眼科首诊糖尿病性眼肌麻痹18例临床分析

目的探讨以复视为首诊的糖尿病患者的诊断、鉴别诊断及发病机制。方法对18例患者行眼科常规检查,包括视力、裂隙灯显微镜检查、眼底检查、屈光检查、视远视近眼位、眼球运动、红镜片法复视像分析、眼B超检查,全身检查包括血常规、血糖、血脂、血生化、甲状腺功能测定,常规行头颅CT。结果 18例患者经临床相关检查排除颅内占位性病变、脑血管病变、Graves病、重症肌无力、鼻咽癌等,确诊为糖尿病。全部为单眼发病,其中动眼神经麻痹者14例（77.7%）,均无瞳孔改变,外展神经麻痹者3例（16.7%）,滑车神经麻痹者1例（5.6%）。结论随着人口的老龄化,饮食结构改变,糖尿病的发病率越来越高,糖尿病性眼肌麻痹应该引起眼科医生的重视,以免误诊和漏诊。     

瑞格列奈联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的观察瑞格列奈与二甲双胍联用治疗初诊血糖较高的2型糖尿病的疗效。方法一将90例初诊血糖较高的糖尿病患者分为A、B两组。A组45例,用瑞格列奈0．5～2．0mg／次,3次／d;二甲双胍片0．5m异／次,3杉d;B组45例,用格列齐特片80～160mg／次,3次／d,二甲双胍片0．5mg／次,3次／d。疗程为3个月。比较两组治疗前后空腹血糖（FBS）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlC）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（Tch）和体重指数（BMI）。结果用药前后空腹血糖（FBS）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlC）的变化比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论瑞格列奈与二甲双胍联用治疗初诊血糖较高的2型糖尿病具有协同作用。不良反应少,临床应用方便,依从性好。     

Safety data from the MenB-FHbp clinical development program in healthy individuals aged 10 years and older

BackgroundThe MenB-FHbp vaccine (Trumenba®) is licensed in various countries for the prevention of meningococcal serogroup B disease in individuals ≥ 10 years of age. The clinical development program included 11 completed trials where, in each trial, MenB-FHbp had an acceptable safety profile after a primary vaccination series was administered to individuals 10–65 years of age. However, the detection of potential rare events was limited because of individual clinical trial size. The current safety analysis evaluates pooled reactogenicity and other adverse events (AEs) reported in these trials to identify new safety signals not detectable in individual trials.MethodsEleven trials contributed safety data, of which 10 recorded local and systemic reactogenicity events; 8 of the trials were controlled, and reactogenicity data were pooled for 7 of these 8 trials. Additional AE evaluations included immediate AEs (IAEs), medically attended AEs (MAEs), serious AEs (SAEs), newly diagnosed chronic medical conditions (NDCMCs), and autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions.ResultsLocal and systemic reactions were more frequent in the MenB-FHbp group (n = 15,294) compared with controls (n = 5509), although most reactions were transient and mild to moderate in severity. Frequencies of IAEs, SAEs, MAEs, NDCMCs, and autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions were similar between the MenB-FHbp and control groups.ConclusionsMenB-FHbp demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in the clinical development program of > 15,000 vaccine recipients ≥ 10 years of age. No new safety signals were identified in the pooled analysis compared with data from the individual trials. Continued postmarketing safety surveillance is important for the identification of rare events.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01299480; NCT000808028; NCT00879814; NCT00780806; NCT01352845; NCT01352793; NCT01461993; NCT01323270; NCT01830855; NCT01461980; NCT01768117.     

颈动脉和下肢动脉超声检查对新诊断2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的检出率及与心脑血管事件的关系

目的：探究分析颈动脉和下肢动脉超声对新诊断2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的检出率及与心脑血管事件的关系。方法选择236例新诊断2型糖尿病患者进行研究,对所有患者均进行颈动脉和下肢动脉超声检查,根据检查结果比较分析超声同时检查颈动脉与下肢动脉对动脉粥样硬化病变的检出结果,并对所有患者进行随访,对患者心脑血管事件进行统计。结果所有新诊断2型糖尿病患者的动脉粥样硬化确诊例数为男69例（62.73%）,女82例（65.08%）,差异无统计学意义。对分组检测患者比较,联合诊断组患者男性、女性和总检出率分别为69例（62.73%）,女82例（65.08%）和151（63.98%）,显著高于单纯颈动脉超声检查患者的检出率,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对所有患者心脑血管事件进行随访比较发现,颈动脉和下肢动脉均发生硬化的糖尿病患者的心脑血管事件总发生率达到20.00%,显著高于单纯颈动脉硬化患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论单纯通过劲动脉超声检查患者的动脉粥样硬化,检出率明显较低,联合下肢动脉超声可以显著提高动脉粥样硬化的检出率,且联合检查有利于判断新诊断2型糖尿病患者是否发生心脑血管事件,临床建议广泛使用。     

