavioral studies assessed performance for cardinal orientation only, and it is well known that the human visual system prefers cardinal over oblique orientations, a phenomenon called the oblique effect. We hypothesized that age-related changes depend on the orientation tested. In two experiments, we investigated orientation discrimination and reproduction for a large range of cardinal and oblique orientations in younger and older adults. We found substantial age-related decline for oblique but not for cardinal orientations, thus demonstrating that orientation perception selectively declines for oblique orientations. Taken together, our results serve as the missing link between previous neurophysiological and human behavioral studies on orientation perception in healthy aging.     

Local inhibition of GABA affects precedence effect in the inferior colliculus

The precedence effect is a prerequisite for faithful sound localization in a complex auditory environment, and is a physiological phenomenon in which the auditory system selectively suppresses the directional information from echoes. Here we investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus respond to the paired sounds that produce precedence-effect illusions, and whether their firing behavior can be modulated through inhibition with gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA）. We recorded extracellularly from 36 neurons in rat inferior colliculus under three conditions： no injection, injection with saline, and injection with gamma-aminobutyric acid. The paired sounds that produced precedence effects were two identical 4-ms noise bursts, which were delivered contralaterally or ipsilaterally to the recording site. The normalized neural responses were measured as a function of different inter-stimulus delays and half-maximal interstimulus delays were acquired. Neuronal responses to the lagging sounds were weak when the inter-stimulus delay was short, but increased gradually as the delay was lengthened. Saline injection produced no changes in neural responses, but after local gamma-arninobutyric acid application, responses to the lagging stimulus were suppressed. Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid affected the normalized response to lagging sounds, independently of whether they or the paired sounds were contralateral or ipsilateral to the recording site. These observations suggest that local inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat inferior colliculus shapes the neural responses to lagging sounds, and modulates the precedence effect.     

Worst泪道探针法治疗泪小管断裂的护理

丁基胶塞因具有良好的气密性，较强的惰性，更高洁净度、更安全的生物性能等优点，成为国家在制药行业限期强制推广使用的药用包装材料。国食药监注（2004）391号明确规定：2005年1月1日起禁止所有药品采用普通天然胶塞包装。但丁基胶塞作为输液瓶胶塞在临床应用中存在一定缺陷。如穿刺时致输液器针梗不易全部插入胶塞中，输液过程中出现掉、退针，从而诱发护患纠纷。本研究发现，将输液器穿刺针柄嵌入铝盖与胶塞之间，可有效地解决上述问题，现报道如下。     

做个好的信息导航员 为护理人员服务

目的探讨图书馆员更好地为护理人员服务的工作方法。方法重视护理专业馆藏建设；开展对护理人员的培训；鼓励帮助护理人员撰写论文；传送信息到临床科室。结果护士与图书馆的联系越来越密切。结论图书馆员做好信息导航员，提高了护理人员专业素质，也提高了图书馆馆藏利用率。     

采用循证护理带教法提高护生内科临床实习效果的研究

目的：评价循证护理在临床带教中的运用效果。方法：选择在2009－2011学年内科护理临床带教过程中,将在某医院实习的高职高专护理专业的学生随机分成2组,一组采用循证护理的带教方法,一组采用传统的带教方法。结果：经调查问卷、考试试卷回收率、有效率均为100%,试验组(2008级)护生各项指标均优于对照组(2007级),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：内科护理临床带教过程中采用循证护理的带教方法,可促进学生学习积极性;有利于培养学生以实证为基础的护理理念;有利于提高学生研究能力;有利于促进院校教师的自我完善。