肺脾双补治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染

目的 :观察肺脾双补法治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)的疗效并探讨其作用机理。方法 :RRTI患儿 1 2 0例随机分为治疗组及对照组 ,治疗组在急性呼吸道感染期给以中药汤剂 ,感染好转后口服中药 (玉屏风散合四君子汤加减 ) ,每日一剂 ,连用两周。对照组感染期间使用西药抗生素及抗病毒剂治疗 ,感染缓解后不用药 ,两组于治疗前及治疗后 1月检测免疫球蛋白、T细胞亚群。结果 :治疗组有效率为 92 .6% ,对照组有效率为 34.6% ,两组比较差异显著( p <0 .0 1 )。治疗组IgA、IgG及CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8增高 ,CD8降低 ,与对照组比较有显著差异。结论 :肺脾双补法对RRTI有较好疗效 ,并有提高体液免疫与细胞免疫的作用     

Failure of oral implants: aetiology, symptoms and influencing factors

The use of oral implants opened a wide range of prosthetic treatment possibilities in edentulous patients. Although the reported success rates of oral implants are high, failures do occur. This paper reviews the current knowledge about the aetiology, the signs and symptoms and the possible influencing factors of implant failure. Possible causes of implant failure are thought to be infection of the periimplant tissues, occlusal overload, or a combination of both. Nevertheless, pinpointing one of these as the aetiological factor in a particular case is difficult and should be handled reluctantly. Although the cause might seem obvious, influencing factors could play a role as well. Gaining insight into these processes might stimulate the adoption of preventive action and therefore increase the predictability of the treatment outcome with oral implants. Received: 4 April 1997 / Accepted: 27 November 1997     

全身麻醉插管术后院内获得性肺部感染探讨

全身麻醉气管插管术后下呼吸道感染具有较高发生率。分析５２６例手术时间超过４小时普外科病例，经ｕ检验发现全身麻醉气管插管术后患者肺部感染率明显高于持续性硬膜外麻醉术后患者，影响因素主要与全麻插管用具及麻醉机消毒情况有关，也与术前存在慢性阻塞性肺部疾患和术后保留气管插管有关。降低全麻术后肺部感染应重视无菌操作，尽可能对麻醉机管道进行常规消毒。     

江汉平原鼠间流行性出血热感染研究

为了解湖北省江汉平原流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）疫区鼠间感染状况，采用挖洞法捕鼠，鉴定鼠种、性别和年龄，检查有无皮肤破伤，检测ＥＨＦＶ抗原抗体。结果，黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠占所捕鼠的６９．７％和２３．６％，其ＥＨＦＶ感染率分别为２１．８％和３０．９％。鼠间ＥＨＦＶ感染，成年鼠显著高于亚成年鼠和幼年鼠，感染率分别为４０．８％、１７．０％和１２．４％；皮肤破伤鼠感染率４５．９％，显著高于非皮肤破伤鼠的１３．９％。感染鼠以窝为单位具有明显的窝聚集性，而感染鼠窝在地理空间上则随机分布。感染鼠血清分型，黑线姬鼠以野鼠型为主，少数为未定型；褐家鼠以家鼠型为主，亦有少数未定型。这表明，江汉平原ＥＨＦ疫区是以黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠为主要宿主动物的家野混合型疫区；年龄、皮肤破伤和密切接触是该疫区鼠间ＥＨＦＶ传播的重要因素。     

新生儿病房铜绿假单胞菌的血清学分型,质粒分析研究

新生儿病房１９８９年１０月～１９９０年１２月、１９９６年３～６月两个时间段分离４０株铜绿假单胞菌，血清学分型率９７．５％，第一时间段以Ｏ１１型最多，占３０．４％，集中在１９９０年６～１０月，第二时间段Ｏ３型占９３．８％，集中在１９９６年３～６月，表明该病房发生两次铜绿假单胞菌医院感染流行。质粒检出率４２．９％，Ｏ１１型菌株质粒谱为８．１、４６．５、１７９．１ｋｂ，并经ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切进一步证实为同一克隆。对氟哌酸、阿米卡星及头孢他啶的敏感率分别为１００％、９７．３％和９５％。对庆大霉素耐药率明显上升，提示控制铜绿假单胞菌医院感染的重要性。     

脐带夹对防止脐部感染和出血的临床与实验研究

目的应用国产脐带夹用于农村山区破伤风高发区，并经离体试验验证其可靠性。方法经湖南、江西、广西等省基层接生员临床应用、并与当地同期或前一年未用夹者进行对照；同时经离体脐带用脐带夹、气门芯或纱线结扎阻断血管后进行金黄色葡萄球菌和破伤风毒素通透试验以及测试承受气压程度试验。结果1年临床使用2296例中，无1例发生破伤风和败血症。可靠性试验结果证明，粗纱线结扎最差，气门芯虽优于前者，但不如脐带夹。结论该脐带夹由于夹持力持久有力，细菌、毒素难以通过、安全可靠，因此能降低新生儿“病从脐入”的发病率和死亡率，有利干优生优育的贯彻．这是一项花费少、收效大的简而易行的适宜技术，值得推广。     

Three clinical reports of Kikuchi's lymphadenitis combined with systemic lupus erythematosus

Summary The authors describe three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with Kikuchi's histiocitic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL). Two patients presented a cytomegalovirus infection concomitantly with Kikuchi's lymphadenitis; in one of them the onsets of SLE and HNL were simultaneous. In the third case an inguinal HNL was concomitant with vaginitis of unknown aetiology.     

Quantification of risk factors in Hospital infection at a surgical service

In this paper we have analyzed several risk factors for developing nosocomial infections at a Surgical Service of the Hospital Clinico Universitario San Cecilio 2>, based on a retrospective follow-up program designed specifically for this study. Of all patients admitted to the Service from January 1 to June 17, 1987, we examined the following variables: age, sex, cause of admission, emergency or non-emergency admission, operation and related variables. The overall rate of nosocomial infections was 16.46%. The most significant risk factors we found were operation , which had a linear correlation coefficient of '0.929 (p < 0.01) with hospital infection when stratified by its lenght, advanced age ( >60 years old), especially in non-operated patients, and chemoprophylaxis. Such risk factors were ascertained taking into account the confounding effect produced by the variables studied in this survey.Corresponding author.     

Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis: Report of a Nosocomial outbreak

In an unusual nosocomial outbreak, 13 staff and 11 patients in an acute and chronic health care facility were infected with the zoophilic dermatophyte, Microsporum canis. The dermatophyte was apparently introduced into the facility by a single infected patient. Likely modes of subsequent disease transmission include person-to-person contact, handling of contaminated laundry, and use of a shared razor. Infection control measures for managing such outbreaks are discussed.     

一类“近乎双线性”系统及其稳定化反馈控制

本文定义了一类“近乎双线性”系统。可用以近似一类奇异摄动双线性系统,而且可以描述某些实际工业对象。并发现其控制器的设计较方便。文中还给出了一种简单的反馈控制器的设计方法。又对一类多输入双线性系统,提出一种设计反馈控制器的改进方案,根据Lyapunov定理得到一非线性反馈控制律。以上设计方法分别对某合成氨反应器作了应用研究,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。