胆囊息肉样病变23例分析

我院自1969年7月至1990年7月,收治各种类型的胆道系统疾病共2018例,施行胆囊切除和胆总管切开取石以及其他各种胆道手术等共1821例,其中发现胆囊息肉样病变23例,术后经病理检查证实,其发病率占1.14%.23例胆囊息肉样病变同时并发急性胆囊炎、慢性胆囊炎、胆囊炎合并结石、胆囊出血、胆囊息肉癌变等并发症.本文着重讨论了并发症的原因,诊断方法以及如何治疗等问题.作者认为该病在胆道系统疾病中占有重要的地位,也是胆道系统中一种特殊的疾病.     

老年人大肠息肉146例分析

对１４６例老年（＞６０岁）大肠息肉进行研究，发现：①在老年肠道疾患中大肠息肉的发生率较高，占同期结肠镜受检者的２４．３％；②息肉的组织类型以炎性息肉最多（７６．０％），其次为大肠腺瘤（１８．３％）和增生性息肉（５．７％）；③复合性息肉发生率为３０．１％，病变多累及２个以上肠段；④腺瘤癌变率达２６．９％。     

Effects of ethmoidal nerve stimulation on respiration-related neurones in the dorsal medulla of the cat

Stimulation of the nasal mucosa produces a number of respiratory reflexes the afferent limb of which is provided by the ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve. In the cat this nerve terminates within the trigeminal nucleus. It has no direct projection to brainstem respiratory centres. This study examines the response of respiratory-related neurones in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to ethmoidal stimulation. It demonstrates that these neurones show both excitatory and inhibitory responses to ethmoidal stimulation. Thus, the NTS appears to be involved in respiratory reflexes initiated by stimulation of the nasal mucosa.     

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening: Selecting the ideal strategy

Abstract Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer killer of Americans. Recently developed and tested methods of screening and surveillance can effectively diagnose and treat the disease in most patients before symptoms develop when the chance of cure is high. It is also possible to prevent colorectal cancer by detecting and resecting premalignant adenomatous polyps. Evidence-based guidelines recommend that the average-risk population greater than age 50 be screened with annual faecal occult blood tests plus periodic flexible sigmoidoscopy. This approach is feasible, efficacious, affordable and cost-effective in a high-risk country such as the US. Widespread compliance with these recommendations could reduce the mortality from this malignancy by more than 50%.     

Viral titers in nasal lining fluid compared to viral titers in nasal washes during experimental rhinovirus infection

BACKGROUND: The concentration of rhinovirus in nasal wash specimens from infected volunteers peaks at 48-72 h after inoculation. The volume of expelled nasal fluid peaks at the same time, raising the question of whether the viral concentration in nasal wash reflects viral replication in nasal cells or merely the production of an increased volume of nasal fluid during a cold. OBJECTIVES: To determine the amount of rhinovirus in nasal lining fluid during colds before the nasal fluid has been diluted in a nasal wash. STUDY DESIGN: Rhinovirus titers were determined in nasal wash specimens collected daily for five days from 14 subjects with type16 rhinovirus infection. The urea concentration in nasal lining fluid equals that in blood. By determining the urea concentration in a nasal wash and comparing it to the urea concentration in blood from the same subject, it was possible to determine the amount of dilution of the nasal lining fluid. The dilution factor (reciprocal of the dilution) was then used to calculate the viral concentration in undiluted nasal lining fluid. RESULTS: The dilution factor in 70 nasal washes varied from 5 to 64. The viral GMTs (+S.E.) in nasal washes were 1.79 (+0.3) TCID(50)/ml at 24 h, 3.11 (+0.15) at 48 h, and 2.61 (+0.3) at 72 h. The viral GMTs in nasal lining fluid, based on urea adjusted values, paralleled those in nasal washes but were approximately one log higher. Virus concentrations returned to near baseline values by day 5. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal pattern of rhinovirus shedding observed in nasal wash specimens, with a peak in virus concentration at 48-72 h after infection, is a true indication of virus production in nasal cells and not an artifact of the increased amount of nasal fluid produced during the early phase of a cold.     

Relative growth of adenomatous polyps of the colon

Summary The volume of the adenomatous mucosa (V), the area of the surface epithelium (Ss), the area of the glandular epithelium (Sg), and theSg:Ss ratio were calculated in a series of 14 adenomatous polyps (APs) of a case of multiple polyposis of the colon. The equation of simple allometry was used to study the relative growth of the four series of values.Ss grew isometrically with size;Sg overgrewSs and accounted for most of the increase inV. TheSg:Ss ratio increased withSg andV.