复方丹参滴丸对新诊断2型糖尿病患者动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸对新诊断2型糖尿病患者动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法将108例新诊断2型糖尿病患者随机分为阿司匹林、维生素E和丹参滴丸3组(各36例),在降糖、降压、调脂的基础上分别予以口服阿司匹林(0.1g/次,1次/日)、维生素E(0.1g/次,2次/日)和复方丹参滴丸(10丸/次,3次/日)治疗18个月,观察治疗后血糖、血脂谱和胰岛素抵抗指数的变化及颈、髂、股动脉IMT的变化。结果治疗后与治疗前比较,丹参滴丸组糖化血红蛋白水平下降(P0.01),总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平降低(P0.01),胰岛素抵抗指数改善(P0.05);颈、髂和股动脉IMT无明显增厚(P0.05)。治疗后丹参滴丸组颈动脉IMT增厚幅度低于阿司匹林组(P0.05),股动脉IMT增厚幅度低于阿司匹林和维生素E组(P0.05)。结论对新诊断2型糖尿病患者加用复方丹参滴丸治疗,可协助血糖、血脂的调控,延缓动脉内膜增生。     

左乙拉西坦治疗原发性癫痫的临床疗效及其对生活质量的影响

目的探讨左乙拉西坦治疗原发性癫痫的临床疗效,及其对生活质量的影响。方法选择符合标准的患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组应用左乙拉西坦,对照组应用丙戊酸钠,比较两组临床治疗效果及其生活质量。结果治疗6个月后,观察组患者癫痫发作完全控制率及QOLIE-31评分高于对照组,痫样波放电率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论左乙拉西坦治疗新诊断原发性癫痫,能有效控制癫痫发作和痫样放电,提高患者生活质量,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期患者社会支持与生命质量的调查

目的 调查消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期的患者半年中的社会支持和生命质量变化。方法 采用社会支持评定量表和CARES-SF对146名患者的社会支持和生命质量进行为期半年的追踪调查。结果 消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期患者的生命质量为中等，其中婚姻关系维度、性关系维度得分半年后下降。患者所获得的社会支持最多的是情感支持，其次是实际支持，信息支持为第三位。情感支持大多来源于家庭成员，信息支持大多来源于医务人员。患者大多很少参与社交活动。在半年中情感支持、实际支持、信息支持的变化模式不一。诊断初期的患者不能有效地利用社会支持。结论 应对确诊初期患者加强咨询，以充分识别和利用社会资源。应持续评估患者的生命质量和社会支持，并制订干预方案，提高消化道恶性肿瘤确诊初期患者的社会支持程度，最终提高其生命质量。     

持续皮下胰岛素输注治疗初诊2型糖尿病50例观察

目的对持续皮下胰岛素输注治疗初诊2型糖尿病临床疗效进行统计和分析。方法选取我院2011年2月至2012年8月收治的初发2型糖尿病患者50例,对患者采用胰岛素泵进行持续性的胰岛素皮下输注(CSII)方法治疗,为治疗组;同时选取50例初发2型糖尿病患者,采用多次皮下注射胰岛素(MSII)方法治疗,为对照组,对比两组患者在治疗两周后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(PBG)变化、胰岛素的使用总量,血糖达到生理性指标的时间及合并症低血糖的发生率。结果治疗后两组患者FBG及PBG均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CSII组胰岛素的使用量较MSII组明显减少(P<0.05),血糖达标时间明显缩短(P<0.05),合并症低血糖的发生率显著减少(P<0.05)。结论采用持续性的胰岛素输注方法治疗初发2型糖尿病,能有效改善患者的空腹、餐后血糖指标,降低胰岛素的使用总量,明显缩短用药后血糖达到正常水平的时间,低血糖发生率较低,适宜临床上广泛应用于治疗初诊的2型糖尿病。     

Serum uric acid level in newly diagnosed essential hypertension in a Nepalese population: A hospital based cross sectional study

Objective

To develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and hypertension.

Methods

The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine Department. Hypertension was defined according to blood pressure readings by definitions of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee. Totally 205 newly diagnosed and untreated essential hypertensive cases and age-sex matched normotensive controls were enrolled in the study. The potential confounding factors of hyperuricemia and hypertension in both cases and controls were controlled. Uric acid levels in all participants were analyzed.

Results

Renal function between newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and normotensive healthy controls were adjusted. The mean serum uric acid observed in newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and in normotensive healthy controls were (290.05±87.05) µmol/L and (245.24±99.38) µmol/L respectively. A total of 59 (28.8%) participants of cases and 28 (13.7%) participants of controls had hyperuricemia (odds ratio 2.555 (95% CI: 1.549-4.213), P<0.001).

Conclusions

The mean serum uric acid levels and number of hyperuricemic subjects were found to be significantly higher in cases when compared to controls.