前置胎盘的高危因素及围产儿结局

目的探讨前置胎盘发生的高危因素及其对妊娠结局的不良影响。方法回顾性分析6年间分娩的78例单胎前置胎盘病例(前置组)和156例单胎非前置胎盘对照产妇(对照组)的临床资料。结果前置胎盘发生率为0．94%(78/8318例)。前置组产妇年龄大于对照组(≥35岁,OR=8．76,P＜0．001),胎次(≥3次,OR=5．80,P＜0．001)、产次(≥2次,OR=6．87,P＜0．001)、流产次数(≥3次,OR=7．06,P＜0．001)、前次剖宫产史(P＜0．01)均多于对照组。前置组新生儿早产发生率高于对照组(47．44%比7．05%,P＜0．01),早产者1min Apgar评分低于对照组[(7．08±2．08)分比(9．09±0．82)分,P＜0．01],新生儿出生体重低于对照组(P＜0．01)；两组新生儿出生性别的差异无显著性。结论高龄(≥35岁)、多产(≥2次)、多胎(≥3次)、多次流产(≥3次)及前次刮宫产史的孕妇前置胎盘发生率高,且易导致早产和新生儿窒息,是产前重点监护的对象。     

The developmental paediatrician and neonatal follow-up

Recent advances in modern perinatal and neonatal intensive care have led to an increase in the survival of premature infants. This increased survival, unfortunately, has not been accompanied by an improvement in neurodevelopmental outcomes. Premature infants, especially those with an extremely low birth weight (less than 1000 g) or those born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation, are at increased risk of major disabilities and complex, ‘low severity’ dysfunctions that have significant, lasting effects on their school function, academic performance and behaviour, as well as on family function. Neonatal follow-up programs provide a number of functions to centres providing neonatal intensive care, including quality assurance and audits, research and follow-up clinical care to neonatal intensive care unit survivors and their families. The challenge for neonatal follow-up programs is to meet the often competing objectives of providing clinical services to children and their families while providing quality assurance and audits, and high-quality long-term outcome research components, given the available resources. There is also a need for ongoing research to develop and evaluate effective postdischarge intervention programs to improve the long-term outcome of prematurity and other neonatal complications. Developmental paediatricians – with their background and training in the provision of specialized health care to children and their care-givers with respect to developmental and psychosocial well-being, and in conducting developmental and behavioural disabilities research – play a valuable role in the follow-up assessment and care of neonatal intensive care unit graduates, and strengthen the multidisciplinary research groups necessary to assess long-term outcomes and the effects of perinatal and postdischarge interventions.     

Neonatal follow-up programs and follow-up studies: Historical and current perspectives

The present report reviews some highlights in the history of neonatal intensive care and neonatal follow-up programs, particularly developments and reports that were based on experiences in Canada. Early outcomes reported from ‘preemie baby units’ were distressing, but attention has consistently been paid to preterm infant outcomes, even from the early days of neonatal intensive care units. Most current follow-up programs have goals related to ‘audit’ functions, education and clinical roles, but existing literature related to these functions is limited. Several reports have provided guidance in terms of neonatal follow-up research issues, and these strengthen the place of follow-up studies in outcomes research.     

不同褪黑素治疗方案对缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨不同褪黑素治疗方案对缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBD）新生大鼠脑内源性神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖及远期组织学的影响,以寻求褪黑素治疗的较优方案。方法 将96只7日龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组、缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBD）组、单剂量即刻褪黑素治疗（SDIT）组及7日连续褪黑素治疗（7DCT）组（n=24）。HIBD大鼠模型采用分离并电凝大鼠右侧颈总动脉,低氧舱（氧气浓度为8%±0.01%）内缺氧2 h的方法建立。造模后7 d,采用增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）/巢蛋白（Nestin）免疫荧光双标法检测各组大鼠侧脑室室管膜下区（SVZ）及海马齿状回（DG）区内源性NSCs的增殖情况（n=8）;采用Western blot法检测各组大鼠脑Nestin蛋白的表达水平（n=8）。造模后28 d,采用苏木精-伊红染色（HE）和尼氏染色法观察海马CA1区的组织病理学及锥体细胞数的变化（n=8）。结果 免疫荧光染色结果显示：SDIT组和7DCT组PCNA⁺Nestin⁺DAPI⁺细胞数均较HIBD组增加,且7DCT组显著多于SDIT组（P < 0.01）;Western blot结果显示：SDIT组与7DCT组Nestin蛋白的表达水平均显著高于HIBD组,且7DCT组显著高于SDIT组（P < 0.05）;HE染色结果显示：SDIT组及7DCT组细胞损伤减轻;尼氏染色结果显示：SDIT组和7DCT组锥体细胞数均较HIBD组增加,且7DCT组显著高于SDIT组（P < 0.01）。结论 SDIT和7DCT均可促进HIBD新生大鼠脑内源性NSCs的增殖,减轻远期组织学损伤,且7DCT疗效优于SDIT。     

Diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito diagnosticados por cribado neonatal

The screening program of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is probably one of the best achievements in paediatrics. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development and brain maturation that continue through the neonatal period. Hypothyroidism that begins in the first months of life causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system, and is one of the most frequent and preventable causes of mental retardation. As children with congenital hypothyroidism are born with a normal appearance, analytical studies are required to immediately start the appropriate therapy.This article analyses the aims, diagnostic procedures, tests required, aetiology, and differential diagnosis in this disorder. Especially relevant is to perform frequent monitoring to ensure dose adjustments of L-Thyroxine therapy, avoiding infra- or supra-dosing that negatively affects neurosensory functions. Re-evaluation of the aetiology permanent vs transient hypothyroidism is always recommended after 3 years of chronological age.The relevance of this screening program should be widely discussed in paediatrics. The main objective is to avoid cerebral damage in these patients, and has been highly successful and economically beneficial.Other aspects are required to optimise patient outcomes, to perform all the controls according to the recommendations and to include, in the near future, the diagnosis of central hypothyroidism. Implementation of this program is necessary to progress in accordance with current scientific knowledge.     

第二产程时限与新生儿结局的关系

目的探讨第二产程时限对新生儿预后的影响。方法将216例单胎、足月、无阴道分娩禁忌证的初产妇按照第二产程持续时间(t)分为4组,比较4组间新生儿结局情况。结果手术产率、脐动脉酸血症发生率及新生儿转入新生儿加强监护病房(NICU)的发生率在t>90 m in组明显高于t≤30m in组、3090 m in,新生儿不良结局发生率增加,故应重视和积极处理第二产程。     

Ⅱ型排卵障碍女性使用克罗米芬或来曲唑诱导排卵的AID临床结局及妊娠结局比较

目的 比较Ⅱ型排卵障碍女性使用克罗米芬(CC)方案或来曲唑(LE)方案诱导排卵后供精人工授精(AID)周期的临床结局和妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年8月578名Ⅱ型排卵障碍妇女在我中心完成的1 253个AID周期的超声监测数据及临床资料.比较单用CC或LE或联合促性腺激素(Gn)诱导排卵的AID周...     

机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭36例临床观察

目的：观察探讨不同方式的机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床效果.方法：选取我院36例诊断为呼吸衰竭的新生儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,各18例,观察组采用高频震荡通气（HFOV）,对照组采用常规机械通气（CMV）,观察对比两组治疗效果.结果：观察组总有效率为88.9%;对照组总有效率为61.1%,两组疗效对比差异显著（P＜0.01）.结论：高频震荡通气（HFOV）治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的临床效果显著,明显优于常规机械通气（CMV）,能迅速升高Pa（O2）,纠正低氧血症,并发症少,安全性更高.     

Hearing impairment and hypoxia ischaemic encephalopathy: Incidence and associated factors

Objective

To establish the local incidence of hearing loss in newborns with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) and to identify associated risk factors.

人类细小病毒B19感染与新生儿高间接胆红素血症

目的探讨人类细小病毒B19(HPVB19)感染与新生儿高间接胆红素血症(新生儿高胆)发生的关系.方法对136例新生儿高胆及123例正常新生儿用聚合酶链反应技术进行血液HPVB19-DNA的检测.结果 136例新生儿高胆的患儿HPVB19-DNA阳性者48例,阳性率35.3%,123例正常新生儿HPVB19-DNA阳性者12例,阳性率9.8%,两组之间阳性率比较有非常显著性差异(χ\+2=23.7,P＜0.005).结论新生儿高胆的发生与HPVB19感染有关.