辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜组织结构及微血管的影响

目的：探讨辐射对豚鼠鼻黏膜结构及微血管的损伤。方法：选择健康豚鼠84只，随机分为对照组（12只）及照射组（72只）。均在同样条件下喂养。将照射组豚鼠置于直线加速器射线内照射，每周1次，每次照射5Gy，计3周，总剂量15Gy，建立辐射损伤动物模型。分别于照射后0．5、1.0、2．0、3．0、5．0、6．0个月处死动物12只，随机取6只做鼻腔黏膜微血管铸型，另6只做病理检查。对照组在假照射后6个月处死动物，随机各选6只分别做鼻黏膜微血管铸型检查和病理检查。结果：照射组豚鼠的鼻黏膜辐射后早期表现为急性炎症反应，黏膜大量坏死、脱落，电镜下见仅少部分黏膜表面还被覆着正常的纤毛结构。以后黏膜开始修复，至6个月时基本结束，但大部分黏膜失去了正常的纤毛柱状上皮结构特点，部分区域甚至代为组织转化的鳞状上皮；微血管铸型可见，早期改变为毛细血管扩张充血及血管内皮细胞肿胀，以后逐渐出现毛细血管的扭曲变形、闭塞及中断，毛细血管数量大量减少，致血液回流障碍，微静脉萎瘪。后期部分区域出现新生的毛细血管，但结构紊乱，不具备微循环的功能。结论：鼻黏膜的损伤、晚期的鳞状上皮组织转化以及鼻黏膜微循环的破坏是放疗后鼻腔功能障碍的病理学基础。     

老年人大肠息肉146例分析

对１４６例老年（＞６０岁）大肠息肉进行研究，发现：①在老年肠道疾患中大肠息肉的发生率较高，占同期结肠镜受检者的２４．３％；②息肉的组织类型以炎性息肉最多（７６．０％），其次为大肠腺瘤（１８．３％）和增生性息肉（５．７％）；③复合性息肉发生率为３０．１％，病变多累及２个以上肠段；④腺瘤癌变率达２６．９％。     

Effects of ethmoidal nerve stimulation on respiration-related neurones in the dorsal medulla of the cat

Stimulation of the nasal mucosa produces a number of respiratory reflexes the afferent limb of which is provided by the ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve. In the cat this nerve terminates within the trigeminal nucleus. It has no direct projection to brainstem respiratory centres. This study examines the response of respiratory-related neurones in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to ethmoidal stimulation. It demonstrates that these neurones show both excitatory and inhibitory responses to ethmoidal stimulation. Thus, the NTS appears to be involved in respiratory reflexes initiated by stimulation of the nasal mucosa.     

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening: Selecting the ideal strategy

Abstract Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer killer of Americans. Recently developed and tested methods of screening and surveillance can effectively diagnose and treat the disease in most patients before symptoms develop when the chance of cure is high. It is also possible to prevent colorectal cancer by detecting and resecting premalignant adenomatous polyps. Evidence-based guidelines recommend that the average-risk population greater than age 50 be screened with annual faecal occult blood tests plus periodic flexible sigmoidoscopy. This approach is feasible, efficacious, affordable and cost-effective in a high-risk country such as the US. Widespread compliance with these recommendations could reduce the mortality from this malignancy by more than 50%.     

中医药治疗子宫内膜息肉的临床研究进展

子宫内膜息肉是妇科常见疾病,现代中医认为本病主要病理因素是瘀滞,临床常见气滞血瘀、痰湿瘀阻、湿热瘀滞、气虚血瘀、阳虚血瘀诸证,运用中医药辨证治疗、中医外治法,可有效改善临床症状,降低息肉复发率,提高妊娠率。本文将近十年中医药治疗子宫内膜息肉的临床研究作以综述。     

1910名初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与鼻中隔偏曲的相关性分析

目的　了解初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎发病与鼻中隔偏曲的相关性。 方法　分层随机抽取郑州市1910名12~15岁初中新生，采取问卷调查及专科体检的形式，根据量表、体检结果，了解鼻中隔偏曲和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患病情况，分析两者相关性。 结果　抽样初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的患病率为6.2%（119/1910）；慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患病群体与非患病群体中，轻、中度鼻中隔偏曲的发生率分别为27.7%（33/119）和31.2%（559/1791），两者差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.632，P>0.05）；重度鼻中隔偏曲的发生率分别为13.4%（16/119）和8.0%（144/1791），两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.248，P<0.05）。 结论　初中新生慢性鼻-鼻窦炎发病与重度鼻中隔偏曲具有相关性。