乌鲁木齐市中学生健康行为调查分析

目的监测和了解中学生主要的健康危险行为和保护性因素的情况。方法由美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)统一采用专门的抽样软件抽取乌鲁木齐市25所中学,并采用整群抽样方法抽取学校的班级并对班级中的13~15岁在校学生进行问卷调查。结果每天运动60分钟以上的学生占16.1%;父母或监护人一直或大多数时间里理解被监护人遇到的问题和烦恼的学生占36.0%;曾经感到孤独的学生占8.2%;曾做过自杀计划的人占9.0%,曾经认真想过自杀的学生占20.4%;曾经尝试过吸烟的学生占31.2%;第一次尝试酒精的年龄在13岁以上的学生占33.5%;曾经使用过1次以上毒品的学生占1.4%;参加8次以上打架的学生占22.2%。结论中学生中存在比较严重的健康行为方面的问题,突出表现在缺少体育运动,心理健康问题严重、有自杀倾向,吸烟、饮酒和使用毒品等,必须引起教育和卫生部门的高度重视,并提早给予干预,以促进少年儿童的健康发展。     

陕西省农村沼气建设及其综合利用卫生效果与健康需求调查研究

目的了解农户沼气综合利用知识和相关卫生知识、态度、行为,沼气综合利用对农户卫生状况、健康状况的影响及相关信息来源、需求。方法采用专题小组访谈的定性方法,对骨干人群、乡村医生进行访谈。运用现场观察和随机抽样问卷调查的定量方法对农户进行调查。同时在每县采集样本,进行虫卵实验室检测。结果已建沼气的农户卫生状况和健康状况显著好于未建的农户(P<0.05);沼气相关知识知晓率和对沼气的认可态度持有率显著好于未建的农户(P<0.05);已建户和未建户沼气综合利用知识仅限于沼气做饭、沼液种植、沼渣施肥,其余用途知晓率较低(均不足45%);被调查对象对健康相关知识需求不高;农户相关信息主要获得途径为电视、广播等大众传媒、传单等健康教育宣传品和同伴宣传;除了希望从上述途径获得信息外,还希望从讲座、健康教育课等途径获得。结论农村沼气综合利用能够有效改善农村卫生条件和农户健康状况,节约能源、增加收入;以全国亿万农民健康促进行动为平台,加强多部门合作,利用各种群众喜闻乐见、易接受的传播途径,普及沼气相关知识和健康相关知识收到满意效果。     

厂矿企业实施职工健康促进的现状研究——关于企业职工健康促进干预方案的建议

目的对在昆明市厂矿企业实施职业健康促进提出针对性建议。方法综合分析昆明市20个厂矿企业的1432名职工进行健康促进现况调查的结果。结果开展职业健康促进,提高职工整体健康水平必须采取综合干预措施,包括(1)加强领导,加强社区行动;(2)制定健康的公共政策,强化考核;(3)采取多种形式,提高职工自我保健技能;(4)创造支持性环境,维护职工身体健康。结论完善的企业健康促进方案有利于提高职工的健康水平,并可以为今后健康教育的实施、监测和效果评价奠定基础。     

Human resources and access to maternal health care.

The lack of human resources is one of the main bottlenecks to achieving the Millennium Development Goals on maternal and child health. A coherent national policy, recognized across government, needs to be in place to overcome this especially in countries severely affected by HIV/AIDS. Such a policy should cover selection of pre-service students, the qualifications of trainers and training sites, supportive supervision, career path development, a package of carefully thought-out incentives for the retention of staff, strategies for interaction with communities, and an agreed-upon health staff HIV/AIDS policy. Without such coherent human resource planning, a large number of countries will fail to reduce maternal and newborn mortality.     

曲靖市某磷酸盐厂"三废"中的氟对周围人群健康的影响

目的了解曲靖市某磷酸盐厂排出“三废”中的氟对周围人群影响情况。方法当地疾病控制与监督部门于1998年对该厂周围的虹桥、耿屯、望城、螃蟹坡4个村人群进行随机抽样调查。结果尿氟>3 mg/L检出率分别为1.72%、23.44%、33.33%,16.13%。发现低年龄组患氟斑牙比较严重,4个村检出率分别为45.16%、64.52%、72.73%、81.25%,而高年龄组患氟骨症比较明显。结论有关部门必须加强对该厂废气排放的管理。     

Social class, income, education, area of residence and psychological distress: does social class have an independent effect on psychological distress in Antalya, Turkey?

  Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the separate effects of social class, income, education and area of residence on psychological distress. The study also assesses whether the association between prevalence of high score on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12) and social class is independent of other variables. Method: Psychological distress was assessed by means of the GHQ 12. The study covered 1092 adults aged 15 years or more living in two different quarters of Antalya. Social class status was defined by occupational position, with income, education and area of residence treated as confounders. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Results: Large inequalities in psychological distress by all variables were observed. Psychological distress was significantly associated with class status, after adjusting for income, education, area of residence and other potential confounders (age, sex and marital status). Class inequalities in psychological distress were observed between blue-collar workers/unqualified employees and bourgeoisie. Conclusions: These findings support the view that the recent widening of inequalities among social classes in Turkey pose a substantial threat to health. Accepted: 5 November 1999     

Clean Spaces,Community Building,and Urban Stage: the Coproduction of Health and Parks in Low-Income Neighborhoods

Green zones are potential contributors to health by mitigating disparities between low- and high-income neighborhoods. Against the background of different discourses about city parks—parks as restorative environments, parks as enabling places, and parks as sites for encounters between strangers—we ethnographically studied the coproduction of green spaces and health within low-income neighborhoods. We found three competing notions of urban green, each tied to different notions of neighborhood well-being. Parks as “clean spaces” create expectations of order and peace; parks as places of the community are related to play and activities; and parks as urban stage foster interactions between strangers. By generating experiences that encompass different conceptions of health, citizen-led events can contribute to a shift in the understanding of parks as sites of neighborhood decline to parks as places of hope and new beginnings.     

2022 ~ 2023年江苏省地区抗菌药物实施国家集中带量采购的效果分析

目的：分析国家药品集采政策对江苏地区中选抗菌药物的影响。方法：选取第七批国家集中采购的5种抗菌药物,对比江苏地区2022年前三个季度与2023年同期的销售情况,描述性分析抗菌药物集采的实施效果。结果及结论：进行集采后,生产厂家减少、主要生产厂家发生更替;临床上DDDs上升明显,DDDc普遍下降了60%至80%;中选抗菌药物在销售量普遍上升的情况下,销售额平均下降了60%以上,药品价格下降明显。