Very large peroxisomes in distinct peroxisomal disorders (rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata and acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency): novel data

Summary We report very large hepatic peroxisomes (d-circle >1 m) in a patient with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata and a patient with acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency. The effects of peroxisomal enlargement on the enzymatic activity are discussed. As increase in peroxisomal size is also reported in at least 12 other patients with peroxisomal disorders, we propose, a relationship between the enlargement of the organelles and their functional deficiency.     

The increase of cardiac beta 1-subtype of beta-adrenergic receptors in adult rats following neonatal 6-hydroxydopa treatment

An analysis of Hofstee plots of specific [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding in the presence of various concentrations of practolol showed that KD and Bmax in beta 1-subtype adrenoceptors were 19.2-fold lower and 2.76-fold higher than those in beta 2-subtype in adult rat hearts, respectively. Neonatal treatment with 6-hydroxydopa produced a significant increase only in Bmax in beta 1-adrenoceptors without changing Bmax and KD in beta 2-receptors. "Up' regulation in the density of beta 2-type of adrenoceptors seems to be caused by the 6-hydroxydopa-induced sympathetic lesion.     

山莨菪碱外用佐治新生儿硬肿症临床观察

目的:观察山莨菪碱(654鄄2)外用对新生儿硬肿症的效果。方法:将住院新生儿硬肿症患儿分为治疗组和对照组,两组均采用常规治疗,治疗组加用654鄄2辅佐治疗。结果:治疗组与对照组在治愈率上无显著差异(P>0.05),但治疗组在体温回升时间、硬肿消退时间和住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:654鄄2可提高新生儿硬肿症的治疗效果。     

Invasive antenatal procedures and requirement for neonatal intensive care unit admission

Neonatal respiratory difficulties are increased following second trimester amniocentesis. In preterm, prolonged rupture of the membranes, respiratory outcome is particularly poor when rupture occurs in the first trimester. It therefore seems likely that first trimester/early amniocentesis (EA) would be associated with severe respiratory problems necessitating a high neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate. To test that hypothesis, the requirement for admission to the NICU of 278 infants whose mothers had undergone EA, 262 whose mothers had undergone chorion villus sampling (CVS group) and 264 controls whose mothers had undergone no invasive procedures were reviewed as were their diagnoses if they needed admission. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery, gestational age or gender distribution of the three groups and the median maternal age of the EA and CVS groups was similar. Nineteen EA, eight CVS and five control infants required admission to the NICU (EA versus controls, P < 0.01; EA versus CVS plus controls, P < 0.005). Nine EA, one CVS and four control infants had suffered respiratory problems (EA versus CVS P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that immaturity and EA were significantly associated with a requirement for NICU admission. We conclude infants whose mothers have undergone EA may be at increased risk for NICU admission, this is partly due to respiratory problems but the association is uncommon. Received: 1 August 1996 / Accepted: 12 December 1996     

Cholestasis in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia

Abstract Objective : The aim of this study was to characterize the liver involvement in infants who have both neonatal asphyxia and neonatal cholestasis. Methods : We describe four asphyctic newborn infants (three born at term) who developed early (age 3.8 ± 2.1 days) intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis and in whom tests for causes of neonatal liver damage were negative. Results : The clinical picture and course were benign and similar to that of sporadic "idiopathic" neonatal hepatitis. Clinical signs and abnormal liver function tests tended to normalize within the first year of life in all. Conjugated bilirubin became normal at 6 months after the onset of cholestasis, while liver enzymes tended towards normal values thereafter, within 1 year of follow-up. Liver biopsy (taken in one patient) showed a typical picture of giant cell hepatitis; ultrastructure was nonspecific. Significance : Our results suggest that isolated asphyxia should be taken into account as a potential causal factor in term or pre-term asphyctic newborns who develop early "idiopathic" neonatal cholestasis.     

新生儿窒息513例临床分析

目的 探讨新生儿窒息的相关因素及预防措施。方法 对1995年1月～2004年12月哈尔滨二四二医院住院分娩发生的新生儿窒息513例临床资料进行分析。结果 新生儿窒息与胎儿窘迫高度相关。脐带因素、产程异常、胎盘功能不全是新生儿窒息的主要产科原因。结论 新生儿窒息是胎儿窘迫产程中缺氧在出生后的表现和继续。应以预防为主：要重视产前检查，对高危妊娠进行系统管理，指导胎动计数，加强产程监护，综合判断后选择最佳分娩方式。一旦发生，及时进行复苏术。     

Effects of REM sleep deprivation on cholinergic receptor sensitivity and passive avoidance behavior in clomipramine model of depression

This study investigated the effects of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep deprivation (RSD) on the activity of central cholinergic receptors and passive avoidance retention in rats treated neonatally with clomipramine. Male rat pups treated with clomipramine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) twice daily from postnatal day 5 to 21 were subjected to RSD procedure at three months of age, for 4 days consecutively. In the post-RSD phase, RSD-control rats showed a significantly enhanced cholinomimetic-induced hypothermia and an improved retention in passive avoidance task. However, these measures were not significantly different in RSD-experimental group as compared to rats treated neonatally with saline. These results suggest that RSD reverses the sensitivity of central cholinergic receptors in rats given clomipramine neonatally, and this mechanism may be involved in mediating the antidepressant effects of RSD treatment in clomipramine model of depression.     

广州市产科资源对新生儿窒息的影响

目的 :探讨广州市产科资源对新生儿窒息及重度窒息发生率的影响 ,总结进一步降低新生儿窒息发生率及重度窒息发生率的行政干预措施。方法 :对全市各产科医院的分娩量、产、儿科床位、 MICU、 NICU、产床数、产、儿科技术人才及设备资源等变量进行分层聚类分析 ,将特征相似的产、儿科资源合并 ,最终选择代表产科资源特征的 5类变量 ,将所有产科医院进行样品聚类。结果 :将 14 4所产科医院分 6类 ,描述各类医院特征 ,其中新生儿窒息及重度窒息发生率均最高的一类共 6所产科医院 ,其医院规模最小、技术力量不足、助产技术服务需求低。而新生儿窒息及重度窒息发生率均最低的一类共 6 3所产科医院 ,其产科资源与新生儿窒息发生率高的一组相似。结论 :要进一步降低广州市新生儿窒息发生率 ,可对重点医院进行技术指导 ,进行必要的医疗资源调整及投入。     

茵栀黄注射液治疗新生儿高未结合胆红素血症的150例

目的 :及早有效纠正新生儿高未结合胆红素血症 ,以预防胆红素脑损伤。方法 :在常规治疗的同时 ,加用茵栀黄注射液静脉滴注。结果 :治疗组胆红素日均下降值为 (50 17±25 26) μmol/L ,明显高于对照组的 (37 95±21 58) μmol/L。结论 :茵栀黄注射液治疗新生儿高未结合胆红素血症 ,可迅速降低血胆红素水平 ,明显缩短治疗时间。     

新生儿脐血红细胞葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶缺乏筛查结果分析

目的 了解广东省东莞市莞城地区新生儿脐血红细胞葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏的发生率。方法 9676例活产新生儿生后即取脐血，采用定量法测定红细胞G6PD／6PGD的比值。低于1．0者为G-6-PD缺乏。结果 测得G-6-PD缺乏的患儿265例，总发生率为2．74％。其中男230例，发生率为4．07％；女35例，发生率为0．87％。男性发生率明显高于女性(χ^2=90．75，P＜0．001)。结论 脐血G-6-PD活性筛查，能比较准确地检测出G-6-PD缺乏患儿，指导临床对其并发症进行早期干预，避免智力低下等后遗症的发生，提高人口素质。