Decadal Change in Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Pune City,India

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus capable of causing large outbreaks. We aimed to determine the decadal change in the extent of chikungunya virus infection from 2009 to 2019. We implemented a prospective cross-sectional survey in Pune City using a 30-cluster approach with probability-proportion-to-size (PPS) sampling, with blood samples collected from 1654 participants in early 2019. The study also included an additional 799 blood samples from an earlier serosurvey in late 2009. The samples were tested by an in-house anti-CHIKV IgG ELISA assay. The overall seroprevalence in 2019 was 53.2% (95% CI 50.7–55.6) as against 8.5% (95% CI 6.5–10.4) in 2009. A fivefold increase in seroprevalence was observed in a decade (p < 0.00001). The seroprevalence increased significantly with age; however, it did not differ between genders. Modeling of age-stratified seroprevalence data from 2019 coincided with a recent outbreak in 2016 followed by the low-level circulation. The mean estimated force of infection during the outbreak was 35.8% (95% CI 2.9–41.2), and it was 1.2% after the outbreak. To conclude, the study reports a fivefold increase in the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection over a decade in Pune City. The modeling approach considering intermittent outbreaks with continuous low-level circulation was a better fit and coincided with a recent outbreak reported in 2016. Community engagement and effective vector control measures are needed to avert future chikungunya outbreaks.     

Virome of Ixodes ricinus,Dermacentor reticulatus,and Haemaphysalis concinna Ticks from Croatia

Tick-borne diseases are a serious threat to both public and veterinary health. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the virome of three tick species implicated in the spread of vector-borne disease throughout Croatia. Ten viruses were identified, including seven potential novel species within the viral families Flaviviridae, Nyamiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Nairoviridae.     

人类微小病毒B19感染后肾脏疾病

人类微小病毒B19(PVB19)在红系细胞中增殖最佳,并与多种疾病相关。可以检测血清中的特异抗体或用PCR检测其DNA来确定PVB19感染。PVB19感染与肾脏疾病可能相关,此类肾脏疾病有女性趋向性及自限性;多数患者有低补体血症及免疫复合物沉积。该病毒直接破坏血管壁以及免疫复合物的沉积可能为其发病机制。PVB19感染后肾脏病主要是对症治疗,免疫力低下的患者可以静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗。     

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近年来,随着儿科内分泌遗传代谢病专业不断壮大以及与国外学术交流的增多,国内儿科内分泌遗传代谢病领域的研究进展不断创新。2011年10月13-16日第11届全国儿科内分泌遗传代谢病学术会议在山东烟台隆重举行,来自全国各地的450名正式代表出席了会议,会议收到论文168篇,基本反映了我国儿科内分泌遗传代谢病诊治及研究的整体水平。现就2011年国内儿科内分泌遗传代谢     

引线硅胶管植入术治疗单纯泪小点狭窄或闭锁的疗效观察

目的:观察引线硅胶管植入术治疗单纯泪小点狭窄或闭锁的临床疗效。方法:单纯泪小点狭窄或闭锁患者42例72眼,按照年龄分成60岁以上及以下两组。局部麻醉下行引线硅胶管植入术,术后给予局部消炎抗感染治疗。术后冲洗泪道1次/wk,共4次,1～3mo后拔管,计算治愈率,并行卡方检验。结果:所有患者术中均成功植入引线硅胶管。平均观察14mo。治愈59眼(82%),好转8眼(11%),无效5眼(7%)。60岁以上组治愈率、有效率均较60岁以下组低。结论:引线硅胶管植入术治疗单纯泪小点狭窄或闭锁,操作简便、创伤小、效果好、值得临床推广。     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征效果的影响

目的 探讨不同时间点应用经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)对肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)效果的影响.方法 对湖北科技学院附属第一医院于2013年1月-2016年6月收治的RDS 100例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.根据应用nCPAP时间分为≤2h组38例、2～4h组41例、≥4 h组21例.观察3组治疗前后动脉血气变化、治疗3、7d的机械通气率及并发症发生情况.结果 3组给药24 h后吸入氧浓度(FiO2)和二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)低于给药前,pH和氧分压(PaO2)高于给药前,且2～4h组改善情况优于≤2h组和≥4h组;给药2h后,2～4h组FiO2低于≤2h组和≥4 h组,≥4h组PaO2均高于≤2h组和2～4h组(P＜0.05);治疗3d2～4h组需机械通气率低于≤2h组和≥4 h组(P＜0.05);支气管肺发育不良发病率≤2h组高于2～4h组和≥4h组(P＜0.05).结论 早期给予nCPAP对PS治疗RDS效果明显,可改善预后,在发病2～4h应用效果最佳.     

前列腺疾病患者血清TPSA、FPSA和PAP的检测及其意义

为探讨总前列腺特异性抗原 (TPSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原 (FPSA)、前列腺酸性磷酸酶 (PAP)的检测对前列腺疾病的诊断价值 ,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫 (ELISA)法对 3 8例前列腺癌、85例前列腺良性疾病和 40例正常人血清中 TPSA、FPSA和PAP水平进行了检测。结果显示 ,前列腺癌患者血清中 TPSA、 FPSA和 PAP水平均显著高于前列腺良性疾病组和正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,F/ T比值前列腺癌组明显低于前列腺良性疾病组和正常组 (P<0 .0 1) ,前列腺良性疾病组与正常组无明显差别。     

The overall benefits of empagliflozin treatment in adult siblings with glycogen storage disease type Ib: one year experience

IntroductionRecently published case reports suggest the benefit of empagliflozin use in subjects with glycogen storage disease Ib (GSD Ib).MethodsWe present the clinical and laboratory data of 2 adult brothers with GSD Ib treated with empagliflozin for 12 months.ResultsThere was no severe infection during administration of empagliflozin. The improvement of clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis along with reduction in serum CRP levels and urinary albumin excretion was noted. Neutrophil count increased, allowing for reduction or temporary withdrawal of G-CSF treatment.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin may be a new safe treatment in GSD Ib patients with an advanced stage of the disease.     

Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Disease Risk: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study

Evidence suggests that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential may play a substantial role in the origin of gastric inflammation. This study aimed to examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII^TM) and gastric diseases at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years in a Korean population. A total of 144,196 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included. E-DII scores were computed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between the E-DII and gastric disease risk. In the prospective analysis, the risk of developing gastric disease was significantly increased among individuals in the highest quartile of E-DII compared to those in the lowest quartile (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.38). Prospective analysis also showed an increased risk in the incidence of gastritis (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04–1.37), gastric ulcers (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.16–1.85), and gastric and duodenal ulcers (HR_quartile4vs1 = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.17–1.81) in the highest E-DII quartile compared to the lowest quartile. In the cross-sectional analysis, the E-DII score was not associated with the risk of gastric disease. Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, indicated by high E-DII scores, is prospectively associated with an increased risk of gastric diseases. These results highlight the significance of an anti-inflammatory diet in lowering the risk of gastric disease risk in the general population.     

Prevalence and comorbidities of bronchiolitis in adults: A population-based study in South Korea

Bronchiolitis generally refers to inflammation and/or fibrosis of the non-cartilaginous small airways located approximately from the 8th airway generation down to the terminal and respiratory bronchioles. In contrast to young children, the frequency of small airway infection in adult bronchiolitis appears less frequent and a number of other pathophysiological conditions have been implicated in adult bronchiolitis. However, little information is available on the exact medical burden of bronchiolitis such as its prevalence and comorbidities in the adult population. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prevalence and comorbidities of bronchiolitis. We used the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which provides data for 1,000,000 individuals out of the entire population by 2% stratified random sampling according to age, sex, residential area, and level of household income. We defined the cause of bronchiolitis other than acute infection as a patient with diagnostic code J448 or J684 and over 20 years of age who visited a clinic or hospital in South Korea. Then, 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to define a non-bronchiolitis (control) group to compare the comorbidities and mortality in the 2 groups. The overall prevalence of bronchiolitis was 688 cases/1,000,000 population during the study period (95% confidence interval, 625–751). The most common comorbid clinical condition in adults with bronchiolitis was rhinitis (52.3%), followed by bronchial asthma (52.23%), hypertension (43.69%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (30.56%), sinusitis (28.72%), diabetes (22.77%), and osteoporosis (17.85%). Other common bronchiolitis-associated comorbidities were cerebrovascular disease (16.86%), angina (14.37%), peripheral vascular disease (13.42%), congestive heart failure (11.9%), and malignancy in any organ (10.6%). Healthcare costs for bronchiolitis increased steeply during the same period. Malignancy in any organ was the leading cause of mortality in the patient group, followed by bronchiolitis itself. Further larger prospective multiethnic cohort studies should be carried out in the near future.